Zeszyt: 2016, vol. 13 / III / 1 (Jun 2016)
Planning and spatial management are very often associated with the best providing human needs that require adjustment to environmental conditions. Thus interpreted, the rational spatial management brings many benefits to the local community, often the price of it is the degradation of the environment. System solutions reduce the negative effects of the investment on the environment and society. As a part of that, an investment in the implementation of apply optimal solutions in terms of environmental and social protection are procedures for environmental impact assessments (EIA). The aim of this study was to determine the operations to minimize negative environmental impacts and methods of environmental compensation in EIA procedures in the planning and implementation of the linear investments in Poland on A2 highway from Stryków I to Konotopa section 'E' case study. To determine the most effective mitigation methods the negative impact of the highway and activities in terms of environmental protection, simplified EIA was carried out. The most threatened elements of the natural and social environment were identified: groundwater, soil, human health, acoustic climate. ...
The aim of the studies was determining the spatial distribution of premises and the technical means of production resources on farms in the years 1996, 2002 and 2010. The database has been developed for 36 counties of the Śląskie voivodship. The spatial database developed for the analysed voivodships assumed a county as the smallest indivisible unit of the geographical space. The data describing the technical means of production on farms were obtained from inquiries conducted by the European Statistical Office. Diagnostic variables describing the technical equipment on farms included: self-propelled machinery, tractors and usable areas. The analysis of spatial distribution was conducted for the assumed period of time and spatial changes were determined. On the basis of the analysed diagnostic variables the synthetic indicator was determined, which described the multivariate phenomenon by means of one variable. The analysis show that in 1996 agricultural farms were better equipped on the level of the measure of development 0.306 than in 2002, when the measure of development was lower by 0.100. ...
Degree-day values can be calculated using climatic data. Thus, seasonal, monthly, daily and hourly energy requirements for heating and cooling in buildings can be calculated. The effect of outside ambient temperature can be determined by means of the degree-day method in determining the basic temperature values in buildings. The altitude and latitude affect significantly the temperature distribution in the Earth. Thus, the latitude and altitude values are required to determine the degree hour values.This study was taken in 9 provinces located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (SAR). The annual outdoor dry-bulb thermometer temperatures for a long period of nine provinces in the SAR were obtained to determine heating and cooling degree hour values according to the six different base temperatures. According to the suggested six different base temperature values, the cumulative long-term annual heating degree-hour (HDH) value was 50862 in total for Gaziantep province. The lowest cumulative long-term annual heating degree-hour value took place in Sanliurfa province as 39638. Also, the highest total cooling degree-hour (CDH) value took place in Sanliurfa province as 10886 degree-hour value and the lowest value took place in Sirnak province as 3909. It was determined that there was not an exact linear or monotonous relationship ...
The objective of the study was comparative analysis of production and technical cir-cumstances of the functioning of two producer groups aimed at pig production. A significant difference between the compared producer groups was observed, in the group from (G1) mean livestock size was 48.93 LU∙ha-1 AL. Whereas in the second group (G2), the livestock was at the level of only 19.45 LU∙ha-1 AL. Within the compared groups (G1; G2) a significant dis-crepancy between the number of some machines is noticeable, such as: manure spreader, seeder, rotary mower, collecting balers. Farms of the G2 group had more extensively equipped machine stocks and the difference primarily stems from the size of the cultivated area AL, since in the producer group of (G2) the mean AL value was 30.80 ha and only 17.30 ha in the second studied group (G1). The conducted detailed analysis allowed to demonstrate that the group from Pałecznica (G1) should be assessed as the better one in terms of the productivity of fixed resources. In this group, the fixed resource productivity index indicates, that 1.07 thousand PLN∙ha-1 AL of the production value corresponds to 1 unit of fixed resource value, i.e. 1 thousand PLN∙ha-1 AL, whereas in the compared ...
The plant material were plants of sandy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench) collected from natural locations in October 2012. Initial explants were apical buds enfolded into two leaves. Isolated explants were chemically sterilized. Reproducted shoots were divided and put into three types of mediums: medium MS (control) containing 37 mg P∙dm-3, medium MS without additive of P (0,0 mg P∙dm-3), medium MS with additional amound of P (74 mg P∙dm-3). The aim of research was to specify the influence of phosphorus content in medium for choosen growth parameters and accumulation of assimilatory pigments: chlorophyll a, b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids. Analysis of these compounds were done spectrophotometrically. The made research, proved, that the richest in mentioned substances were microseedlings growing on the medium with increased amount of phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency in medium MS had a statistically essential effect on changes in growth modifications of microseedlings of sandy everlasting (Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench). Additional amount of phosphorus in the medium had a statistically essential effect on increasing of chlorophyll a+b in comparison with plants growing on the medium MS with optimal phosphorus amount or without this element by accordinglly 36% and 23%. Moreover, it caused a growth of ...
