Zeszyt: 2016, vol. 13 / IV / 2 (Dec 2016)
The study was conducted in the Pomological Orchard of the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice on a plantation of blackcurrant cultivar ‘Tiben'. The following variants of the experiment were applied: control - NPK fertilization only, mulching with a peat substrate, shredded pine bark, sawdust of coniferous trees, bovine manure, plant compost, straw of cereals, and application of mycorrhizal inoculant MYKOFLOR. Mulching was performed each year in the spring in an amount of 25 dm3 per plot, and the inoculum was applied in an amount of 10 ml per shrub. Samples for acarological examinations were collected at 4 times, in the spring and autumn of successive seasons in 2012-2013. An increase in the overall density of mites, in comparison with the control surface, was observed after mulching the soil with sawdust of coniferous trees and plant compost. On all the plots, the communities of mites were dominated by mites of the order oribatid mites. For these mites, a statistically significant increase density was recorded after mulching the soil with sawdust of coniferous trees, bovine manure and plant compost. Mulching did not increase significantly the species diversity of oribatid mites. The soil of the blackcurrant plantation was found to be inhabited ...
Polyurethane foams due to their easily regulated domain structure are group of polymers with highly variable properties. They are widely used to provide comfort in many areas of daily life. Because of toxic products polyurethane foam waste cannot be disposed by means of thermal degradation, they also show a high resistance to chemical and physical factor. Those properties combined with their low apparent density and widespread use (about 18 million tons per year) lead to a significant volume of waste that is stored in landfills. In Poland, more than 60% of those landfills, certified as well as illegal, are located in rural areas.The aim of this study was to determine the enzymatic abilities of microorganisms isolated from foam waste, which can potentially decompose polyurethane (ureases, esterases, proteases, and laccases), and to determine their ability to grow on a medium containing polyurethane foam as the only carbon source.Most of the tested strains produced ureases while the least produced were laccases and proteases. Four of the tested strains: Epicoccum nigrum, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus xylosus and Rhodococcus spp. showed significant growth on the medium with polyurethane foam as sole carbon source. ...
This article is a continuation of the first part of the article flue gas cleaning in municipal Waste-to-Energy plants- part I. The first part contains an extensive introduction to the subject of flue gas cleaning and cover subjects: reduction of dust and particle-bounded heavy metals as well as NOX reduction. The second part focuses on reduction of acid gases, organic pollutants and heavy metals. One chapter is devoted to examples of working plants: Spittelau (AT), Issy les Moulineaux (FR), Mainz (DE), Zabalgarbi (ES) where used technology and pollutants emissions are shown along with comparison to WTERT 2006 top ten plants and EU limits. Six new Polish Waste-to-Energy plants are shortly describe according to flue gas treatment methods. Some topics, as costs and residual handling, are only briefly mentioned and for more information the reader is advised to use literature which will allow them to learn more about technology, processes and problems presented in the text. The aim of the study is to present the current state of flue gas cleaning in Waste-to-Energy plants. ...
Land consolidation plays an important role in rural areas management by stimulating the areas to develop and contributing in particular to the creation of favourable conditions for agriculture. Land consolidation process enables to form a new state of ownership and is crucial for the improvement of area structure of Polish agricultural holdings. Efficient rural areas management necessitates reliable information about property boundaries. Determination of property rights requires a precise space delineation of those rights by establishing the position of parcel boundaries, which determines future land utilization and possible directions of property development. Clear, unequivocal and reliable establishment of boundaries determines the feasibility of future investments, particularly in the field of technical and social infrastructure. The paper presents technological and legal aspects of the performance of geodetic works concerning the establishment of the position of boundary points in the proceedings of land consolidation. In the study there were examined existing legislation and technical regulations relating to the process of land consolidation. The records were examined in terms of land demarcation procedure, led particularly by district governor, in relations to the outer boundaries of land consolidation area and in terms of establishment, indication and marking on the ground of newly planned ...
The aim of the study was to compare the levels of cadmium and lead in livers, kidneys and wool / hair / of sheep and goats reared in the vicinity of the steelworks in Nowa Huta in Kraków and in the control field, Rożniatów, in which there was no emitters of heavy metals. Samples were collected post mortem from one-year old animals of one breed (within a species) and one sex, who had lived from birth in the studied areas. Both species were fed with the same fodder and have remained in the same places. Wet mineralization was applied (mixture of nitric acid (V) and chloric (VII) (3: 1)) metal determination was done by a FASA method. The levels of the metals depend on the species, on the test areas and on the collected part of the animal. Tissues from sheep contained more cadmium and lead than the tissue of goats. The highest cadmium content was found in the kidney, lower in the liver, the lowest in the hair / wool of tested animals. Goat kidneys from both areas of research and sheep kidneys from Rożniatów meet consumer standards for cadmium. However, 20% of sheep kidneys sampled from Nowa Huta ...
