The paper outlines problems of rural areas shaping in the EU against the background of permanent and sustainable development concept. The principles and several steps of common agricultural policy, structural and regional policies have been characterized. It has been stated that these policies are strictly bound with each other and they are subject to evolution. Agricultural policy bases on the price – income policy and structural policy stimulation, structural policy concerns the influence on production factors assisting changes in rural areas, and regional policy stimulates reorganization of agriculture, multifunctional development of rural areas and diminishing of negative differences between regions. The aim of these activities is the creation of value and economically sustainable position of rural areas, especially as an environment for living, working, recreation in natural conditions, as well as positive development of agricultural structures. In the last decades the UE gained intrinsic progress in the LFA reduction – which especially concerns the regions of Ireland and Portugal. Sustainable shaping of environment and rural land management is being implemented by the system of spatial planning, in the range of agricultural land management, village renewal and ecological – landscape planning. The concept of sustainable and permanent development, which finds its ...
The paper outlines problems of rural areas shaping in the EU against the background of permanent and sustainable development concept. The principles and several steps of common agricultural policy, structural and regional policies have been characterized. It has been stated that these policies are strictly bound with each other and they are subject to evolution. Agricultural policy bases on the price – income policy and structural policy stimulation, structural policy concerns the influence on production factors assisting changes in rural areas, and regional policy stimulates reorganization of agriculture, multifunctional development of rural areas and diminishing of negative differences between regions. The aim of these activities is the creation of value and economically sustainable position of rural areas, especially as an environment for living, working, recreation in natural conditions, as well as positive development of agricultural structures. In the last decades the UE gained intrinsic progress in the LFA reduction – which especially concerns the regions of Ireland and Portugal. Sustainable shaping of environment and rural land management is being implemented by the system of spatial planning, in the range of agricultural land management, village renewal and ecological – landscape planning. The concept of sustainable and permanent development, which finds its ...
The paper outlines some chosen Polish programmes of rural areas shaping, developed in a few recent years against the background of permanent and sustainable development. Development of the village and agriculture in the EU is based mainly on the common agricultural policy, structural policy and regional policy. Agricultural policy may be defined as price - profit policy and supporting structural policy while structural policy consists in influencing production factors which stimulate the changes on rural areas. Regional policy supports restructuring of agriculture, multifunctional development of rural areas and balancing unfavourable differences between regions. The aim of those activities is creating the value and an economically sustained position of rural areas, especially as a place of living, working and relaxation in natural environment and taking into consideration a sensible development of agricultural structures as well. Thanks to a consequent policy of sustainable development in the recent dozen of years the EU has reached a considerable progress in LFA (Less Favoured Areas) reduction. The performed survey of chosen strategies of village and agriculture development worked out in Poland in the years 2001-2006 shows that in most cases they refer to Lisbon Strategy and have various range: from a partial reference to rural ...
The study constitutes the attempt of answer what kind of state of knowledge from the scope of sustainable development of rural areas conception is represented by students of three years Agritourism Specialization at Agriculture and Economics Faculty of Agricultural University in Cracow. The aim of conducted questionnaire researches was to determine the role of agritourism in this conception. The respondents seemed to be aware of essential role which sustainable development of rural areas conception plays. They mainly indicated these elements which are connected with environment preservation, for example by common neighborly cooperation with local autonomy, institutions and ecological organizations and economical management of natural resources – all in all 60 answers. In the part of questionnaire related to issues connected with agritourism – examined students seemed to discern the role of agritourism in the conception of sustainable development of rural areas. They mainly indicated to landscape integrity, culture values and to the development of infrastructure supporting ecological tourism patterns. In the theoretical part of the work whereas, aspects connected with sustainable development of rural areas were included. Sustainable development was characterized and its most important features were detailed. In the field of such understood development there is a place for ...
In article was presented problems of sustainable tourism, which it answers the conception of sustainable development. The work focuses on theoretical analysis of sustainable tourism, which it is often treated as tool realization of sustainable development, or also as tool development of same tourism. The article is an attempt to state the basic rules of the sustainable tourism on the so-called rural health resort areas. The work shows what kind of tourism can be developed on the analised rural areas, at the same time being in harmony with the concept of the sustainable tourism. In the article, it has been done: the analysis of the national and foreign literature from the domain of the concept of the sustainable tourism, including rural areas, and the observation of the chosen indicators of the sustainable development of health resorts villages. The concept of the sustainable development arose in the 1970s and it was an expression of the critical reaction to the growing interference in natural and social and cultural resources. The concept of the sustainable development is not opposite to the possibilities of economic growth, on condition that the pace of the reproduction of the environmental resources is not slower than the pace ...
