The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The soil in horizon 0–50 cm was characterized by field water capacity 57 mm, useful retention 43 mm and effective useful retention 30 mm only. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with three replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: Wo – without irrigation (control), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitrogen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): N0 = 0 kg N ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N ha -1. Water requirements of true millet were estimated as optimal rainfall amounts for this crop, according to Klatt and Press proposals. Mean - for two seasons - water needs of true millet (since May 1 to August 31) amounted 278 and 294 mm, for Klatt and Press proposals, ...
The influence of sprinkling irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height and quality of grain yield of malting spring barley cultivar Poldek was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2006-2008 on light soil at Mochelek, near Bydgoszcz. Total water doses of 90, 30 and 180 mm were used in succeeded vegetation seasons respectively to weather conditions. The sprinkling irrigation of malting barley Poldek significantly increased the grain yield to the average amount of 2,24 t.ha-1 (71,3%). Productive efficiency of applied water was higher comparing to results obtained from domestic experiments car-ried on in the comparable soil conditions. Irrigation also improved the brewery utilization indexes. Grain harvested on irrigated plots have less protein in the contents, higher uniformity and germination capacity than grain harvested as a control. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the grain yield but worsened its quality for malting utility. Obtained results indicate that the irrigation is one of the main impacts that provide high and good quality grain yield of malting barley in vegetation seasons characterised by low precipitation which causes dry spells in May, June and July ...
The paper presents results of a field experiment with maize varietas ‘Cedro’ (FAO230) irrigated on a light soil, carried out in years 2000-2008 in Mochełek (near Bydgoszcz. A combination of 90 and 150 kg of nitrogen per hec-tar was applied. Water was supplied by a drip irrigation system using the NAAN emitters. The layout of drip laterals placed in beetwen plants’ rows provided a moisture to the soil in a root zone. In the years of the study an average dose of water of 112 mm was used for irrigation (28 mm in June, 49 mm in July, 28 mm in August and 7 mm in September), but in separate seasons the dose varried from 25 mm (year 2007) to 215 mm (year 2008). Irrigation have increased the yield of corn from 5,62 t.ha-1 to 8,53 t.ha-1, which is 2,91 t.ha-1(52%). The increase of the yield of corn in separate years varied from 0,46 t.ha-1 (year 2000) and 0,60 t.ha-1 (in a cold year 2004) to 8,47 t.ha-1(in year 2006 when the art temperature in July was very high) and 6,26 t.ha-1(in year 2008 when was a rainfall shortage in months V-VII). The results of ...
The influence of drip irrigation and two nitrogen fertilization doses on the height and quality of grain yield of maize cultivars Cedro and Smok was deter-mined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2006-2008 on very light soil at Kruszyn Krajenski, near Bydgoszcz. Results of the experiment have proved that drip irrigation was the basic yield creating factor without which maize cultiva-tion would have been failed while only dependent on the rainfall in June and July. Low yielding of non-irrigated plants caused a high productive effects of the treatment. The average increment of irrigated corn yield was 4,77 t.ha-1(221%) and the efficiency of 1 mm of irrigated water had a mean of 34,9 kg.ha-1. Double dose of nitrogen fertilization used on irrigated plots caused an increase of grain yield of corn (in average of 11%), an increase of the DM grain of corn and pro-tein in grain and decreased the grain moisture content during harvesting. The re-sults of the study and of some previous works have shown, that drip irrigation used instead of sprinkler irrigation cause an increase of individual productive ef-fects and contribute to more efficient water use. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementary irrigation and nitrogen fertilization and storage on chosen parameters of chemical composi-tion of early potato cultivars. Field experiment was carried out at Kruszyn Krajeń-ski nar. Bydgoszcz in 2005-2007 on the very light soil. The experiment was estab-lished as the three-factorial trial with three replications. The first order factor were cultivars – ‘Dorota’ and ‘Gracja’, the second order factor was sprinkler ir-rigation applied in two variants: W0- without irrigation (control), W1 - sprinkler irrigation according to indications of tensiometers (the soil water potential higher than -0,03 MPa). The third order factor was differentiated nitrogen fertilization: N0 = 0 kg N∙ ha-1 , N1 = 40 kg N∙ ha-1, N2 = 80 kg N∙ ha-1 , N3 = 120 kg N ∙ha-1. It was found that the dry matter and starch content was significantly differ-entiated for the investigated cultivars, irrigation and nitrogen doses, after harvest and after storage. Irrigation decreased significantly the content of dry matter and starch as well as this factor increased slightly the content of vitamin C, reduc-ing sugars and total sugars. Increasing nitrogen doses (to 80 kg N∙ ha-1) caused the significant increase of ...