Digital photogrammetry is one of the intensively developing areas of technical sciences. Increasing participation in the surveying works have digital devices and solutions giving new possibilities in creation of the appropriate map elements and models as well. A particular role to play has the laser scanning technology allowing to present surveyed space or area in the 3D form. Digital Terrain Models for agricultural areas obtained on its basis may be presented in different ways using professional software.Due to the fact, that in recent years almost the entire Poland was covered with laser scanning, collecting information about the Earth's surface in the form of a cloud of points with high accuracy is a relatively fast process and the results of their elaboration are widely used in many fields.The paper presents the methods of Digital Terrain Models visualization of agriculture areas for three different objects created on the basis of data derived from airborne laser scanning. The study included agricultural locations - two of them (Strzelce Wielkie and Kamionka Wielka) located in the Malopolskie Voivodship, the third - Mątowy Wielkie in Pomorskie Voivodship, in Żuławy. DTM visualizations were prepared in Macrostation, Terrasolid and Surfer 10 software. For the Mątowy Wielkie object ...
A field experiment was carried out in two vegetation seasons in the years 2012 and 2013 on very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz, Poland. The aim of the study was to characterize morphological achenes and determine the fertility potential and real of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) plants derived from micropropagation grown under irrigation. Low fertility real of cap plant resulted from the participation of infertile fruit-achenes it means devoid of the seeds. Due to the fact that this plant is entered on the list of invasive species, this property may be desirable during plantation establishment. As a result, the plant will not be so easy to penetrate into the ecosystem and will not pose a threat to native biodiversity. ...
Witkowo commune is located in the eastern part of Wielkopolska region at Gniezno county. This is typical agricultural commune with some tourism infrastructure. The aim of the work was to evaluate of an existing tourism potential of Witkowo commune based on comparison analysis of indexes describing its tourism potential and other communes located in administration boundaries of the same county. For this purpose the multidimensional comparison analysis of synthetic measures was performed. Afterwards the concept of tourism potential enrichment was proposed based on aforementioned analysis. The obtained results revealed, that the highest synthetic measure was noted for Witkowo commune, where the highest tourism potential was observed. The lowest level was recorded for Niechanowo commune, which revealed the lowest values almost in every analysed group of indexes. The proposed tourist trail contributes to tourism enrichment potential of Witkowo commune. The trail goes through Powidzko-Bieniszewski Landscape Protected Area. This is in agreement to the goal of tourism management for the development of the tourism at a protected area with considering the protection rules and local features. Simultaneously the tourist trail designation does not disturb ecological balance and create consistent tourist infrastructure. ...
Over the recent years, rural space has been a subject to continuous changes, both at the structural and qualitative level. The way Polish rural areas look today results from long-lasting changes determined not only by historical, but also social or economic factors. The areas currently face a number of problems, including unfavourable ownership structure.The purpose of the study was the analysis of the spatial structure of agricultural parcels, and the assessment of its effect on the possibilities of development of selected study areas. Spatial analyses were performed, providing the basis for the determination of the urgency of conducting arrangement-agricultural works with the most considerable impact on the development of the areas. Two rural areas were selected for the study: Jabłonów in Brzeźnica commune, Żagański County, Lubuskie Voivodship, and Gardzienice Pierwsze in Piaski commune, Świdnicki County, Lubelskie Voivodship. The areas, like the voivodships in which they are located, are distinguished by a completely different agrarian structure. According to data of the Central Statistical Office, in Lubelskie Voivodship farms reach an average size of 7.57 ha, and in Lubuskie Voivodship - 20.75 ha. Study areas selected this way permitted the presentation of various problems resulting from the ownership structure of land, and ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the species composition in the fallow lands in areas heavily degraded by the mining and processing industries. The research was conducted in the western part of the Małopolska province in the municipality of Trzebinia. The layer C of phytocenosis that is the green layer was analyzed by specifying its all plant species and by approximately estimating vegetation cover according to the modified Braun-Blanquet scale. 212 species of vascular plants were found in the research areas. Species typical of fallow lands and ruderal areas i.e. giant goldenrod, couch grass and bush grass are the dominant species in the study areas. Among the species found in the study areas the species typical of fresh meadows such as false oat-grass, goosegrass and sorrel as well as thermophilic species such as crownvetch, greater knapweed or cypress spurge appear with great frequency. ...
Over recent years, the structure and rate of water consumption in Poland has exhibited significant changes. In urban areas has been observed a substantial decrease in water demand, whereas in rural areas the general trend has been the opposite. The aim of this work was to investigate the consequences of changes in area of water and sewage management in Bydgoski, Toruński and Włocławski counties, paying special attention to the rate and structure of water consumption. In this study were used data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS). The data included information concerning the length of waterworks system, and the rate and structure of water consumption in individual communes of the investigated counties. In 22 out of 28 examined units was recorded an increase of total and individual water consumption. Selected communes and rural areas have significant differences in rate and structure water consumption. The main cause of these changes are indicated to be an increase in population (migration from cities) accompanied by an expansion of waterworks. ...
