The subject of river sediment transport has been studied from centuries - by river engineers as well as geographers, geologists, river morphologists and fluvial geomorphologists. Up to now there are no well known complex methods and/or approaches with help of which one can determine the intensity of sediment transport. However, even the approximate knowledge of the quantity of sediment transport is important, especially when dealing with sedimentation of river deltas, and lakes, designing artificial water reservoirs and planning any river engineering works or designing hydraulic structures. The appropriate assessment of the intensity of sediment transport has the direct influence on an adequate functioning of any hydraulics structure or object, with the help of which the negative influence of sediment transport is eliminated (erosion, channel cutting, filling-up river and water reservoir water intakes). One has to bear in mind that all phenomena connected with sediment transport are very complicated and complex and belong to the most poorly recognized in river hydraulics, thus the best way to understand them is to do measurements directly in the field. This is especially recommended for mountainous streams and rivers. However, in practice, when we suffer the lack of huge financial support (since all river measurements ...
Freshets, by the periodical changes of the hydrodynamic conditions in the river channel, cause its intensive changes. At the time, the occuring fluvial processes have the decisive influence on creation of erosive and cumulative forms in the channel. Dimensions of these forms depend also on sediment transport. This paper presents the results of investigations carried on the Łososina River meander for years 2004–2005. Morphological changes in the channel, created by the 3 freshets, have correlation with the archival data. The bank erosion estimation shows that a cross section of channel has become wider. The changing hydraulic conditions were determined and the sediment transport intensity was estimated. ...
The aim of the presented researche was to examine the morphological changes of the degraded sectors of the stream Smolnik, caused by two floods. The changes of the hydrodynamic conditions were estimated because of its decisive influence on sediment transport intensity and thus on the investigated channel sector geometry. The surveying measurements of the longitudinal profile and cross sections of channel were carried out. The granulometric composition of the bed and the bank material was determined also. Results of this researche are basis for calculation and for analysis of the studied process. Volumes of material eroded from the banks and from the bed channel as well of the sediment deposited on the bed channel were calculated. The Bagnold equation was applied for estimation of sediment transport intensity. The noticed changes along the channel are illustrated by the situational outlines, where area of undercuts of banks pits and bars are showed. ...
The present paper contains results of researches carried out on the Slomka stream, which is very intensively erosive. A study reach is limited to the channel section being 367 meters in length, with local changes of the bed slope. It woe surveyed in detail and related to data on discharge, channel changes after floods and grain-size distribution of the bed material we have noted that river bank undercuts were dominant forms of bank erosion witch was the most important process for the channel bed modeling. The bed configurations of type chutes and pools were observed because of multiple roughness related to variation in stream power, shear stress, and grain-composition of the bed material. This parameters, longitudinal profiles, volume of eroded material, and intensity of sediment transport have been determined and calculated on the basis of the measuring results. ...
Paper presents results of measurements and analyses of sediment transport flowing to the water small Mściwojów reservoir. Measurements of suspended and bed load transport on two tributaries (stream Zimnik and Wierzbiak) to this reservoir showed that annually it gets to this one about 167 T of sediment. Part of suspended load in total transport is about 97%. From the self bathymetry author’s studies follows that this reservoir is better intensively silted up, mainly in settling tanks and pre-dams. It causes the continuous reduction of its storage and shows on further necessity operation of the bathymetry reservoir bowl measurements and quantity, and kind of flowing sediment. The last studies at Mściwojów reservoir showed that it has been partly elutriated in part, where are the settling tank, and dumps have been deposited in its region. ...
The degradation of the Odra river bed is observed mainly below each last barrage of the channelized river sector Koźle - Wrocław. The mean river bed level is decreasing of some 4-8 cm yearly, causing the corresponding drop so of water surface in the river as of the ground water level in the valley. This degradation causes great problems so for navigation, as for agriculture and environment. The construction of successives last barrages Wrocław (1897), Rędzin (1922) and Brzeg Dolny (1958) had only a temporary effect. Below each of these barrages the river bed erosion continued, concerning a river reach of some 50-60 km. In 1994 Parzonka has proposed the conception of the "feeding" of the Odra just below the new barrage Malczyce (km 300,0), entering in action probably in 2012. The ad-ministration has decided in 2008, that this barrage can enter in work only after the accomplishment of important restoration works, taking in account the needs of environment, of navigation and agriculture and of the human population. The programme of restoration works provides two steps:- Step I: the elevation of the Odra bed level on the sector Malczyce-Ścinawa (km 300 - km 335) minimum by the half on the eroded ...
The authors performed the preliminary analysis of the silting conditions of the reservoir Otmuchów. The specific of this reservoir is it's geographic localiza-tion in catchment and hydrotechnic functions. The reservoir Otmuchów-Nysa cascade is localized in the middle sector of the Nysa Kłodzka river in south-west, upland region of the Opole District. The main characteristic of the amount of se-diments settled in the reservoir, the physical sediment properties for different re-servoir zones are presented. The authors have also analyzed the silting conditions in this reservoir, and the changes of the reservoir capacit.
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Within their catchment basins, brooks and rivers form a structure under which the water flow and morphological processes impact each other. A structure of the flowing water is characterized by such variables as type of substratum, cross-section of the rook channel, longitudinal profile, and horizontal arrangement. Each change in the water flow and intensity of rubble transportation causes the morphology of the brook bed to change, and the direct causes are erosion and deposition processes. The objective of the survey studies presented in this mono-graph was to identify regularities controlling the processes of lateral and deep erosion, transportation, and sedimentation processes in two Carpathian brooks: Słomka and Kasinka. The survey studies were performed in a period from 2004 to 2006.The Słomka brook is a 25.2 km long, left-bank tributary of the Dunajec river and drains an area of 69.90 km2. The Kasinka brook is a right-bank tributary of the Raba river, and it pours into this river at km 92 +750, below the Mszanka brook mouth. The studies comprised both the straight sections of the brook channels and the strongly eroded section along the concave bank (the Kasinka brook). Within the gauging sections, comprehensive measurements were performed in order ...
Rivers and mountain streams are dynamic fluvial systems, which are constantly changing through the space. Especially rivers and streams, located in Southern Poland, are characterized by a tendency to deepen its bed, as well as to change its position in the plan. This is due to the landform and frequent occurrence of floods, which cause the movement of the material forming the bed cover. The evaluation of a series of flow parameters should be done to determine the hydromorphological balance (Bartnik and Florek 200). The hydromorphological balance of riverbed is a condition when the same amount of bed load is drained down by watercourse that was delivered to the cross - section of the valley. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the hydromorphological equilibrium conditions and description of the dominant morphological processes occurring in the bed of the river. The KamienicaNawojowska River is a braided river (in the upper part),in the lower part it is regulated. This river marks the boundary between the Beskid Niski, located to the north-east of it, and the Beskid Sądecki, located to the south-west side of the river. The Kamienica Nawojowska River enters the Dunajec River as a right tributary. It is ...
