Zeszyt: 2012, vol. 9 / 02 / 4 (Dec 2012)
The analysis markings directions to agrotourist farms revealed that they are primarily performed by the owners. The hosts have very ingenious, but not always prefer quality. Bulletin boards, signs, or signs in the shape of arrows, are just some examples used in Kujawy Pomeranian village. The markings make it easy to not only drive visitors to the farm, but they are also a great part of promoting it. Often have small details (such as the image of the fish or horse), referring to the shape of the profile of your business. Unfortunately, only 38.5% of respondents have introduced information signs in their area. Little involvement in the process of their formation may be due to various reasons. Frequently mentioned is the lack of consent to their installation in the area, high costs and lack of awareness of their needs. The hosts promote their offers mainly through the Internet (92.2%), business cards (70.1%) and folders (50.6%) and catalogs (46.7%).They also expect appropriate involvement of local authorities in this type of activity. The study noted that the owners are unhappy with the activities of association of agrotourism. ...
The dominant spa-function of a small town is given attention in the study which was based on Busko-Zdrój, a town with 17 035 permanent inhabitants. Busko-Zdrój is a unique place in the southern part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, 50 km from Kielce and 80 km from Kraków. It was as early as in the year 1252 that brine exploitation started here. During the search for rock salt, mineral waters with medicinal properties were found. An intense development of the spa took place from 1866 - structure among others of bathrooms, spa park, hospital, boarding houses around the spa park. Besides sulphurous waters, mineral sludge from the ponds nearby were also used for therapeutical purposes. The inter- and post-war era was the period of brilliance for Busko- Zdrój. At present, sulphurous and iodide-bromide waters, as well as peloids, are used for medical treatment. There are 13 spa-hotels offering 2066 beds. Ca. 1.5 million treatments are performed every year, 800 thousand of them are sulphide baths. Diseases of circulatory and locomotor systems, rheumatic, orthopedic, neurological and dermatological disorders as well as childhood diseases (e.g. cerebral palsy) are treated in Busko-Zdrój. The spa function of this small town helped in its development and ...
The work aimed at the determination of the silting degree and the silting forecast for water reservoirs at Brzóza Stadnicka and at Brzóza Królewska, which are situated on hydrologically uncontrolled Tarlaka stream. The analysis took into account the influence of upper reservoir - Brzóza Stadnicka - on the amount of se-diment flowing into the lower reservoir - Brzóza Królewska. The analysis of the silting process was carried out in three variants. The first one concerns to the Brzóza Stadnicka reservoir, the second to the Brzóza Królewska reservoir, without taking into consideration the upper reservoir, and the third variant took into ac-count the influence of the upper reservoir on the lower one. It was stated that stu-died small water reservoirs were characterized relatively low values of the sediment trap efficiency what causes extension of their useful life. Sediment trap efficiency of Brzóza Stadnicka reservoir determined on the basis of the balance of the volume of sediment delivered and deposited in this reservoir is carried out 27.9%. The somewhat higher value βrz = 38.7% the Brzóza Królewska reservoir is characterizes. It was also stated that the upper reservoir of the cascade had the in-significant impact on decrease of the silting intensity ...
Increase in the number of organic farms and the area occupied by the crops grown organically demonstrates the interest of farmers this farming system. To maintain this trend, farmers must pay adjustment conventional farms to organic.This paper presents results of research aimed at understanding the reasons for the switch management system for organic production. Based on the survey also identified motifs take agrotourist activities on organic farms, the relationship between revenue and costs in this business and markets for the products produced on organic farms. ...
Few households with Kuyavian-Pomeranian villages build an agrotourist product on a horseback riding. Research has shown that out of 78 respondents only 26.9% of the farm organizes this form of recreation. Two farms had the largest number of horses (over 20). Their farms had the highest level of service. Farms al-so provide different forms of recreation "in the saddle." From individuals learning, to ride with an instructor, camps, sleigh rides, carriage rides. A large group of owners (52.4%) activated the agrotourism with a view that the main attraction will be recreational horse riding. Other hosts (47.6%) organized on their property this kind of physical activity after 3-5 years. It was dictated by identifying and recognizing the market demand for this type of service. According to the respon-dents (71.4%), interest in horse riding is mostly expressed by horse lovers, families and young people in organised groups. Year by year the number of tourists in-creases, so the owners of agritourism farms (23.8%) plan to conduct a series of investments to raise the standard of services and encourage visitors to continue to improve riding skills. ...
