Zeszyt: 2016, vol. 13 / I / 1 (Mar 2016)
The paper contains information refers to the possibility of water retention in the lowland Jeziorka stream catchment. The Jeziorka stream is II order river, located entirely in the Oder valley in Lower Silesia, in the district of Środa Śląska. It is a right tributary of the Średzka Woda stream which flows into the Oder river in the region Malczyce. The characteristics of the catchment area, including its location, geological, soil and weather conditions is presented in the paper. Water resources of catchment and the groundwater depths are also described. The paper presents an inventory of existing small retention facilities in the analyzed catchment. Possibilities of water retention on the basis of the characteristics of the described area and after carefully reading the basic forms of retention is presented in the paper. Diagrams of practical use objects and conditions for water retention are described. Morphological structure of the Jeziorka catchment and analysis of source materials and topographic maps have found that the best form of water retention for this catchment is retention of riverbeds and river valleys. ...
The study contains an analysis of the use of roads in the Roztocze National Park and its lagging for tourism purposes. It was carried out using the QGIS (wersje: 2.0.1. ‘Dufour' oraz 2.8.1. ‘Wien'). Map material and data characterizing the area was obtained from the Directorate Park and Forest Districts, where forests form the lagging of the Park. The research covered an area of 46 579 ha. The tourist data was verified based on own vision and travel guides available. Data for the analysis included: more than 531 km of forest roads, more than 227 km of public roads, more than 1621 km of internal roads, more than 320 km of touristic trails (walking, biking, horse riding and educational paths) and 48 of point objects. The first part of the analysis was to determine the common part of the touristic trails of all types with the types of roads highlighted in the documentation. The second part of the analysis was to create around a selected point objects (6 objects for the Park and 6 objects for the lagging) circular zone with a radius of 500 m, then calculates the degree of use of the roads in these areas for tourism ...
Disposable resources in the vegetation periods are usually insufficient for realization the intensive form of irrigation in small agricultural catchments in lowlands areas. Assurance of proper amount of water for agricultural use, with more and more competition of the others users, become a serious problem. The field investigations, carried out in Samotwór in years 1994-2008 in direction of rational water management, proved that due to application the suitable and a whole year's exploitation of weir on the main stream, the disposable soil water resources can be effectively increased. In order to assessment the effectiveness of realized damming up the water, the measurements of soil water reserves in characteristic layers were done on areas with differentiated water retention of soils and situated on drained fields and fields uncovered by draining system. The researches proved that proposed way of improvement the water balance in the catchment brings the measurable effects in profitable forming of soil water content. Applied method of retention of water allows on effective keeping the water after periods with "excess" (thaw, high precipitation) and using the water in "deficit" periods (without precipitation). The investigations also showed that the effectiveness of improvement of the soil retention was explicitly higher on ...
The purpose of the studies was to assess environmental contamination alongside railway lines in the suburbs of Warsaw by determining the concentrations of selected heavy metals in surface layer of soil as well as moss (Pleurozium schreberi). The studies were conducted in the southern part of Warsaw (central Poland) in three sampling points: before the railway station, and after the station to the northbound. Soil and moss samples were taken from each of these sites at distances of 1, 10, 20 and 30 m from the railroad. Heavy metals were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The highest Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb contents in soil were found 1 m from the railroad at each of the analyzed sites. pH was lowest at 30 m (sampling points A and B), and highest at 1 m whilst EC value was highest in sampling point A (near railway station). Maximum contents of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni) in Pleurozium schreberi moss were most often present in the direct proximity of the railroad tracks. ...