The purpose of the study was to determine of influence of irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on the amount of losses after the storage of early potato culti-vars during 6 months. Investigations were carried out in 2005–2007 in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil included to the weak rye complex of agricultural suitability. The experiment was conducted as 3-factorial trial, with three rep-lications. The first row factor was early potato cultivar: ‘Dorota’, ‘Gracja’. The second row factor was sprinkler irrigation applied in two variants: Wo – without irrigation (control), (kontrola), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to indications of tensiometers (irrigation was started when the soil water potential achieved -0,03 MPa). The three row factor was differentiated nitrogen fertilization: N0 = 0 kg N•ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N•ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N•ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N•ha -1. The studied cultivars were characterized by differentiated susceptibility to losses total during the storage. cv. ‘Dorota’ was characterized by the higher losses during the long storage. Irrigation during the vegetation period increased in tubers the amount of natural losses, decrements and the losses caused by sprouting. Nitrogen fertilization of the higher doses as well as in control ...
The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run as a two-factorial trial in a split-plot system with three replications. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two fol-lowing treatments: without irrigation (control), sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitro-gen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N•ha-1. Investigations included estimation of infestation degree: roots with complex of pathogens, stem base with Fusarium spp., Oculimacula spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. On leaves was observed the occurrence of: powdery mildew, Phyllosticta leaf blight, and other necrotic spots. Irrigation caused the significant increase of Fusarium foot rot as well as the decrease of sharp eyespot. Health status of non-irrigated true millet was de-pendent mostly on rainfall. Lower intensity of Fusarium foot rot was noted in the year characterized by lower rainfall amounts during the vegetation period of true millet, but in case of sharp eyespot – in the year ...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cultivar characte-ristic, irrigation and the four variants of nitrogen fertilization on economic useful-ness of brewing barley grain cultivars. Economic suitability of brewing barley 'Mauritia' and 'Martha' cultivars was define on the basis of plump grains yield, malting productivity and malt weight, which are possible to obtain from 1 hectare of cultivation. A field experiment was conducted during the growing season 2010 on sandy soil in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. During irrigation, a total of five doses of 105 mm of water was used. From barley grain of thickness over 2.5 mm, Pilsner type malts were obtained in laboratory conditions. It was found that higher eco-nomic usefulness, determined on the basis of grain yield, malts weight and malting productivity was characterized by a brewing barley cultivar 'Marthe'. The intro-duction of irrigation in technology of brewing barley cultivation, regardless of ni-trogen fertilization, has contributed to increased grain yield and malting produc-tivity from unit area. Optimal level of nitrogen fertilization for tested cultivars of brewing barley is 30 kg.ha-1. Increasing the nitrogen dose from 30 to 60-90 kg.ha-1, did not result in significant increases in weight of plump grains and malts.
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The paper presents the results of strict field experiments of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization of winter oilseed rape variety "Californium" conducted in years 2007-2010 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz on sandy soil. In each season of spring vegetation have appeared needs of water supplementation using irrigation, an average of 93 mm were used (pri-marily in May and June), but during the years of research the dose ranged from 55 mm in 2009 to 150 mm in 2008. Two doses of nitrogen fertilizer were used: 125 i 200 kg.ha-1.On average, in the years of the research the rape yielded at the level of 4.41 t.ha-1. Applied the factors resulted in increased yield: irrigation of 1.13 t.ha-1 (29.3%) and nitrogen fertilization, of 0.37 t.ha-1 (8.7%). The largest increase in rape seed yield due to irrigation (1.27 t.ha-1) was obtained in 2008, using the highest dose of water (150 mm). The smallest (55 mm) dose of irrigation water in year 2009 brought the largest (21.6 kg) efficiency of 1 mm of the water. Irrigation resulted in a substantial, compared to fertilization, improvement of yield compo-nents, increasing ...
The aim of the study conducted in the years 2005-2006 was to determine the influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N•ha-1) on health status of true millet cv. ‘Jagna' cultivated on a very light soil. Investigations covered estimation of infestation degree with: complex of pathogens on roots and in the case of stem base - Oculimacula spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana. On leaves there was observed the intensity of Phyllosticta leaf blight and other necrotic spots. Irrigation caused the significant increase of root rot and stem base infesta-tion with Fusarium spp. and B. sorokiniana. Health status of non-irrigated true millet was dependent mostly on rainfall. Lower intensity of most diseases was noted in the year characterized by lower rainfall amounts during the vegetation period of millet. The higher nitrogen dose resulted in the significant increase of infestation of millet roots and stem base with Oculimacula spp. The pathogenic fungi occurring on infected millet roots were mostly represented by Fusarium spp., especially F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti. Stem bases showed the occurrence of F. equiseti and B. sorokiniana. Presence of R. cerealis and R. solani in the ...