The paper presents the issue of the sustainable tourism which corresponds with the concept of the sustainable development. The work concentrates on the theoretical analysis of the sustainable tourism, often treated as a tool of accomplishment of the sustainable development or the tool of the development of tourism itself. The article is an attempt to state the basic rules of the sustainable tourism on the so-called rural health resort areas. The work shows what kind of tourism can be developed on the analysed rural areas, at the same time being in harmony with the concept of the sustainable tourism. In the paper the analysis of the national and foreign literature from the domain of the concept of the sustainable tourism, including rural areas, and the observation of the chosen indicators of the sustainable development of health resorts villages are presented. The concept of the sustainable development arose in the 1970s and it was an expression of the critical reaction to the growing interference in natural and social and cultural resources. The concept of the sustainable development is not opposite to the possibilities of economic growth, on condition that the pace of the reproduction of the environmental resources is not slower ...
The paper reviews and briefly characterizes documents devoted to the implementation of sustainable development policies in Polish communes within environment protection and shaping issues. The analysis embraces several obligatory documents drawn up by Polish communes, such as: ecophysiographic studies, environment protection programmes, waste management plans, energy supply plans, ecological education plans, studies of determinants and directions of spatial management, local spatial plans. It also deals with other optional documents: natural resource inventories, development strategies, local develop-ment plans and ecological policies. Moreover, based on specialized literature, the paper outlines the condition and quality of studies drawn up in Polish communes. Out of the researched in-ventory of communes, approx. 23% have developed natural resource inventories, 28% have created ecophysiographic studies, and nearly 77% – studies of deter-minants. Active participation of communes in the process of eco-development planning varies in particular parts of Poland: most active communes are situated in the provinces of Lublin, Lower Silesia, and Mazovia; whilst the least active in the provinces of Łódź, Opole, and Podlasie. Most common flaws of ecophysiographic studies, which act as the basic source of information for the needs of eco-development, involve: inaccurate geo-complex delimitation, methodological drawbacks regarding the evaluation of anthropopressure resistance, ...
In transformation time of Polish tourism, there is a general opinion, that the development of tourism can be the chance of economic development of regions. A very imortant role in the tourism development is attributed to the lanscape valu-es and natural environment. Rich relating touristic values, technical infrastructu-re, basic and supplementary devices offer is the decisive in development of touris-tic economy factor.Critical reaction on grander interference in natural and social and cultural supplies, in connection to endeavour of continuously economic growth is funda-mental to coming of conception of sustainable development of touristic activity. Article presented nature and lanscape value of Warmia and Mazury province which helping the development of sustainable tourism. The study wants to show the problems which are connected to realization of principles of sustainable tour-ism in Warmia and Mazury province. ...
Warmia and Mazury among the leaders in the field of environmental quality. To achieve the objectives of nature conservation is essential to establish forms of nature conservation. Protected areas due to its values are environmental-ly valuable areas, which are potential specific element of the natural environment. The quality of the environment and the application of the principle of sustainable development requires constant thinking about the resources of nature through the lens of future generations. Particular attention should be paid to the sustainable use of natural resources and environmental education.Aim of this paper is to present the issues related to nature conservation in Poland, as well as an indication of the activities undertaken in the province. Warmia and Mazury in order to protect the natural heritage. ...
Study of conditions and directions of land management does not solve ade-quately the significant problems and social conflicts, so that follows it can't be the proper method for balancing the development. As part of an almost unlimited autonomy of local government first-level-local difficult the implementation of pub-lic tasks. The suggested solution that will ensure sustainable land development are changes in the legal system, providing for: a hierarchical, closely linked to land planning system, financial responsibility and criminal liability for people making wrong decisions on land use planning, economic justification for significant changes in strategy planning.
