The cements contain, apart from Portland clinker, other non-clinker mineral components, mainly industrial refuse. The source of chemical pollution of the cement binders may originate from materials and substitute fuel (e.g. industrial and domestic refuse).The main goal of the research project was evaluating the influence of cement-ground road foundations on the roadside ecotone zones in the fresh mixed broad-leaved forest. The research focused on five types of cements, which contained different percentage of fly ashes and furnace slag. The process of chemical compounds leaching from cement-ground mixtures was described at two levels i.e. laboratory tests and field investigations. The reaction of both sand eluates and hardened cement-ground mixtures was analyzed to describe the influence of cement-ground mixtures on forming the reaction of ecotone zones soils. Additionally, the reactions of duff and soil samples taken at three depths were described. Trees assimilatory organs, as well as ground cover were also monitored. Samples of soils for chemical and bio-indication investigations were collected from two transects, parallel to the axis of each of the five experimental sections, as well as the experimental one. It was found out on the basis of the carried out experiments that the reaction of the eluates of all ...
A field experiment was conducted in 2003-2005 at the Experimental Station Lipnik near Stargard, where they were founded three two-factor experiment. The research was conducted on an acid brown soil. The soil is classified as quality class IVb, good rye complex, and for cultivation of light soils with low water retention useful. In each of the experiments were evaluated: the impact of different irrigation and fertilization on bulk density and soil water stocks. All experiments were randomized block design established in the system dependent (called a split-plot), in seven replications in the experiment with cherry, five replications with peach and four replications in the experiment with the plums. Were carried out on trees in the fourth year after planting, fall within the third year of fruiting. Maintained grass between the trees, and rows of trees - herbicide fallow. Order factor was irrigation under-crown: O-control (without irrigation), W-objects irrigated when soil water potential fell below 0.01 MPa. Irrigation system was used in which water was distributed by type of Hadar scale spraying for cherry r-1m , peach r-1,5m, and plum r-2m. The dosages of water under the tree stone in different growing seasons ranged from 21.7 to 61.3 mm depending on ...
The second part of paper presents effects of supplemental irrigation and mineral fertilization on pH soil and content of selected macroelements. Both used agrotechnical diversified mineral content in the soil, contributing to changes in soil fertility. Applied irrigation allowed the movement of minerals in the soil profile, high mineral fertilization increased their concentration in the investigated soil layers. Both irrigation and fertilization effect on pH changes in the KCL and the content of mineral forms of nitrogen.
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The study deals with definition and cross-comparison of soil infiltration capacity at two selected sites located in cadastral territories of Nosislav and Žabčice, Czech Republic. In order to assess the soil infiltration capacity in the areas of interest Niva and Kovál over the course of the 2010 growing season, four trips were made with three measurements taking place during each trip. A method of double-ring infiltration measurement was applied, based on the use of two concentric cylinders in field conditions and the subsequent data processing via geographical-empirical method according to Kostiakov. The soil infiltration capacity was assessed with regard to physical properties determined by an analysis of intact soil samples using Kopecky cylinders. The results indicate a reduced infiltration capacity due to soil compaction and also significant differences between the two sites, primarily caused by differences in soil type and, hence, different physical characteristics.
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The purpose of the research was to indicate lands suitable for development on the basis of analysis of soil conditions. It was assumed that in rural areas soil conditions constitute one of the most important factors that influence development and the inevitable city sprawl. Detailed research based on soil-agricultural maps at a scale of 1:5,000 and the base map was effected for the geodetic units of Koprki and Michałówek, Ożarów commune, Western Warsaw poviat. Multi-criteria analysis was performed, on the basis of which the terrains most suitable for development were indicated, taking into consideration land bearing capacity, moisture content, land protection and public transport connections. Similar research for the whole Western Warsaw Poviat was performed afterwards. The analysis was based on data derived from soil-agricultural map at a scale of 1:50,000 and from Topographic Objects Database BDOT 10k. The research showed that due to advantageous location, short distance from Warsaw and good public transport connections arable lands of highest quality and agricultural suitability, protected under the Act on Protection of Forests and Agricultural Lands, are often designated for development. The availability of digital data and GiS tools that facilitate spatial analysis allow to consider various environmental factors that influence the ...
The research was conducted to determine the number and species composition of microorganisms isolated from the soils collected in the vicinity of seven largest transport nodes and roundabouts in Krakow. Moreover, the investigations aimed at verifying the differences in the occurrence and biodiversity of the researched microorganism population between four calendar seasons of the year. The soil samples were collected 4 times during the period from November 2013 to August 2014 and then analysed using serial dilutions method. A great microorganism biodiversity was found in the analysed samples. Microorganisms were the most numerous in the autumn-winter period. The most numerous isolated group were vegetative bacteria and ammonifiers. Filamentous fungi were less numerous, which may have been caused by the neutral or slightly alkaline soil pH. Presence of dormant bacteria forms may result from unfavourable environmental conditions caused by a toxic effect of the substances from road transport. Less numerously isolated were actinomycetes and Azotobacter bacteria, regarded as bioindicators of soil fertility. It was found, that the differences in the numbers of the analysed microorganisms over the year are statistically significant for the vegetative and ammonifying bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi and actinomycetes. No significant differences in the microorganism number were stated ...
The purpose of the studies was to assess environmental contamination alongside railway lines in the suburbs of Warsaw by determining the concentrations of selected heavy metals in surface layer of soil as well as moss (Pleurozium schreberi). The studies were conducted in the southern part of Warsaw (central Poland) in three sampling points: before the railway station, and after the station to the northbound. Soil and moss samples were taken from each of these sites at distances of 1, 10, 20 and 30 m from the railroad. Heavy metals were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The highest Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb contents in soil were found 1 m from the railroad at each of the analyzed sites. pH was lowest at 30 m (sampling points A and B), and highest at 1 m whilst EC value was highest in sampling point A (near railway station). Maximum contents of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni) in Pleurozium schreberi moss were most often present in the direct proximity of the railroad tracks. ...