The development of vegetation in lotic waters, including macrophytes, is determined by diverse factors, including bottom substrate, flow velocity, and the width and depth of a channel, which are hydromorphological parameters. Macrophytes are higher plants of terrestrial origin which have undergone numerous adaptations enabling them to live in water (Stańczykowska, 1975). The aim of the study was to assess the effect of selected hydromorphological parameters of a watercourse on the species composition of macrophytes. The subject of the study was the Chechło River, a left tributary of the Vistula. The study was carried out in two adjacent segments of the watercourse, according to guidelines in the Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MMOR) and elements of the River Habitat Survey (RHS). The study revealed similar hydromorphological conditions in the two segments of the river, and the variation in the species composition of macrophytes in the two segments seems to be determined by other factors which were not the subject of the study. Among these, significant factors might include regulation works or the high water levels in the Chechło resulting from the construction of an impoundment. The plants identified in the two segments of the watercourse are species occurring commonly in Poland, ...
Because of more and more frequent droughts and observed climate changes, infrastructural investments in forest are at present targeted at increasing water resources, which is realized under the so-called small-scale water retention. Forest reservoirs located in Pomorze Forest District in the north-eastern Poland, which was selected for research, fits this trend. The constructed facilities were to reduce the indications of habitat dryness and to improve fire prevention. The investment consisting in building 14 objects of water melioration has changed water conditions in the research area. 12 oak dams, stone weir and an earth pond for amphibians have been built. As a result of the realized investment, the level of water has increased and problems with periodical flooding of forest habitats have occurred. At the beginning of 2012, observational and measuring wells were created to monitor all occurring changes of the soil water table. The received data can be useful in clarifying the causes for flooding and in possible suggestions to improve the existing water conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the influence of realized investments on the changes in the level of groundwater between 2012 and 2014. ...
This paper analysed the direction and the degree of significance of changes in selected indicators of climate risk for grain maize in the long-term period of 1985-2014 for the Bydgoszcz region. On the basis of meteorological data originating from the Research Station of the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology in Mochełek, the following unfavourable weather factors for maize cultivation were determined: a shortened period of plant active growth, the occurrence of late spring ground frosts, meteorological droughts and agricultural droughts. On the basis of the research conducted, a high temporal variability was found for weather conditions that are unfavourable for maize cultivation, as such conditions occurred with varied frequency, depending on the type of the adverse factor and the assumed criterion for its determination. No significant trends were found regarding the changes in the examined climate risk indicators for production of maize grain over the period between 1985 and 2014, apart from an increase in the number of moderate and strong late spring frosts. The research demonstrated an increase in temporal variability of the length of the plant active growth period and the occurrence of moderate and strong late spring frosts, as well as a clear decrease in temporal ...
This study was aimed to conduct an analysis of the efficiency of pollutant elimination in the Dobra treatment plant, which operates based on the SBR reactor. The object purifies domestic sewage and pre-treated industrial sewage from a slaughterhouse within the Dobra municipality. The source material for the analysis comprised the values of pollution indicators: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids (TTS) in raw sewage (19 samples) and treated sewage (34 samples). The results of chemical analyses were obtained in the period 2007-2014. The results were compared with the limit values imposed by the Regulation (2014). The coefficient of reliability of the treatment plant was also calculated in this study. The average efficiency of pollutant elimination in the treatment plant was: BOD5 - 98.6%, CODCr - 94.9%, total suspended solids - 97.6%. These results demonstrate that the studied facility operates flawlessly and the treatment efficiency is high. On the other hand, the reliability coefficient values indicate that the operation of this object is unstable. ...
Eastern part of "Krzywińsko-Osiecki" Landscape Protected Area is located in central part of Wielkopolska. The land use of analyzed area is dominated by arable lands, smaller area is covered by forests. The aim of present study was to determine the current state of tourism development in Borek Wielkopolski and Piaski communes, as well as to evaluate the nature-cultural values of eastern part of "Krzywińsko-Osiecki" Landscape Protected Area. Afterwards the possibilities of tourism management were designed based on above mentioned analyses. For this purposes the calculation of tourist function's indexes, creation the map of valorization and the concept of tourism and recreation development with the aid of GIS tools were performed. The obtained results revealed, that tourist activity at Borek Wielkopolski and Piaski communes area is very low. However, eastern part of "Krzywińsko-Osiecki" Landscape Protected Area is characterized by a diversity of natural-landscape values. The proposed activities would influence on better recognition of natural values and increase of tourism attractiveness of analyzed area. Two tourist trails were proposed, as well as recreation development of water reservoir in Jeżewo and improvement of existing tourist infrastructure. ...
