In the contribution is submitted proposal of the vessel construction for water for industrial use. For heating is being used the secondary heat from the cooling system. More frequent utilization of this energy is limited of present by two facts: 1. The cooling devices contain toxic charge and therefore the pipeline for cooling medium passing through must not be in direct contact with the heated water for hygiene and safety reasons. 2. Sufficient thermal difference for effective heat sharing is possible only when the cool water is supplied to the place of heating.The suggested construction solves both these problems. The primary pipeline with ammonia is located on the container outer side into other heat-carrying protective medium. The inner arrangement provides the isothermal water stratification in container. In to the container is located the insert from non-conductive material with outer dimension smaller than the inner diameter of container. This enables formation of the slot filled by the heated water. Between the hot water in the slot and cold water inside the vessel creates the pressure difference, heated water rises into the upper part of the container and cold water is sucked into the slot from the bottom. Within the heating almost ...
The article presents results of analyses concerning the influence of air temperature on the sewage temperature in the household sewage treatment plant. Each of the objective treatment plants (4 of them) consisted of the septic tank and vertical flow sand filter. The research was carried out from March 2003 to May 2006. Air temperature, raw sewage temperature (flowing into the septic tank), primarily treated sewage (after the septic tank) and treated sewage (on the out-flow from the septic tank) temperature was measured. The influence of the sur-rounding temperature on the raw sewage, primarily treated sewage and treated sewage temperature was statistically analyzed. On the basis of the research it was ascertained, that the temperature of the raw, primarily treated and treated sewage is influenced by the air temperature. ...
The performed study aimed to determine the effect of sewage temperature in bioreactors on pollution discharges measured by the BOD5, COD and total ni-trogen indexes. The research was carried out in a municipal sequential batch re-actor (SBR) treatment plant. The discussed treatment plant is located in Książ Wielki commune in Miechów district in Lesser Poland voivodeship. Households from two villages: Książ Wielki and Wielka Wieś discharge their sewage into the analysed treatment plant. An average of 100 to 110 m3•d-1 of sewage constituting nearly 50% of the designed hydraulic load of this object was discharged into the treatment plant during the study period. Temperature measurements and sewage sampling for physicochemical analyses were performed for 24 months in 2007 and 2008. Twenty four sewage samples were collected with a frequency of once per month. The lowest sewage temperature in the bioreactor during the study period was 7.1°C, whereas the highest temperature reached 18.8°C. Therefore, the sew-age temperature amplitude in the bioreactor was 11.7°C. Low sewage temperature below 10°C occurred from December to April. Lower efficiency of neutralisation of the 3 analysed pollution indexes was observed in this period. The carried out research revealed average relationship between the sewage temperature in the ...
The paper presents the impact of the temperature of raw sewage on the effects of poluttants removal in biological treatment plant in Ludwin. The plant includes four ponds: (1) an anaerobic pond, (2A) an aerated pond with biological plunged bed, (2B) an aerated pond, (3) a sediment pond. In the years 2008-2010 organic poluttant removal effeciency, expressed as BOD5 and CODCr indices and total nitrogen and total phosphorus were analyzed. The entire system of wastewa-ter ponds is able to achieve a BOD5 reduction of aproximately 90% anad CODCr reduction 75%. Lower treatment effects for total phosphorus and total nitrogen were found (respectively 65% and 32%). Statistical analysis showed a clear influ-ence of the wastewater temperature on total nitrogen and total phosphorus re-moval. There was no significant correlation beetwen the wastewater temperature and the reduction of BOD5 and CODCr. ...
This paper attempts to evaluate expected climate changes for the purpose of irrigating plants using the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov (HTC). Air temperature and total precipitation were simulated for conditions current and expected for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland, according to the GISS Scenario, HadCM3 and GFDL (which is typical for Poland assuming the CO2 concentration doubles, as is expected for the years 2050-2060). Four 500-year daily temperature and rainfall series were used for computing the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov, with a 30-day window for irrigating periods, from April to September. The simulated hydrothermal index was presented on a graph during the vegetation period as a course of means, with critical area, standard deviations and probabilities of medium dry, dry, very dry and extremely dry periods.The presented results show changes of average hydrothermal index (up to a 30 per cent drop) in considered periods and scenarios, as well as a 15 per cent variance increase (except GISS scenario). During the four critical months of the year, the estimated probability of extremely dry periods occurring (HTC<0.4) shows two, three and four times the risk of drought for the GISS Model E, HadCM3 and GFDL-R15 scenarios respectively. ...