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One of the indicators of sustainable development is spatial order, under-stood as a spatial arrangement which includes e.g. natural, social and economic, cultural as well as compositional and aesthetic conditions.The objective of the study was to define the concept of spatial planning in non-urbanised areas and to devise a method to assess compliance of the partition of estates with spatial planning.As part of the study, indicators and their meters have been developed to as-sess the state of spatial planning of an non-urbanised real estate prior to partition of the estate and to make it possible to assess the impact of the anticipated partition of the estate on the state of the spatial plan in a given non-urbanised area.Furthermore, subsequent stages have been presented in the assessment of spatial plans and possible application of this method in practice.
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Dynamic development of some rural areas creates the necessity to look for tools of its "regulation". Existing planning and strategic tools should be complemented with spatial capacity indicators. The goal of establishing those indicators is assurance of non-deterioration of rural environment conditions, and in the areas of natural value the state of natural environment. They may be helpful in implementation of the idea of sustainable development in rural areas. The possibility of adequate indices assignment depends on long-term systematic and complex data collection in order to follow changes, examine dependencies between indices and find existing regularities. Designation of indices on the basis of analysis of widely available statistic data in not entirely possible. The area of research is the municipality of Milicz where 79,3% of the total area comprises the Natural Landscape Park "Dolina Baryczy". ...
The object of study is an attempt to find the interrelationship between the Sectoral Operational Programme and the furnishing of rural areas. This work was raised on sustainable rural development and information on funding joining work in some of the village in podkarpackie province. The elaboration focuses primarily on the problem to illustrate the impact of the Sectoral Operational Programme for Polish agriculture, taking into account its various activities. Most attention was given to joining and exchange of land. ...
Mountain areas are rural areas characterized by difficult conditions and orographic, geographical altitude zoning and corresponding volatility indices of hydrological , meteorological and landscape . Relief and climate are the basic criteria for determining membership in the village to the list of mountain resorts in Ukraine. These resorts have significant recreational potential , which can be used for different types of tourism and recreation, especially the rural developing actively in recent years in the villages of Ukraine. Recreational potential of the study area requires an objective assessment of proper planning in order to promote tourism in the territory and optimal use of facilities. This article attempts to identify and analyze the recreational potential of rural areas in the mountainous region of Rozhniatow of Ivano - Frankivsk , taking into account the specificity of the natural region , social facilities and infrastructure , historical and cultural heritage and the state of the surrounding environment as factors affecting the sustainable development of rural areas. For the analysis method was applied points. The aim of the study was to identify and group the rural communities of the degree of development of recreational potential . On this basis the map. Described monuments in the ...
The primary function of rural areas is their use in agricultural production. Currently, according to the balanced development of rural areas, one needs to tend to make those areas more attractive, create new jobs, create new sources of income for the rural population and to improve rural spatial planning. The agricultural production is extremely important in the areas of outstanding natural beauty. The management on protected areas can contribute to the protection of valuable qualities from excessive investment process. It must be conducted in accordance with legal requirements for environmental protection. The purpose of the research was to analyze the changes in agriculture in the context of rural area development. The communities within the Barycz Valley Landscape Park boundaries were selected for analysis. The study was based on the statistical data, including the data from the agricultural censuses of 1996, 2002, 2010, data concerning planning works and planning documents to lay down the development directions of the analyzed communities. ...
Planning and spatial management are very often associated with the best providing human needs that require adjustment to environmental conditions. Thus interpreted, the rational spatial management brings many benefits to the local community, often the price of it is the degradation of the environment. System solutions reduce the negative effects of the investment on the environment and society. As a part of that, an investment in the implementation of apply optimal solutions in terms of environmental and social protection are procedures for environmental impact assessments (EIA). The aim of this study was to determine the operations to minimize negative environmental impacts and methods of environmental compensation in EIA procedures in the planning and implementation of the linear investments in Poland on A2 highway from Stryków I to Konotopa section 'E' case study. To determine the most effective mitigation methods the negative impact of the highway and activities in terms of environmental protection, simplified EIA was carried out. The most threatened elements of the natural and social environment were identified: groundwater, soil, human health, acoustic climate. ...