The results of the calculations of the conveyance of the channel of the river Dłubnia and the weir at Bieńczyce located in the km 6 + 560 of the river Dłubnia were introduced in the work. The results of calculations made possible the indica-tion of the cause of flooding the adjoining terrains during the flood in 18 July 2010. Taking into account outflow from reservoirs in Zesławice in this day to the weir the inflow in the river Dłubnią carried out approximately 70 m3•s-1. This water flow is qualified as the waterside flow. It was showed that this flow would not overflow from the channel Dłubnia below the studied weir. The weir at Bieńczyce is characterizes the smaller conveyance. It was stated that the conveyance of the weir carry out 50.25 m3∙s-1. It was calculated by the assumption that the weir gates will be fully upraised and not making up the obstacles in the overflow of the weir. However the conveyance carries out just 44,61 m3•s-1 accepting the hydraulic scheme, corresponding to the constructional solution of weir locks. It was also stated that because of the conveyance of the weir, smaller than the waterside flow, avoidance of submergence of terrains ...
The study aims at presenting the spatial policy of communes located along the course of the river Bystrzyca in the Wrocław district, with regard to the protec-tion of the environmental values of the watercourse. The documents analysed in-clude the studies of determinants and directions for the spatial management applied in the Mietków, Kąty Wrocławskie and Sobótka communes. The articles were studied with regard to identifying the values of the natural environment with special emphasis on water resources, protecting the aquatic environment, and further directions for water protection. The study also focuses on the planned spatial development for investment in the vicinity of the Bystrzyca Valley Landscape Park as well as within its area, with regard to the area planned for investment. ...
Increase of waste and pollutants which degrade the environment is the main problem of civilization in twenty-first century. In the twentieth century it was observed, that amount of waste from agriculture and the food industry was growing. Their chemical composition creates optimal conditions for microor-ganisms growth. In aerobic and anaerobic fermentation process, bacteria are decomposing in organic compounds. The result of this change is the emission of greenhouse gas (CH4, H2S, CO2, NOx) and nitrogen compounds, phosphorus and potassium. There are various types of fermentation, but one of them, may play a special role in renewable energy sources and waste management. It is a biogas production. Firstly in this process the energy contained in biomass is converted into useful fuel (source of clean, renewable energy). Secondly biogas can be burned in a boiler for heat energy used for heating equipment, or it can be used in the electric generator. This method belongs to organic recycling.This paper presents the analyses and results of biogas production from or-ganic fraction of municipal waste in the process of co-fermentation with the mass of agricultural waste. To illustrate the potential of economic aspects of biogas pro-duction, the study was conducted on six mixes, with different ...
The paper deals with effects of prolonged measuring time of observation in case of fixing single point position with RTK GPS in co-operatin with active geodetic network ASG-EUPOS. The conclusions are based on 2 independent research works done specially to solve this problem.Both investigations show clear dependence between the time of measurement and the accuracy of positioning in case of single reference ASG-EUPOS station at the distance less than 5 km.For distances longer than 10 km; when the impact of distance dependent errors prevails, it is not recommended to extend measuring time over 10 seconds.Further investigations should be done to show more precisely to what extend (between 5 and 10 km) is it worth to extend the time of measurement. ...
The paper presents the results of model tests carried out in a semi-technical scale. Author have been trying to answer the question, how the embankment lifting water made of the ash-slag mixture would behave and what kind of the possible filtration damages would occur in particular parts of the structure. It was verified in the conducted tests whether the applied kind and method of building up the geo-synthetic polymer barrier /GBR-P/ and the draining elements would ensure the safe working conditions of the structure. There were determined in laboratory tests the changes of the filtration curve location in the body of the hydraulic embankment without sealing elements and with the GBR-P screen. The tests revealed, that the furnace waste such as the ash-slag, cannot be used in hydraulic engineering without proper procedures. It may be building in geosynthetic sealing elements and drainage preventing from suffusion and liquefaction. ...
