Zeszyt: 2012, vol. 9 / 02 / 2 (Jun 2012)
This paper presents the proposal of the methodology of elaborating static satellite observations executed when installing points of measurement control net-work from the moment of obtaining satellite observations from the receiver to gaining final coordinates in the currently mandatory frames of reference. It is an elementary geodetic task on which many works in the broad scope of activity depend (measurements, designs, execution of engineering objects, updating of maps, building spatial and geographic information systems). The elaboration of observations began with the processing of binary obser-vations directly from GNSS satellite receiver used for observations saved in a uni-versal format of Rinex files. At the second stage, the goal was to refer the executed control measurements to the uniform frames of reference. Observations were sup-plemented with data from referential stations of the ASG-EUPOS system. Then on the basis of post-processing, all satellite observations were processed for the rele-vant pairs of points and vectors of Cartesian coordinates (∆X, ∆Y, ∆Z) were cal-culated with errors in their designation. At the next stage, a detailed diagnosis of vectors was conducted for the actual quality evaluation of the obtained observation material in order to eliminate vectors burdened with large errors. Following these activities, vectors of GPS ...
Elaboration presents the purpose and scope of activities performed during the project TERYT, which is one of the major projects implemented in Poland, whose costs are covered by European Union money. The main stages of work car-ried out, the area which they are subject to development and the main requirements to be met by the contractor. On the Polish map presents the division of various stages of work, and then in the tabular statement presents quantitative data on units and precincts registration under study in subsequent sections of the project. Presents the basic assumptions that must be met when analyzing and collecting data on the course boundaries, the data source, and the importance of the execution of the work for administrative units. It shows the importance they have carried out works to enrich the information contained in the National Register of Borders. ...
This article presents the results of the general comparison of the adminis-tration responsible for rural furnishing in Poland and Federal Republic of Ger-many. Author discusses the various institutions involved in the process of land consolidation in both countries, their tasks and interrelationships. In the second part of the article author compares the two systems. As a result of the analysis of the law on land exchange and consolidation and the federal law on rural furnishing can be observed significant differences between the competencies and structure of the administration responsible for rural furnishing in both countries.The main difference is the degree of concentration of powers. In Poland we have incomprehensible dispersion of powers between the Marshall of the Voivodeship (regional level), the Starosta (county level) and the Voivode (government representative in the region) and a host of other legal persons, which effectively complicates the implementation of land consolidation. While in the FRG they are concentrated under one authority. ...
In the article there was described the example of using ground radar inter-ferometry technique for landslide's monitoring. Monitored object is located in Milówka (Poland). Author described shortly the causes of landslide occurring and the geological elements of typical landslide. Reference was made to monitoring surveying techniques according to characterization of used technique. Ground ra-dar interferometry technique allows us to determine displacement of never before seen precision, in a real time and without the need to enter the monitored object. Possibilities of using ground radar interferometry has been tested by performing several measurement series in two days. For example, the displacement of measurements can be concluded that the use of ground radar interferometry allows to determine the displacement of a millimeter accuracy, while reducing the measurement time, limit the composition of the team qualified for the measurement of one person and get immediate occurring value of displacements. Acquisition and analysis of data in real time creates the potential for warning about the loss of soil stability, which is certainly important for the safety of residents and their homes were located in the landslide areas. ...
In recent years there has been rapid development of computer technology giving us new possibilities of digital description of surrounding reality. Computer analysis of the attributes of parcels can be very useful in defining indicators un-derlying planning of furnishing and agricultural. These analyses help to properly plan the harmonious development of landscape and pick out areas for various types of investments. Creating a modern decision-making support systems that collect data and monitor changes in the space surrounding us, brings tangible economic benefits and positively affects the appropriate development of the space around us. ...
Dynamic development of some rural areas creates the necessity to look for tools of its "regulation". Existing planning and strategic tools should be complemented with spatial capacity indicators. The goal of establishing those indicators is assurance of non-deterioration of rural environment conditions, and in the areas of natural value the state of natural environment. They may be helpful in implementation of the idea of sustainable development in rural areas. The possibility of adequate indices assignment depends on long-term systematic and complex data collection in order to follow changes, examine dependencies between indices and find existing regularities. Designation of indices on the basis of analysis of widely available statistic data in not entirely possible. The area of research is the municipality of Milicz where 79,3% of the total area comprises the Natural Landscape Park "Dolina Baryczy". ...
The land consolidation is a several scheduled organizational and technical activities taked into consideration the conditionings: natural, economic, legal and social, for adjusting space structure for requirement of rational usage rural areas. Otherwise the main aim of land consolidations is improvement life conditions as well as work conditions of village people taking into account areas protection where they works. Environment protection is important factor or necessity in view of the areas where there are no interfere into nature are still decrease. Above 90% of Poland are rural areas so existing economy has influencing for nature in such terrain. Because this areas are decreasing and without it it's difficult to live for the human and another human being it's very important to protect this areas via carrying activities, among others through land consolidations which will not suc-ceed of the all ecosystem's elements. Functioning of the people on rural areas is tightly connected to transform of that space towards one's own needs, thru rational management. But reasonable housekeeping it is correct location of rural areas which is difficult to achieve without properly infrastructure designed. This infra-structure enable moving - through roads, allow to lead proper water economy - drainage ditches and also ...