Today, the more and more intensive use of natural resources and consequent environmental degradation have made the issue of sustainable development a central place in many discussions going on in scientific circles. In this light, ecological awareness, as well as pro-ecological attitudes and behaviors of people seem to be only too significant. The aim of this article is to present the results of research conducted among the inhabitants of the Municipality of Zawadzkie, Opole Voivodeship. The study examined the relation between the level of environmental awareness and manifestations of environmental attitudes and behaviors. The obtained results were also subjected to a comparative analysis of two groups of respondents: inhabitants of towns and villages. The study did not show any significant differences between residents of towns and villages in terms of their ecological awareness and environmental attitudes and behaviors. It can therefore be concluded that changes in the sphere of awareness and specific environmental actions that are being taken in the surveyed community are not related to the place of residence. Residents of towns and villages have a similar access to knowledge and cultural changes concern both groups. It is worth pointing out that awareness as such and knowledge of the ...
The increasing of standard living causes the increases energy consumption and waste or wastewater production. The possibility to combine wastewater treatment and electricity production can accomplish a microbial fuel cell. The possibility of wastewater treatment using the Cu-B catalyst with KMnO4 catholyte for microbial fuel cells is presented in this paper. The measurements covered comparison of changes in the concentration of COD, NH4+ and NO3- in the reactor without aeration, with aeration and with using a microbial fuel cell (with Cu-B cathode and KMnO4 catholyte). The reduction time for COD with the use of microbial fuel cell with the Cu-B catalyst (and KMnO4 catholyte) is similar to the reduction time with aeration. It has been shown that the Cu-B (with KMnO4 catholyte) can be used as cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells. Unfortunately in this case is needed to constant delivery of catholyte. ...
Sustainable development involves integration of political, economic and social activities maintaining natural balance and durability of basic natural processes in order to ensure the possibility to fulfil the essential needs of individual communities or citizens, for both present and future generations. An attempt was made in the paper to evaluate the provinces in view of sustaining their development. A set of 71 indicators was used to describe the individual areas of sustainable development, i.e. economic, environmental and institutional-political order in a synthetic way. Linear ordering of provinces was conducted using their taxonomic distance from the model object. ...
Sustainable development consists in integrating political, economic and social activities while maintaining natural balance and durability of basic natural processes in order to guarantee the possibility of satisfying the basic needs of individual communities or citizens of contemporary and future generations. The paper presents the research results on the impact of selected elements of technical infrastructure on the level of sustainable development of provinces. Both the level of sustainable development and the quality of infrastructure were defined in the form of synthetic indicators.Infrastructure was proved to be the factor affecting the sustainability of development; however, it did not have the same impact on all four domains of sustainable development. It was found that the infrastructure may have a negative effect on sustainable development in the natural (environmental) domain. ...
The aim of this paper is evaluation of spatial policy of the rural communes, which are under pressure of suburbanization resulting from being located near Poznań (a voivodship centre, and the core of Poznań Metropolitan Area and Functional Urban Area of Poznań).Two units of local self-government, Dopiewo and Komorniki, where in the first stage of the analysis the highest intensity of the process of suburbanization was determined, were analysed.In the analysed decade (2005-2014), the population of the Municipality of Komorniki increased by 75% from 13992 to 24433, and of the Municipality of Dopiewo by 67% from 13460 to 22447. In turn, average net migration rate was 52 per 1000 residents in Komorniki and 55 per 1000 residents in Dopiewo. Detailed analyses showed that in the Municipality of Komorniki the realisation of spatial policy has been based on creating local spatial development plans, while in the Municipality of Dopiewo the main tool for it are still administrative decisions, and the local spatial development plan coverage amounts to merely 11%. Moreover, the analyses of population absorptive capacity showed that - in context of demographic forecast - the Municipality of Komorniki allocates ground for housing development more rationally. These analyses should ...
Fruit and vegetable processing waste represents a significant environmental and economic issue. Globally, around 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted each year, a substantial portion of which comes from fruit and vegetable processing. In Europe, this waste can account for up to 30% of the entire stream of post-production waste. The estimate ranges from 5 to 9 million tons per year in Poland. This waste mainly originates from the processing of potatoes, apples, and sugar beets. Effective waste management, through the production of biogas and compost, brings ecological and economic benefits, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves soil quality. Moreover, using waste to produce valuable products, such as fertilizers and food additives, can increase the revenue of the agri-food industry. This article analyzes the available methods for managing fruit and vegetable processing waste and their practical application. ...