The paper deals with an issue of closing small communal dumping sites for municipal wastes that, for various reasons, could not meet the legal regulations in force since 2003. One of such dumping grounds is situated in Chełmek Commune, in the west part of Malopolska Voivodship. The currently lasting process of closing it and reclamation encounters problems resulting from technical design as-sumptions of the seventieth. The question of geotechnical stability of the slope of the inclination 1:1 was analysed it the article. An influence of changes of the values of the angle of internal friction of wastes on the obtained values of the safety factor was determined using Bishop's method. The analysis concerns also the influence of the outside load that can occur on the crest of the landfill quarter as well as ground-water conditions in the subsoil. Data for stability calculations were compiled on the basis of the carried out in-situ tests as well as the existing documents concerning the dumping site. The obtained results of calculations show the existing risk of the slope stability loss in the case of certain assumed values of geotechnical parameters and outside loads. There were assumed, for the considered dumping site, three characteristic ...
The article presents mechanisms operating in Polish legal system aiming at protection of greenery (trees and bushes), in the areas other than forest grounds, on the basis of administrative law regulations. The paper focuses on the problems of tree (bush) removal permit, conditions of its obtainment, particular obligation imposed on the property owners and involving a payment resulting from this obli-gation and the exemptions from this duty. Moreover, the Authors addressed the is-sue of consequences of a lack of this permit, which assume a real shape in the ad-ministrative decision of the district authorities imposing a financial penalty. The article analyzed also the problem who should be the addressee of the administrative decision imposing a penalty for unlicensed tree (bushes) removal and to what available legal remedies such person is entitled. In conclusion it was stated that Polish legal system properly protects greenery and legal awareness of the citizens is high, the more so as, the information that removing trees (bushes) without a permit could have far-reaching consequences, the range of which in many cases may exceed financial possibilities of a person who undertook such activities, becomes a common knowledge. In conclusion of the article the Authors postulate at ...
Civilizational development of the rural areas makes at these areas specific environmental problems that were recognized as a problems of urbanization and industrialization in cities. Agricultural and food industry generate each year 10 million Mg of waste in Poland. It isn't possible to unequivocally define the weight of waste which are generated in agriculture and food industry. Many of the waste owners give these waste to treatment and disposal as a municipal waste. In the result, they don't pay product fee or recycling fee and they don't make an annual report about waste.We should developed a new method for gather information about the quan-tity and quality of waste to characterize the solid waste management in the agri-cultural sector and food industry. This article contains a questionnaire - "waste card". It can be used to characterize the mass and composition of waste generated in the agricultural sector and food industry. Person which will complete "waste card" (farmer or businessman) gives the name of waste, place of generating, weight, dimensions, mass calculated per unit of reference (year, area, etc.) and the way in which waste is treated by him. Respondent usually receives a list of expected waste (from researchers) to make this ...
The study deals with the well-established spa-recreational function in the small Austrian town of Baden bei Wien (Baden ner Vienna), part of the Vienna agglomeration. Its location in the Vienna Woods is especially beneficial to the city's inhabitants, who consider this spa town as a major place for rest and relaxation, especially on the weekends. The combination of medical functions with tourist functions brought to life in Baden bei Wien is a positive phenomena, since spas based exclusively on the medical-therapeutic model are not always able to survive within market economy. The spa model, based only on spa treatment, without any recreational-tourist activity, stands against EU requirements and contemporary expectations within market economy. ...
Forests in Jaworzyna complex belong to particularly precious for the sake of protection and economy. They are also basic element of cleading round the Krynica health resort, which is crucial for mineral water protection and microclimate in this region. In the last 10 years this natural landscape has been changed in large degree, because of construction of sports objects complex, mainly ski tours.Placing large amount of cubic and linear objects, which are for artificial for forest environment, caused many problems with forest management in the Ja-worzyna forest district. This especially goes for making forest available for com-munication in this region. Expanded ski trails net in evident way makes collision with forest roads net and constant skidding roads. In effect, significant part of complex are inaccessible in time and technical manners.Doing economic activity on Jaworzyna area, especially in winter time, has become very difficult or even dangerous. In the study there will be presented characteristic of existing conditions for forest management unit on Jaworzyna after ski trails construction and directions of actions for solution of conflict situations. ...