The research was carried out on the section of the watercourse located in the village Mostowo. Watercourse flows through the pipe at a certain distance. The study was carried out on the uncanalized part with length of 1022 m. At this section the three measuring points were established. Bottom sediments were analyzed for the contents of selected heavy metals, such as: Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Using the maximum concentrations of heavy metals in the analyzed sediment samples the evaluation of watercourse sediment contamination was done. The aim of the study was the assessment of sediments contamination and indication on possibilities of their utilization. The obtained results indicate that the highest concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments were in samples taken from a point located near the business buildings, allotments and near the seed headquarters (P-1) in a layers 5-10 and 20-30 cm. The results indicate that the studied sediments differently accumulated the heavy metals depending on the location of sampling points. That accumulation can be expressed by different series of heavy metals concentration in the sediment. For the point P 1 it takes the following form: Zn> Pb> Cu> Cr> Ni> Co> Cd, for the point ...
In Polish climatic conditions rainfall constitutes the main source of water for vegetation. The climate of Poland is characterized by high temporal and spatial variation. The total amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation show significant variability. The aim of the study was to analyze spatial changeability of rainfall in Central Poland. Data concerning rainfall were collected during the vegetative seasons of April - October in years 2013 - 2015. Analysis of the results confirms the observation which states that there is a great spatial variability of sum of precipitation, its maximum amount and intensity as well as the length of dry and rainy periods. Significant differences were observed between the stations located very close to each other. On the basis of obtained results it is stated that the rainfall must be measured directly on the area for which the water balance is to be estimated. ...
The aim of the paper was to study an initial evaluation of flood risk of Dłubnia river catchment, on section from its sources to Zesławice reservoir. The aim was realized basis on calculations of flows with probability of exceedance in eight cross-sections on Dłubnia river and its inflows. In these cross-sections a group of authors is planning installation of automatic water stage stations. In two of them in autumn of 2014, there were already installed devices for automatic water stage measurement. In all cross-sections, basis on made geodesic measurements, the maximum capacity was made, which was then compared with values of flow with probability of exceedance. Got results were basis to study an initial evaluation of flood risk in Dłubnia river catchment. It was shown, that flows with probability of exceedance equal 20% are not within in the stream channel and its inflows, what signalizes a flood risk. ...
The Ełk subregion is located in the eastern part of the Warmia and Mazury province and includes six counties: ełcki, giżycki, gołdapski, olecki, pisk and węgorzewski. The agrotouristic base in this subregion in 2013 consists of 265 farms with the total number of 3190 beds within 1135 rooms. Majority of these farms were located in the giżycki and piski county - together 159 farms - what gives 60% of total farms number. The farms with only rooms combined with bathrooms accounted for 57%. The food services were provided in 124 farms (47%). Bikes were in the 170 farms (64%).Close to one-third of agrotouristic providers had also water sports equipment (31% of all farms), and one fourth horses for recreation purposes. Basketball, badminton and table tennis had more than 50 farms, however, the golf course and tennis court have only a few farms. The selected place for fire / grill and fireplace room were in almost all farms, and a children's playground were found in 70% of the agrotouristic service providers. Horse riding lesions were possible only in 4 farms. While the course of sailing and nordic walking was possible only in several farms. The EU subventions, within PROW 2007-2013 program, ...
The issue of climate change and as a consequence of these changes in extreme weather events are currently the subject of many studies and actions of governments in dealing with phenomena occurring. Rural areas and production takes place in these areas in Poland depends mainly on natural weather conditions, it causes that the farmers are often large financial losses because of extreme weather. Insurance packages offered by the company are expensive, so farmers use them piecemeal, or not at all. The article about the financial losses that took place in 2010-2014 in the 60 municipalities of the Warmia and Mazur Region. In relation to each municipality collected 20 geo-information describing spatial conditions, environmental and economic (financial losses). By using the method of moving backward regression and correlation analysis were obtained four independent variables affecting the size of the resulting losses. These include: surface on which the loss occurred, the surface of which is used for agriculture - divided on plowed land and meadows and pastures, and the rate of water conditions. Last variable speaks of the capacity of soil to accumulate water, thus is important in times of small amounts of rainwater. The study exacerbate the problems associated with ongoing ...