The article raised the subject of the analysis of land consolidation works in the years 1945-2013. The authors present in selected time intervals, the results of Land consolidation in the Leżajsk District (in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship). The study area is located on the territory of the lands historically belonging to the Austrian partition, under the influence of the principles of Austrian cadastre. These problems are described in the compilation with the changes in the law on setting up, maintaining and modernizing the Land and Buildings Registry (EGiB) in postwar Poland. The works of land consolidation are important in the process of creation of the real estate cadastre. Under current regulations the role of cadastre of real estate in Poland plays EGiB. This cadastre however has several flaws, and as a cadastral system of European standards, should constitute the backbone of a functioning real estate management and be the basis for legal, fiscal and planning actions of the state. In each of these aspects of the real estate economy important role play the configuration of borders, optimization of the shape and surface of the land and regulated legal status of the land. In the opinion of the authors land consolidation ...
Two methods of linear trend estimation: the ordinary least squares (OLS, parametric) and Theil-Kendall (TK, nonparametric) are compared in the paper. The comparison was made using 65 time series of annual totals, Pa, and annual daily maximum, Pmax, of precipitation, 30-year long each, recorded in the south-eastern part of Poland (the Upper Vistula catchment). The OLS and TK slope coefficients of trends revealed high similarity for both Pa and Pmax series. The signs of slopes are the same for 64 sites for Pa and 63 sites for Pmax with positive signs prevailing: the numbers of decreasing trends for Pa OLS and TK slopes were 3 and 4, respectively, and, for Pmax, 13 for both OLS and TK slopes. In trend significance testing, both methods produced similar results for Pa time series: out of 16 significant trends, 13 were determined with both OLS and TK at the same sites. For Pmax series such agreement was found for 4 trends out of 10. Spatial distribution of significant trends showed a kind of clustering in certain parts of the investigated area. ...
The aim of the study was to analyse the interaction between pavement moisture content and load-bearing capacity of an unpaved forest road. The selected experimental road sector was divided into three sections (A, B and C), which were flooded with three different amounts of water 10 mm (section A), 20 mm (section B) and 30 mm (section C), compared with the intense rainfall. Three series of tests were conducted at each section: prior to flooding (1st day of measurements), during the first 24 hours after flooding (2nd day) and during the next 24 hours after flooding (3rd day of measurements). Moisture content of structural layers of the road (surface course, base course and subbase course) were determined and the measurements using a light weight deflectometer (Evd, s/v) and a static plate (E1, E2, Io) were conducted. Recorded averaged results clearly indicate a negative effect of an increase in pavement layers moisture content (e.g. resulting from heavy rainfall) on the forest road carrying capacity and on compaction parameters of its layers. On the third day of the measurements a decrease in the analysed modulus, on average between 16% (E2) and 25% (Evd) was observed, but a decrease in compaction by 16% ...
Animated 3D training software is an innovative tool describing the dismantling process step by step for 50 most common electrical appliances. The tool is intended for two groups of WEEE reuse and recycling industry workers: low skilled workers (including non-native, disabled or marginalized workers) and corporate management personnel. Using a combination of a popular game engine (Unity3D), C# and JavaScript code, and external calls to web services, 3D representations of the WEEEs and their parts become manageable through a WEB 3D CMS. All the information that is connected to the 3D Objects is dynamically set by content authors. Multilingualism is another key feature of the platform. There is a tool to easily translate all the content of the application to the preferred language online. This technology will produce Virtual Scenarios with a crucial advantage: a ‘content author' will be able to modify or replicate them, create new scenarios, combine knowledge from existing one, present differences between the same type of devices, model their parts and materials with the help of ontology on WEEE. The tool will be available from the Internet in seven languages (English, German, French, Czech, Greek, Romanian and Slovenian) and the basic version will be free of ...
The objective of the paper was to learn about behavioural consumer preferences with regard to organic products distribution on the area of Małopolskie Voivodeship. The research studies covered purposefully selected a 100-person group of respondents. On account of the growing awareness of consumers concerning healthy food, they will even more often reach for organic products. Thus, the process of their distribution should be properly prepared so that the demand for this kind of food is the highest. The investigated respondents use a previously prepared shopping list and carefully read available products while shopping. Majority of them look for loose products. A proper quality of products and form of sale may increase the consumers' interest and consequently their distribution. ...
In the last few years alternative energy sources have been fast developing. One of these sources is fuel cell. Due to development of the renewable energy sources, the powering of fuel cells with bio-fuels is very important. The one of this fuel is methanol. The use of fuel cells on a large scale is mainly limited by the high cost of catalysts - mainly platinum. Elimination of Pt as catalyst would allow for wider commercial application of fuel cells. The paper presents a study of methanol electrooxidation on electrode with Cu-B alloy catalyst. Researches were done by the method of polarizing curves of electrooxidation of methanol in glass vessel. An aqueous solution of KOH was used as the electrolyte. Conducted measurements show that there is a possibility of electrooxidation of methanol on Cu-B catalyst. In any case, the process of electrooxidation of methanol occurs. A current density of about 10-20 mA/cm2 has been obtained for all concentrations of methanol and B in alloy. So, the work shows possibility to use Cu-B alloys as catalysts for fuel electrode of DMFC. ...