The monitoring of the terrain subdued to landslide processes is necessary for the safety of the objects within that area. This article presents the description and the results of the measurement studies to optimise surveying technologies of the observations of ground deformations in the area subdued to landslide processes with the use of rosettes. The measurements were carried out with the use of three instruments (total stations: TCA 2003, TCR 303, TC 407) on the test field. Based on the carried out studies, the optimal way and instruments were selected for the potential use in the observations on the actual area subdued to the landslide processes. ...
Each investment, regardless of the size and kind, causes changes in its en-vironment. Some of them are perceived as negative changes, e.g. location of an industrial plant in the vicinity of residential estates, while others have an immense positive influence on the surroundings, which affects price levels and the activity of the local real property market in consequence. It is known that the construction and development of the transportation network is decisive for the economic development of a given region or even country. This paper involved research leading to the verification of the above theses. The village of Świniarsko in the municipality of Chełmiec was chosen as an area for research. In July 2008, the construction of the ring road in Stary Sącz and the bridge on the Dunajec river were completed. This change in the transportation system gave new transport links to the villages and towns lying on the left bank of the river. Świniarsko is the nearest village to Stary Sącz and Nowy Sącz and the road being an extension of the ring road goes through this village. As a result of research conducted on the data collection containing transaction prices of undeveloped land properties intended for single-family ...
Nowadays, there are many various algorithms used to transform spatial data between coordinate systems 1965 and 2000. Ideal algorithm should be: con-tinuous, accurate, fast, easy to use even not by professionals. It should model dis-tortion of the coordinate system on both: high and low classes networks. Some of widely used algorithms guarantee continuous results over whole zone of 1965 but do not include local distortions of lower classes networks. The most popular ex-ample is "empirical" transformation algorithm, which fits to first and second class networks with few centimeter accuracy. On the other hand, surveyors often use lo-cally fitted transformation which allows to achieve high accuracy but causes an inconsistency between two independently transformed areas. The possible solution is the grid of shifts between coordinate systems. This algorithm is, already used in many countries (for example: USA, Canada, France) but has not been applied in Poland yet. In this article some methods of creation such grid are discussed and various tests on empirical data are described. Results show that it is desirable to create such grid on whole area of Poland. ...
The aim of this study is to propose methods for accelerating and simplifying procedures of the preparatory process in highway construction, coupled with the process of land consolidation and exchange. The methods should reduce the cost of preparing the project, and increase the social acceptance of its implementation.The investigations cover two villages crossed by the A4 highway Kraków-Tarnów: Brzezie (Kłaj community) and Zakrzów (Niepołomice community), located in wielicki district.The study was performed in accordance with applicable laws, based on the results of property valuations, project of geodetic plot division, and the report on impact of project on the natural environment. The part of the project was a ques-tionnaire survey of the two investigated villages inhabitants. It concerned the evaluation of work and the way of acquisition the land for the highway.The study proposes the method of parallel proceedings in obtaining land and near-highway areas arrangement. It is possible to perform while conducting the land consolidation work, and organizational and legal proceedings to acquire land for the highway. It creates the opportunity to acquire the land at lower price. The savings could be allocated to cover the costs of land consolidation and subsequent arrangement works. ...
Article presents an analysis of the municipalities in Poland in terms of planning studies performed: study of conditions and directions of spatial man-agement and local development plan. It also studied the costs of preparation or revision of planning documents in different provinces of Poland. The paper analyze the general characteristics of issued positive decisions concerning the location of public purpose investment, also issued decisions of zoning and land development. Study covered the period 2004-2010 based on data of Central Statistical Office derived from questionnaires "Local planning in municipalities". ...
GPS System created in the 1970s through satisfactory precision, becomes a convenient measurement tool. Use of GPS instruments gives a benefit in the form of comfort work and shorten the time of surveyor work. Thanks to satellite, in con-venient terrain condition it is no longer needed the establishment of new control points and the use of tacheometer. In this publication an example of the use RTK technique in determination of damages cansed by flood was presented. Object test bench is destroyed by flood in May of 2010, ring road of Ropczyce city. The inventory of flood damage in this case have been used precision instruments GPS Leica, GPS 1200 and GNSS Leica SmartRover 1200 GS09. The methodology of work with inventory adjustments was to use two different ways, depending on the nature of the loss, described in detail in section 3. As a result of the measurements obtained coordinates for spatial point, de-termining the location and shape of the losses in revetments and scarps. On their basis, using C-Geo calculated the volume of earth-masses of each of the losses. The reasoning followed during this calculation was made conditional on the type and nature of the loss. This problem is described ...
