Zeszyt: 2017, vol. 14 / I / 2
Land consolidation projects are perfect tools for rural development. Land consolidation can be described as planned readjustment of land ownership patterns with the aim of creating larger and more rational land holdings. Other goals of land consolidation include infrastructural improvements and the implementation of developmental and environmental policies. Such activities have been implemented all over the world for many years. Owing to those experiences, we contribute to development of rural areas in an increasingly efficient way. Definition of innovation as well as features of the consolidation procedure and their individual character permit calling consolidation an agricultural innovation. Consolidation of agricultural land should be realized in the areas which have flaws in surface structure but which are willing to carry out the activity in their areas. The fact that the procedure of consolidation of agricultural land in Poland (financed from the European Union funds and the Budget) is free of charge should be encouraging. Is it possible to explain the spatial distribution of implemented consolidations? The study area covered Poland in general analyses, particularly the Lubelskie voivodship. The research employed the following methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature, field inventory, and research from the group of spatial-statistical approaches ...
The Land and Property Register (LPR) also called the Cadastre by the legislator should function in accordance with regulations in force, meet expectations of the public and provide universal access to Register data for its users. Beyond any doubt, credibility and usefulness of data in this public register are affected by the manner it is kept, which generally includes active and passive approach. If the LPR is kept in an active manner and constantly up to date, its data is very useful. Passive methods of keeping the LPR render record data irreversibly out of date and unreliable. The principal purpose of the paper is to assess the quality of data of a Land and Property Register and indicate that active keeping of the register is vital from the point of view of a prospective user and recipient of its data. The analysis involved data for the Michałowice commune, Małopolskie Voivodeship. Moreover, the paper suggests and presents a method that may improve validity of this public register. ...
The aim of this publication is to indicate the need for a comprehensive land consolidation and exchange works in the Małopolskie voivodship, to accelerate or supplement the modernization of EGiB. The study area is characterized by large faultiness in terms of the spatial structure of rural areas. Because the most of the plots in the area have an unfavourable geometric structure. They are scattered and fragmented, and their use is associated with obsolete technology in agricultural works, what is a major impediment in the process of rational management. In the process of modernization of land and building registry the measures to improve the spatial structure of land are not included. Procedures of modernization seem to be right only for the area covered by the influence of the Prussian cadastre. In the lands affected by the Austro-Hungarian cadastre (in the voivodeship of Malopolska) and the former Russian occupation zone (where practically cadastre did not exist) it should consider the possibility of replacing the modernization with the cadastral consolidations. Can the process of consolidation in the specified area of research be an alternative or support for the modernization process of EGiB towards the creation of full value Real Estate Cadastre in Poland? ...
This paper attempts to evaluate a year 2015 from the point of view of present and future expected climate for the purpose of agriculture production using the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov (HTC). Air temperature and total precipitation were simulated for conditions current and expected for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland, according to the GISS Scenario (which is typical for Poland assuming the CO2 concentration doubles, as is expected for the years 2050-2060). The year 2015 and two 500-year daily temperature and rainfall series were used for computing the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov, with a 30-day window for vegetation periods, from April to September. The simulated hydrothermal index was presented on a graph during the vegetation period as a course of means with standard deviations, and 50% and 90% critical area.The presented results show the year 2015 as dry or very dry within the vegetation period as well from the point of view of future climate changes according to the GISS Scenario. In case of heavy rainfall during the dry period of plant vegetation hydrothermal index show over estimation tendency ...
Farmlands occupy more than 60% of the area of Poland. However due to the country's economic development and changing social needs it occurs more frequently their exclusion from the agricultural manner of use. According to the strategic assumptions of the rural development, the rural areas should form an attractive place for work, living, leisure and conducting of agricultural or non-agricultural activities. Exclusion of the agricultural land from production means a reduction of resources of land, which is the basic fixed asset in agricultural production; therefore, it is especially important the rational management of land, taking into account the necessity to protect agricultural land.The aim of the research is to analyze the transformation of agricultural lands, which took place over the years in the selected communes of Lower Silesia. Due to the special processes which are taking place in Poland in suburban areas, selected, the communes selected for the analyses are: Wisznia Mała and Kobierzyce directly bordering Wroclaw. The reach, type and direction of the transformations was analyzed on the basis of available statements. The data were used: "Rural areas and agricultural lands in Poland. Results of inquiry analysis - 1988",registration statements from "Rural management plan of Wisznia Mała commune" (2004) ...