The increasing world population renders the developed energy sources of the industry insufficient, and existing energy sources become expensive. It is anticipated that the energy deficit will further increase in the future. Scientists are in search of new energy sources in the face of this fact. It is considered that the cattle breeding potential of the Southeastern Anatolia Region may increase both as a result of state supports and arable lands. Determining the potential biogas energy production areas of the Southeastern Anatolia Region in terms of cattle breeding is possible with the use of today's knowledge and technology. With this study, it was aimed to determine the obtainable biogas energy fields and the current situation for the provinces in the Tigris Basin (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Siirt, Batman, Sirnak). The number of cattle in the basin for 2015 was benefited from in this framework. The boundaries of the research provinces were drawn using ARCMAP 10.0 software by making geographical corrections. In order for the inquiries of each province to be made independently from other provinces, all boundaries were divided on the basis of provinces, districts and villages as separate layers. These data constitute the main material of the study. The number of ...
Real estate turnover is a spatial phenomenon, because the location of properties refers to geographic space. Transaction prices are attribute values which distribution in geographic space can be subject to an analysis. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation of transaction prices of properties permits detection of local outlier transactions, detection of clusters of high and low prices, and the assessment of the statistical significance of such clusters. Transaction prices of undeveloped properties intended for building development obtained in suburban areas, and the location of such properties may suggest the intensity of the occurring processes of functional transformations. Results of statistical analyses of the spatial distribution of unitary transaction prices of such properties may constitute an element of specific characteristic of rural communes located in the vicinity of large cities. The article presents results of the analyses and their interpretation for selected rural communes of the Otwock district. The study was conducted in the scope of research grant entitled: "Spatial analysis of undeveloped land property transactions for the purposes of prediction of unfavourable changes in land use at variance with the idea of sustainable development of suburban areas", implemented in 2015 at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University ...
The modernization of the cadastre is such a complicated and complex process that may cause many significant results. Cadastral parcel surface areas changes and changes in land use are the most important of them. These factors have also a direct influence on the real estate tax base assessment.Using materials obtained from geodetic and cartographic documentation centres, the analysis concerning the considered problem has been performed. The basic facts connected with the cadastre modernization and legal rules concerning the real estate, agricultural and forestry tax bases determination have been analysed too. It has been proved, that changes in spatial data which have arisen during the modernization of the cadastre, especially in the scope of land use, may have an essential significance for taxpayer. Performed analysis denote, that comprehensive cadastre modernization from proper Municipal and Communal Offices' point of view which are real estate tax collectors, is financially profitable enterprise. ...
Urbanisation and climate change have significant impact on disturbing water balance in catchments. Uncontrolled urban development, increased land surface sealing, and ncreasingly appearing heavy rainfall cause local inundations called rban flooding. Rational catchment water management necessitate that a new approach to the problem of flooding be introduced that includes the human factor. Greater emphasis should be placed on local management of rainfall water within tchment, especially in urban areas. What is more, it is of utmost importance to provide efficient legal system and o-operation of various authorities and decision-makers in terms of urban land use management. The present article reviews different courses of actions taken in order to improve reasonable water management in the USA, Europe, and Poland in face of climate change and urbanization that cause flooding. ...
The article presents the most important causes of energy losses in magnetic circuits of electrical machines and describes a new design of a synchronized induction motor. The basic operational parameters of two structures: induction machine with squirrel cage (IM) and newly designed machine with a rotor with permanent magnets and a copper squirrel cage (induction machine synchronized with self-starting (LSPMSM) have been identified and compared. Performance characteristics were determined for work in steady states. In both cases the stator, type Sg 100L-4B of 3 kW induction motor was used. It has been shown that the PSPMSM supplied from the public mains grid shows the efficiency approx. 5% higher than the conventional motor. The influence of the change in the supply voltage frequency on the work of both structures was tested, i.e. on the measured efficiency, power factor and the electricity from electrical grid. Studies have shown that the LSPMSM can be a replacement for an induction motor. It has been shown that the torque pulsations occurring in the new structure (cogging torque) do not increase the environmental risks. ...
The paper shows a rebuilding example of drop hydraulic structure which was changed into the block ramp hydraulic structure. Artificial roughness of a slope plate of the block ramp was reached by placing cobbles along the chute slope. The dimension of cobbles was calculated applying different methods and the optimum value for that dimension was chosen. Also the diagram of Radecki-Pawlik et al. 2015 was used. Finally we are showing the distribution of velocities and shear stresses upstream of the block ramp for exploitation and river channel bed protection reason to give the information on the possible erosion process there and seek some suggestions for river bed protections. The work was carried on in Polish Carpathians on the Brennica River. ...