Majority of on-site wastewater treatment plants discharge effluents to the soil by infiltration systems. The aim of the study was to compare choosen methods of determinantion of soil permeability for its use as a receiver for domestic wastewater. Filtration coefficiens were determined in on-site percolation test, laboratory test (de Wit aparatus) and calculation method (base on grain size analysis). Soils from seven different potential locations of on-site wastewater treatment systems were tested. Soils were characterised as sandy loams and loamy sands. The highest values of filtration coefficients were obtained from percolation tests and the lowest from the calculation method. Calculated hydraulic loads in all cases are lower than values of LTAR (Long-Term Acceptance Rate). The possible reason is that used equation was developed for simple septic systems and includes clogging of soil by solids from pre-treated wastewater. In case of biologically treated wastewater distributed in tested fine-grained soils, infiltration surface determined base on the percolation test, will ensure safe disposal of wastewater for long time of operation of on-site wastewater treatment system. ...
The study aimed at finding a relationship between the content of cadmium in the soil material and in the above ground parts of plants taken from the areas of the municipality of Trzebinia. Research areas were designated in areas degraded by mining and processing industries, which are now fallows. The total content of cadmium in soil and plant samples as well as soil factors such as organic matter content, granulometric composition, pH and electrolytic conductivity were marked in laboratory analyzes. The concentration of the element in the soils of the municipality exceeded the national regulations for agricultural land (Journal of Laws 2002). Similarly, the metal content in plants is higher than the acceptable standards for animal feed as stated in Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (2012a). The results indicate a positive relationship between the content of cadmium in the soil at the level of 0-20 cm and its concentration in the above ground parts of plants of fallow lands of the Trzebinia municipality. ...
The paper verified the hypothesis of the existence of the correlation between the content of zinc in soils and plants in the municipality of Trzebinia that is in the area which is highly degraded as a result of long term activity of mining and processing of local raw materials. In order to achieve the above, the total metal content in plant and soil material as well as the selected physicochemical properties of soil such as pH, electrolytic conductivity, organic matter content and granulometric composition were determined. 664 soil material samples and 332 plant material samples were collected in years 2010-2012 from 83 research plots located in fallow lands of the town of Trzebinia and in 10 village councils of the municipality. The results obtained of zinc content do not confirm the correlation between soil and plant. The disclosed concentration of the element is in line with indications of permitted levels of metal content in plants proposed by IUNG, which allows the use of plant material as animal feed. The mean content of zinc in the soils of the municipality is higher than the permitted level of national regulations. The claim that the soil of the municipality is contaminated with ...
The aim of the article was to determine the content of heavy metals (lead) in soils and plants in areas heavily degraded by mining and processing industries. The study was con-ducted in the area of the municipality of Trzebinia, in the western part of the Małopolska province. Altogether 83 research areas were designated (one area of 25 m2) from which the plant material and soil samples were taken from the levels of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The analysis of soil material was based on the determination of granulometric composition of the soil with the use of the Casagrande method modified by Prószyński [according to the industry standard (BN-78/9180-11), soil reaction in 1M KCl and in water with the use of the potenti-ometric method, electrolytic conductivity of the soil with the use of the conductometric meth-od, content of organic matter in soil by its annealing using the modified Tiurin method, the total Pb content in the soil using the FAA method. The analysis of plant material was based on the determination of the total content of Pb in plants using the atomic absorption spec-trometry. It was found that the mean lead content in the soil for the municipality exceeded the ...
The activity of steel and chemical industries, fertilizers and the development of transport mean that heavy metals (copper) in toxic quantities directly affect the condition of soil and natural ecosystems occurring in nature. The study concerned aimed at the assess-ment of the copper content in the soil samples and plant material from the area of the mu-nicipality of Trzebinia where the problem of the presence of toxic heavy metals in soils is long-term and is the result of anthropogenic human impact on the environment. 83 research areas were designated from which the plant material and soil samples were taken from the levels of 0-20 cm and of 20-40 cm. The copper content in the soil was determined by apply-ing the FAA Method.Additionally, in the soil samples the following were marked: granulometric compo-sition, soil reaction in 1M KCl and in water, electrolytic conductivity and organic matter content. The content of the aforementioned element in the plant material was evaluated by applying the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The conducted research did not reveal any copper contamination of the soil in the municipality of Trzebinia (Journal of Laws 2002). The plant material did not exceed any IUNG standards of ...
The aim of the paper was the comparison of sour cherry-tree water requirements in the regions of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in 1976-2015. The sour cherry-tree water requirements were determined for each year on the basis of air temperature in the period April - August for light soils, medium soils and heavy soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the period April - August in the region of Wrocław were higher than those in the Bydgoszcz region. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 253 mm on the heavy soils, 316 mm on the medium soils and 379 mm on the light soils. The sour cherry-tree water requirements in the Wrocław region amounted 261 mm, 326 mm and 391 mm, respectively. From among five months, July was characterized by the highest water requirements. The water requirements in July in the Bydgoszcz region amounted 65 mm on the heavy soils, 82 mm on the medium soils and 98 mm on the light soils. The water requirements in July in the Wrocław region were higher and amounted 67 mm, 84 mm and 101 mm, respectively. In the vegetation period (IV-VIII), the significant tendency to increase the water requirements of sour ...