The article presents an analysis and assessment of the environmental effects arising from the implementation of the municipality's spatial policy, including the consequences related to the adoption of the local development plan and urban planning of the municipality to the Natura 2000 area. In particular, the authors focused on how both zones cover each other. This was made with GIS tools in QGIS programme. On the other side, the article presents the estimation of ecological aspects of Natura 2000 localisation combined with the spatial local development plan arrangements. The estimation was made using SWOT analysis, which enables entirety and authentic analysis. There were defined four groups of features: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. All of the features were estimated with values. The SWOT analysis was adopted to estimate the ecological aspects which are to see as consequences of spatial policy in the commune level. This make possible to choose the most optimal strategy, to use by the commune to be noticed during the spatial policy process in case of ecological area localisation. ...
The article contains evaluation of functionality of sewage treatment plant in Jasło for multiplicity 2010 - 2014. On the basis of the results raw and cleaned sewage physico-chemical analysis, the efficiency of sewage treatment, coefficient of technological reliability, technological efficiency of sewage treatment and risk of the negative assessment of work of sewage treatment plant, were obtained, for following pollutions indicators: total suspended solids, BOD5, CODCr, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.Based on obtained results its conclude the average reduction of pollution on level below 90%. Only for total nitrogen the average reduction is lower and is on level 77%. Based on other values of indicators of reliability work of sewage treatment plant its conclude that the tested sewage treatment plant may be certified to operate in high quality and the sewage treated by this plant doesn't threaten the collector of the treated sewage. ...
The article discusses the problems of reclamation and redevelopment of degraded land in Poland. Conducting corrective activities, related to land reclamation, remains the manifestation of care for the environment and has impact on reducing negative human influence on the environment. The measures used for this purpose should compensate for the lost values. Planning any corrective activities in degraded areas should take place at the earliest possible stage for the reclamation processes to function properly. The problems related to degraded and devastated areas, requiring reclamation or reclaimed and later developed, were analyzed in detail based on the available data about the size of degraded areas. Attention was paid to the size of the discussed phenomenon occurrence in order to determine the scale of the problem, having considered its spatial aspect. The conducted analysis also consisted in specifying activities as a result of which the largest degraded area is created, as well as identifying the leading directions of such reclamation. The article presents an attempt to answer the question about the approach towards reclamation activities in recent years in Poland. ...
The aim of the local study and chemical analyses was identification of the impact of transport pollution connected with removing winter ice and snow from the roads on roadside plants and soils. The study was conducted near the main road no 12 in central Poland, in 4 locations. Plants and soil along the roads are particularly exposed on many stresses and injuries. As consequence of long time of application salts to maintain safe driving conditions on the road, side soil is exposure for contamination and high accumulation of sodium and chloride ions. During the experiment soil and leaves samples were taken for chemical analysis and EC or pH determination. Observation of trees and leaf-blade damage were also made. High soil salinity an pH were observed in the direct roadside. Values are decreasing when the distance from the road curb is increasing. In case of salinity data are becoming statistically not important at 7-8 m from the road curb. Whereas pH values of soil samples from the field are acidity compared to samples taken from the roadside that are alkaline. The results indicate that sodim chloride de-icing affects of sodium downloading by the native species of trees grown along the road ...
The article contains analysis and evaluation of the impact of clean sewage on sewage treatment plant in Myślenice, in the period 2008 - 201,1 on the physico-chemical composition and water quality of the receiver - river Raba. The analysis conducted based on collected and statistical research: amount and composition of clean sewage and composition of the water receiver in cross-section: Stróże (above of inflow clean sewage) and Osieczany (below of inflow clean sewage). The following pollution index were tested: total suspended solids, BOD5, CODCr, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Based on obtained results its concluded that in period 2008 - 2011 sewage treatment plant was working properly, what explain quality of clean sewage. What reflected in directly protection of receiver water against pollution. Moreover, based on the results of U Mann Whitney test, concluded that in the both cross-section, composition of the water of Raba river was similar, what explain the results of this test, which didn't show statistically significant differences between average values of concentrations analyzed indicators of pollutions. Based on obtained results its concluded that sewage treatment plant in Myślenice doesn't negatively impact on quality of the water receiver -Raba river. ...
