Water plays an important role in the processes present in ecosystems, and constitutes the essential abiotical part of the environment. As a resource which is renewable and changeable in time, the water performs numerous management functions. The nature of those particular functions requires that water is not only protected from contamination, but also economically managed as well. The qualitative and quantitative protection of water resources constitutes and integral part of environmental protection. The present paper describes water-sewage management in Drwinia Commune in Krakow Region (Bochnia Powiat). Particular emphasis is laid on correct management of the water resources available, the quality of surface and underground water resources and the sewage management. The assessment of water management is preceded by the description of the commune itself, in terms of its local development, demography, usage and climate. By analysing the data, it has become possible to state that, although Drwinia Commune possesses sufficient water resources (except for drought periods), the quality of such resources allows them neither to be used for drinking purposes - without prior treatment - nor for farm use. The water resources available include in first row flowing surface waters and underground quaternary waters. The lack of sufficiently developed water ...
The aim of this paper was to evaluate peat cover and water retention of the peat deposits in the Warta river basin. The total water resources of 972 peat deposits on the investigated area, considering water capacity index between 0,75 - 0,95, were calculated to 267,6 mln m3, and peatlands area index was β = 1,7%. Corrected inventory materials of peatlands in Poland were used for calculation. In terms of geology, among lowland bogs alder swamp-forest peat dominate (Alneti) and sedge peat (Cariceti) and sedge-reed peat (Cariceto Phragmiteti). Peat deposits of fluviogeneous and topogeneous alimentation prevail. Considering peatlands multifunctional importance, regional economy should always take notice of their hydrological function. ...
In the study, it was pointed to a small utilisation of potential agricultural productivity in Poland (on average, around 62%), under the conditions of existing water deficiencies. Results of the study confirm that using new technologies and rational management, plant yields harvested can be higher than average ones in the region (in winter wheat growing by 14,7 dt•ha-1, i.e. by 37,1%) and be close to the potential yields. Higher crops growing intensity results in an improved water use efficiency.In water management aiming at increase of water resources, agricultural retention play an important role (so called "small retention"), which is made up of soil retention and landscape retention. Increasing the water retention by only 1% in the studied "Rów Wyskoć" mikrocatchment, in Wielkopolska region, would decrease the annual water discharge from this catchment by 4% and it would amount to 8.9% of the discharge during the vegetation period (IV-IX). Different agrotechnical measures of increasing soil retention were discussed as well as the effect of cropping pattern and nonagricultural elements on the water retention of the landscape were considered.
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The results of works on the study of the flood protection for Strzelin voivod ship are presented in the paper. More in detail the conditionings connected with the principles of the modern water policy and methodical aspect of the study are discussed. Rational management of water resources is in accordance with the act from 18 July 2001 Water Law (Dz. U. z 2005 r. Nr 239, poz. 2019 z późn. zm ) one of the cornerstones of sustainable development. The main goal of water management programs is to ensure an adequate water quantity and quality for the population, and to floods and drought protection as well as improvement the status of aquatic ecosystems. Components of such programs is to update the surface impoundment, then the development of flood protection schemes, and estimation of investment needs for irrigation. Condition of flood hazard arising from the possibility of flooding of both rainfall and snowmelt, occurs practically for the whole of Lower Silesia. On the other hand, causing declining water resources to focus on cost-effective water resources management and to draw attention to the potential lying in the small retention.This paper describes some elements of water management plan in a basin of the ...
Nowadays the increasing number of animal enterprising depending on the needs of human population growth and nutrition need that was occurred during the production of animal breeding have revealed the manure issue. Manure from animal barn, when not stored properly, causes environmental problems including odour and visual pollution, and could create environmental pollution problems. On the other hand, random storage of manure on the land outside animal barn as a result of climate parameters such as rainfall results in leakage of manure and can cause contamination of water resources. In Turkey, animal manure obtained from animal barns is almost not utilized and is accumulated outside. Manure which is produced in animal barn to be used for agricultural purposes must be stored in the areas which prevent the spread of in the environment . Thus, the loss of minerals in the soil plant available forms are contained in manure, will be prevented. In addition, due to the nutrients and microorganisms, surface and underground water resources can be a factor in polluting and may create a risk to animal health and environmental pollution. The study has been carried out by determining the 4950 cattle breeding en-terprises around the Eğirdir, Beyşehir Burdur ...
The thesis characterizes water and sewage management of Dolnośląska rural municipality of Oleśnica (oleśnicki district). In particular, the proper exploitation of available water resources, water quality and sewage management have been taken into account. Analysis of the data has enabled it to conclude that Oleśnica municipality has sufficient resources of the groundwater, of quaternary deposits and their quality makes it possible to use them, after treatment, as the source of potable water. In terms of technical infrastructure, Oleśnica municipality is characterised by a very well developed network of water supply, covering all settlement units. Sewage infrastructure is poorly developed. The sewage network is not fully implemented in most parts of the municipality. The problem of sewage treatment in Oleśnica municipality is temporarily solved through subsidies for the construction of domestic biological sewage treatment systems and through emptying holding tanks by septic tankers. Sewage is transported to the communal treatment plant. There is a risk of contamination of water in the Municipality. Sources are mainly agriculture and socio-economic activities, but also low environmental awareness of the residents. There are cases of detecting leaking tanks and of sewage discharging to side ditches, onto the fields or to local watercourses. Municipal authorities ...
Poland is considered to have scarce water resources and to be one of the few countries in Europe which are in danger of a water deficit. Surface water resources in the Lubelskie Province are significantly lower than the country's average and are among the lowest in Poland. This calls for sustainable and sparing water-resources management, combined witch particularly intensive protection of their quality and quantity. The most successful and effective way of forming water resources is surface-water retention aimed at mitigating the water deficit, especially in periods of drought. Catering for the continuously-growing food demand is a primary objective for agriculture in Poland and in the Lubelskie Province (good types of soil). The drainage infrastructure and hydro-engineering buildings are the key factors in increasing the efficiency of production. It allows the sustainable use of water circulation in an environment shaped by man for agricultural purposes. The article includes the condition, selected examples of, and the requirements for, the hydro-engineering buildings to be used in drainage systems for sustainable water management in agriculture.
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The quantitative and qualitative state of water resources in Poland were presented in the paper. Discussed were selected factors shaping changes of water quality, including: improvement in sewage treatment balance, increase in the sewage system length, increase in the population number using sewage treatment plants, diminished outflow of organic substances and biogens in treated sewage. Presented state of water purity in Poland indicates, that despite improving quality, their state is still bad and the date when the desired state may be reached is still distant. The needs of municipal economy were presented against the state of water management, including the characteristics of selected systems of waterworks and sewage disposal systems development during the period of the last two decades, indicating the specific character of these systems in rural areas. ...