Searching more efficient and eco-friendly methods of metal nanoparticles synthesis, great attention is increasingly drawn by a possibility of usage some physical factors, which would be able to support the nanometals synthesis processes. The aim of the paper was to try to obtain monodisperse and stable during storage metallic nanoparticles (gold and silver). The method of chemical reduction with the use microwave radiation was conducted. Differentiating factors including the reaction conditions and the impact of selected parameters on the obtained nanomaterials were tested. The key point of the research were the spectrophotometric analysis and determination of size distribution of nanoparticles and their stability over time. In most cases, the desired product was obtained, but depending on the process conditions the nanoproducts were varied in size and stability ...
Space rural areas are subject to changes, which are conditioned by various factors, both those of an environmental nature, and those being the consequence of human activity.The study analyzed the need for: land reclamation, land consolidation, modernization and construction of roads of agricultural transport, reclamation and development of fallow land for all districts in the commune of Trzebnica (Dolnośląskie Voivodeship). It has been determined, for which villages in the commune there is a need to perform at least three of the selected rural management works. In addition, it has been selected so called depression villages that are such villages which apart from the needs for this type of works are characterized by the dominance of large farms.It has been undertaken an attempt to answer the question of whether the same areas continue to indicate defects in the organization of the agricultural area and what are the reasons for such status.It have been used the data from the interview surveys "Rural areas and agricultural land in Poland"(1988), "Agricultural space management in Trzebnica common" (1995) and „Rural management plan of Trzebnica commune" (2008).Land reclamation needs on the area of Trzebnica common are getting bigger. The necessity to carry out the works in ...
This article describes the results of the statistical analysis of the various forms of land use in the Wroclaw Functional Area. The purpose of this research was to compare the structure of land use in the communities of Wroclaw Functional Area, recognize the changes and the impact of distance from the borders of Wroclaw on that changes. It has been analyzed the land use in rural and urban - rural communities in the years 2012 - 2014. Wroclaw Functional Area is characterized by a wide variety of occurring changes. The biggest transformations relate to the municipalities located in the nearest vicinity of Wroclaw. The exceptions are the communes Wisznia Mala and Oborniki Slaskie. A significant decrease in the agricultural area was recorded in the communes of Dlugoleka and Kobierzyce. In the planning of the development of the Wroclaw Functional Area one should aim to increase the efficiency of the use of already urbanized areas. This type of approach will allow more effective protection of the agricultural and forest areas and limiting of the excessive sprawl of the suburban area of Wroclaw ...
Construction of the motorway, express road or railway line on the one hand increases its transport accessibility of the region, but on the other hand, causes a disturbance in space, in particular in the agricultural space. Land consolidation (in particular those infrastructural land consolidation) are a great tool to minimize the negative impact of the planned linear investment on a spatial structure of agricultural areas. For the occasion the legislature provided recordings in the act of land consolidation and exchange of land, which say that due to the deterioration of the land spatial distribution caused by the course of existing or under construction public roads or railway line, land consolidation procedure may be initiated ex officio proceedings. The provincial government by the law is obliged to programming of agriculture management works and to coordinate and carried out land consolidation work in the region. Malopolska Region has an extensive experience in performing of land consolidations, first and foremost based on the infrastructural land consolidation performed by The Krakow Office of Geodesy and Rural Areas under an agreement with the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways on the section some 80 km along the A4 motorway (from Wieliczka to Krzyż the ...
Land consolidations are the only agricultural management procedures which allow for positive changes in land spatial structure in a large area in a short time. Very large needs for implementation of this kind of works in Poland, in conjunction with a limited amount of funds available for this purpose, indicates the need to develop methods which in a precise way can identify areas where the implementation of land consolidation works is necessary and where this procedure can give the best results. The task of coordinating and programming agricultural management works belongs to the regional governments.Within this task, the Marshal Office of Malopolska Region commissioned the authors of this article prepares an expertise called: "Analysis of the spatial structure of the rural areas of Malopolska province in order to identifying the areas eligible to implement the land consolidation work". The aim of this study was to present for an individual registration precincts of Malopolska province, relevant information in the process of programming and preparation the agricultural management works. The results of analyzes which were made in the expertise have been published on the portal of the Spatial Infrastructure Information of Malopolska (miip.geomalopolska.pl).The aim of this paper is to present ...