An important effect of temperature increase due to global warming is the possibility of decreasing agricultural efficiency of atmospheric precipitation as well as the change in the fundamental components of water balance due to increase in evaporation, which is accompanied by the absence of clear precipitation trends in the temperate European zones. The subject of this article is to determine the values of atmospheric precipitation, which during the drought phase should be supplemented with irrigation values so that it does not lower the moisture of the active soil layer in terms of the recent mean levels. We should also take into account different temperature scenarios (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0°C). The multiple-step regression model that has been calculated taking into account the level of soil moisture, air temperature and precipitation indicates that for a mean 10-day period (decade) during the growing season (April-October) the values obtained are 2.2, 3.6 and 5.2 mm, as well as 46, 76 and 109 mm in the entire growing season respectively. This particular model was devised for the city of Poznan and its vicinities, which is situated in north-western Poland. ...
The aim of this study was to determine of influence of atmospheric precipitations in flow to sewer system on temperature and the amount of raw sewage flowing into the sewage treatment plant. Studies carried out in the sewer system with a length of 15 km and a diameter of from 200 to 315 mm. Were chosen two characteristics winter study periods. The first period was from 01 to 31 January 2011 year and the second period was from 01 to 29 February 2012 year. The analysis found that as a result of accidental water inflow (rain water) occurred lowering the temperature of the influent wastewater to the treatment plant from 2.1 to 2.2 °C. Water flowing random (rainy water) is defined as the share of accidental waters in the total volume of waste water treatment plants result in an increased volume of sewage from 37.5 to 40.0%. To prevent negative phenomena which are reducing the temperature of plants and their increased volume as a result of the entry of rain water drains should be taken to detect and elimination of illegal connections residential gutters and sealed sewer system. ...
This paper attempts to evaluate a year 2015 from the point of view of present and future expected climate for the purpose of agriculture production using the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov (HTC). Air temperature and total precipitation were simulated for conditions current and expected for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland, according to the GISS Scenario (which is typical for Poland assuming the CO2 concentration doubles, as is expected for the years 2050-2060). The year 2015 and two 500-year daily temperature and rainfall series were used for computing the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov, with a 30-day window for vegetation periods, from April to September. The simulated hydrothermal index was presented on a graph during the vegetation period as a course of means with standard deviations, and 50% and 90% critical area.The presented results show the year 2015 as dry or very dry within the vegetation period as well from the point of view of future climate changes according to the GISS Scenario. In case of heavy rainfall during the dry period of plant vegetation hydrothermal index show over estimation tendency ...
An ideal broiler house should be designed to minimize the effects of weather changes and to keep indoor conditions at the comfort temperature of the animals. In this case, this should be done with minimum cost and possible lowest operating costs. Degree-day methods are used in order to have knowledge of the energy need of any structure. With this method, the measured values or meteorological data can be used to give information about the heating and cooling energy quantities of structures. Depending on the climate change in recent years, the changes need to be examined that have taken place in order to provide optimum comfort in animal barn. Isparta province and districts were selected as the study area. The long-term average daily temperature values are used from meteorological stations of the selected region. The heating and cooling degree day values were calculated for selected balance temperatures in broiler breeding. Linear Regression Analysis and Spearman Rank Correlation Test were conducted to determine the changes of these values due to climate change. In conclusion, it was determined that there were statistically significant trends at 5% significance level in Egirdir (21°C), Isparta (31-29-25 and 23°C), Kasimlar (18°C), Senirkent (31-29-25-23 and 21°C), Sutculer (all ...
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of insect net placed on ventilation openings in greenhouses on temperature, humidity and radiation energy from indoor conditions. In addition, the effects of insect net on the agents used in biological control have been tried to be determined. The study was carried out between November 2017 and May 2018 in Kumluca district of Antalya in 2 glass and 2 plastic greenhouses. Greenhouses; the glass greenhouse without insect net (GCG), the glass greenhouse with insect net (GNG), the plastic greenhouse without insect net (PCG), the plastic greenhouse with insect net (PNG) is named as. Temperature, humidity and solar radiation values were measured in greenhouses. According to the results of the research; It was determined that the recommended temperature values for pepper development are only suitable in January and well below the recommended values in February. In other production months, the average temperature values of with insect net greenhouses (PNG-GNG) used in ventilation openings were found to be higher than without insect net greenhouses (PCG-GCG). When the results of relative humidity values were examined, it was observed that the use of insect tulle in the greenhouses was lower than the control greenhouses. ...