The aim of this study was to show an optimum land use, using Bajerowski's method. It was applied to the east area of Pustynia village, situated in Podkarpackie province.The first part contains a presentation of the analyzed area, its natural con-ditions, landscape and life. The second part characterizes the current state of analyzed land and presents an optimal land use structure, together with the transformations to be made within the studied area. According to the Bajerowski's method, in order to determine the optimal condition, the study area was divided into 122 grid squares, called basic fields. Each field was studied, in terms of cha-racteristics, established in the method. The achieved results show, that the studied object is currently a typical agricultural village with 68.5% of arable land. Ac-cording to the obtained optimal land use structure it is the most valuable condition for the analyzed land. ...
In the paper author take into consideration the impact of electromagnetic field to the results of geodetic measurements using the techniques of satellite data acquisition. This publication is the first of the articles thematically related to this issue, which will be published in the near future by the author.The measurements were made in close proximity of overhead line electrifi-cation of the high and medium voltage. In connection with the activity of this line (power flow) - certainly it can be concluded that the studies were carried out in the scope of action of a strong stream of electromagnetic field. The work of the field have been preceded by reconnaissance, which consisted of a number of operations aimed at the selection of the optimal space measuring base assumptions. To measure the tacheometer of database uses the following instruments: Topcon GTS 211D and South NTS 325. Observation satellite method of RTK, were made possi-ble by the set measurement company Topcon in composition, which included a GPS receiver GR-3. Data from measurements have been developed with the use of WinKalk and spreadsheets.The final result of the work carried out was the comparison of the average coordinate RTK and tacheometer measurements. Obtained results are ...
Continuous development of geoinformatic technics increases the demand for up-to-date and precise data describing the terrain configuration. Application of the digital photogrammetry enables connection and analysis of data obtained by different methods. The paper presents possibility of integration of data obtained from airborne laser scanning, and from aerial photos made by DMC digital camera for generating DTM for Chańcza water reservoir area . On investigated area five representative test areas were determined, and for them an experiment connected with height analysis and integration of photogrammetric and lidar data was performed. Test areas included : agricultural areas (arable fields) - flat area, built-up area with roads network, terrain of diverse vertical configuration, affore-sted area, and river valley.Integration of lidar and photogrammetric data requires input to the project on photogrammmetric digital station DELTA, text files containing DTM in GRID structure generated in TerraScan and analysis the accuracy of these two methods integration. Analysis was performed for mentioned above test areas taking into account determined during investigations lengths of triangle sides (2 m, 15 m, 45 m, 70 m) during GRID generation by the method of triangulation. ...
Mining activities negatively impact on the environment. One of the major forms of this influence is the formation of geodetic points displacements. Land parcel boundary points can move up to several meters as a result of exploitation. By using predictive models of deformation, displacements caused by mining can be calculated. A commonly used method for predicting deformations in Poland is theory of Knothe-Budryk. Movements for the mining field in the shape of a rectangle in this theory is determined in accordance with formulas (6)-(9). The paper presents an example of the mining impact on the points horizontal displacements. Figure 2 shows an example of the distribution of the maximal horizontal dis-placements over mining field. Figure 3 shows the horizontal displacement boundary points of two sample parcels. A single mining exploitation can generate significant value of displacements. Example posted in the paper shows how important are displacements caused by mining activities to engage in registration of land and buildings in Poland. ...
The object of study is an attempt to find the interrelationship between the Sectoral Operational Programme and the furnishing of rural areas. This work was raised on sustainable rural development and information on funding joining work in some of the village in podkarpackie province. The elaboration focuses primarily on the problem to illustrate the impact of the Sectoral Operational Programme for Polish agriculture, taking into account its various activities. Most attention was given to joining and exchange of land. ...
The article describes the results of research into the possibility of the use of spatial data available in the centers of geodetic and cartographic documentation for the modeling and visualization of rural areas, as well as the procedure to be followed from the analysis of spatial data available through their acquisition, ve-rification and processing procedure for modeling and visualization. ...
The paper shows how to conduct a comprehensive study of the accuracy of the measurements made with an electronic total station TRIMBLE 5602 DR 200 +. The results of the measurements of lenghts, horizontal angles and elevations were examined.Measurements were performed on a test network of the Agricultural University in Krakow and the results of mathematical statistics methods have been developed to detect the presence of any irregularities in them. Statistical surveys of these three groups of measurements were performed in order to check if their distributions of errors correspond to the normal distribution. This determines the accuracy of test measurements and the usefulness of the tested total station for the performance surveying. To study the accuracy of length measurements a statistical ABBE test of compliance were used.Measurements of angular and elevations were tested using the test of identity:- for measuring of horizontal angles MANN-WHTNEY-WILCOXON test was used- for measurements of elevations - SERIES test To verify the results of these three statistical tests - all measuring groups were studied with tests parameters.1/ S-factor asymmetry (skewness) 2/ e - flattening factor (excess, newfangled). From the measurements and statistical studies drew the conclusions on the correctness of the results ...