The use of by-products from the production of food industry and farms hatching such as shell chicken eggs is an interesting alternative to conventional methods for the preparation of the potential implant material - calcium phosphates. Because of unique properties of hydroxyapatite such as bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductive, this material is commonly use in the medical community. The main goal of this research is development of calcium phosphate synthesis method from waste material such as eggshells. Pre-cleaned eggshells were subjected to a single-stage calcination in furnace chamber in varying temperature condition, which were intended to examine the effect of temperature on the properties of the final product. Chicken eggshells contain approx. 94% (m/m) calcium carbonate, which in the thermal process decomposed to calcium oxide. HAp synthesis was carried out by wet methods, using as a starting materials calcium hydroxide suspension obtained from calcined eggshells and solution of phosphoric acid. The obtained powders were characterized using physicochemical method to confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite ...
The theme undertaken in this article is the delimitation of landscape units and pre-determine of characteristics of the different landscapes on the example of the Wroclaw suburban zone. The study created three-level structure in which 4 types of landscape, 9 subtypes of landscape and 36 landscape units were distinguished. Each of the landscape unit has been characterized in terms of its specific components. The results are a contribution to the topic of landscape management and discuss the problem of application of these solutions on a local scale ...
According to the Act on real property management, replacement value of the property is determined in the cost approach. The estimated value of the developed land property in the cost approach takes into account, inter alia, the replacement cost of the building which based on pricebooks of works. Pricebooks contain calculated unit prices and rates related to various Polish regions. Therefore, the replacement cost is corrected using the regional indicator.The author has defined the market-based regional indicator that results from reference the replacement cost to the transaction data of properties. The article presents an algorithm for the estimation of the market-based regional indicator. The presented formulas for the analysis of variance allow to infer the degree of confidence relative to the obtained results. The considerations have been supported by the numerical example ...
The aim of this article is the analysis and assessment of spatial management in the Kielce district, focusing on the coverage of communes by current local spatial plans, taking into account the dynamics of changes that have taken place on this issue since 2005. Spatial Planning and Land Development Act of 27 March 2003 does not introduce the obligation to prepare local spatial management plans for the whole territories of cities or communes. These studies also aim to identify the factors which cause that the local spatial plans are not prepared. For the purpose of a proper and objective review of the coverage of Kielce district by local spatial management plans used method of survey research. The survey conducted in 2014 among urban planners in nineteen communes of Kielce district. This provided information about the coverage of communes by local spatial plans, the potential reasons for the lack of these plans, the number of issued in 2013 decision on land development and management conditions and extracts from local plans. This last issue indicates a recovery in the investment activity in the analyzed area ...
The biggest and basic advantage of the system of sun direct profits is a simple way it design and subsequently construction. It involves obtaining maximum solar radiation penetrating through windows and other glazed partition. The most common systems for the passive heat obtaining in buildings are the direct profits systems, thermal storage wall, conservatories.The aim of the study was to analyze three of the solutions adopted material and construction used for passive heat obtaining in solar model-timbered building in terms of energy demand for heating. The scope of research involved the making of technical documentation and non-stationary building energy analysis using computer programs. As the decisive criterion for selecting the most favorable passive solar energy obtaining system has been accepted indicator of the amount of energy you can save per 1 m2 of usable floor space.Based on the research it was found that the most effective energy solar heat obtaining system are large glass windows on the south wall of the model building. By using this solution you can reduce heating energy consumption in the model building by as much as 14% at its correct location relative to the world directions ...
A large part of Europe's area is used for agriculture, which means that agriculture has a huge impact on the environment and human activity. Soil properties have a direct impact on the size and quality of the crops. The study of soils plays an important role in agricultural production. Determination of physicochemical properties and elemental composition affects the obtained yields and the dosage of fertilizers. Soil is a diverse material, so it is important to use appropriate analytical methods. The aim of the study was to analyze selected physicochemical properties of soils and determination of selected elements. The study involved a granulometric analysis, soil moisture and pH measurement. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was chosen to determine the elemental composition, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify specific chemical groups, additionally UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used to determination of Fe2+ and P2O5 content in the tested material, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was performed to measurements of magnesium, iron and calcium concentration ...