A field experiment was conducted during the growing season 2010 on sandy soil in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. The effects of irrigation and the four variants of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of grain from brewing barley varieties 'Mauritia' and 'Martha' were inwestigated. Growing season of barley in terms of total rainfall belonged to the wet, however, was marked by an extremely uneven distribution of rainfall in different decades. During the period of tillering and ripening stage of barley rainfall amounted to only 16.3 mm, which resulted in the need for irrigation of plants. A total of five doses of 105 mm of water was used. It was found that yields of barley grain ranged from 3.05 kg.ha-1 to 6.34 kg.ha-1, depending on the variety, irrigation and nitrogen fertilization variant. Regardless of the factors used, higher average yields of 31% was characterized by a variety of 'Martha'. The average increase in grain yield due to application of irrigation was 37.3%. This indicates the high desirability of introducing this treatment to the malting barley production technologies as a factor which increases the amount of grain yield in growing seasons characterized by the occurrence of atmospheric and agricultural dry spells in ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on yields of ‘Kutnowska' onion grown on the very light soil in the region characterized by rainfall deficits during the vegetation period. Field experiments were carried out in 2003-2004 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a soil belonging to the VI class (degraded black earth belonging to the very poor and poor rye complex). Field water capacity in the layer 0-50 cm amounted 57,5 mm, and the effective useful retention was 29,3 mm. Field trial was established and conducted in three replications as two-factorial experiment in split-plot design. Irrigation was the first order factor used in the two variants: without irrigation (control) and drip irrigation at - 30 kPa. The second order factor was nitrogen fertilization: N0 - 0 kg N ha-1(control), N1 -70 kg N ha-1, N2 - 140 kg N ha-1, N3 - 210 kg N ha-1. Drip irrigation was the basic yield-creating factor, securing the cultivation of onion on the loose sandy soil. Marketable yield obtained from ir-rigated plots - average for years and nitrogen doses - amounted 33,2 t•ha-1. Un-der conditions of optimum moisture secured by irrigation, the ...
The paper presents the results of a field experiments with irrigation faba bean cultivar 'Olga' which were carried out on sandy soil in the years 2010-2012 nearby Bydgoszcz in the Research Centre of University of Technology and Life Science - Mochełek. Particular vegetation seasons were different, especially related to rainfall, which determined the amount of applied irrigation doses. The highest-level need for irrigation occurred in 2010, when 180 mm of irrigated water was used; while in subsequent years rainfalls were distributed more preferably thus for irrigation were used 65 mm. Based on the results, it was found that the water needs of faba bean cultivated on sandy soil in the period from April to August amounted to about 400 mm. Seed yield of faba bean collected from control plots ranged in successive years from 1.23 t.ha-1 (2010) to 5.55 t.ha-1 (2012). Irrigation increased the yield significantly by an average of 1.59 t.ha-1, the highest increase in crop (3.66 t.ha-1) was obtained in 2010 by using the highest dose of irrigation. Yield collected from irrigated plots were not stable in the subsequent years, they averaged 5.00 t.ha-1, varying between 3.84 t.ha-1 (2011), and 6.27 t.ha-1 (2012). Based on the results of ...
The sprinkling irrigation and varied nitrogen fertilisation of millet cv. Gierczyckie on insects with the hemipteroidal mouthpart occurrence were inves-tigated. The entomological experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The largest group of insects were Thysanoptera and Hemiptera. When we used the middle rate of nitrogen fertilization, Thysanoptera was significantly less numerous. They preffered the irrigation plants. From Thysanoptera the most ab-undant were Phlaeothripidae. Number of Hemiptera was significantly less than Thysanoptera. When the high rate of nitrogen fertilization was used, the numer of Hemiptera was high, too. They were represented by Cicadellidae, Miridae, Aphi-didae and Delphacidae families. Psammotettix alienus Dahlbom. was the most numerous insects from Cicadellidae. The numbers of Macrosteles laevis Ri-baut and Empoasca pteridis Dahlbom was lower. The most frequently caught of Aphididae were the following insects: Sitobion avenae (F.) H.R.L. and Rhopalo-siphum padi L. The usage of irrigation and varied nitrogen fertilization in millet cultivation, affected on numerous of phytophagous insects such as: Lygus ruguli-pennis Popp. and Trigonotylus coelestialium Kirk. First of theirs preffered irri-gation plants with higher rate of nitrogen fertilization. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and interaction of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the shape of the quantity and quality of grain yield of malting barley cultivar 'Signora' cultivated on sandy soil with the concise undersoil. Field experiment was carried out in the years 2013-2014 on the experimental field of the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology UTP, located in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. During the study period there were average needs of irrigation in barley, mainly due to the uneven distribution of rainfall in the studied growing seasons. Seasonal irrigation dose averaged 72.5 mm. The research focused on grain quality that affects its suitability for malting. It was found that irrigation resulted in a significant increase in grain yield, although the effectiveness of this treatment per unit was lower than those achieved in previous experiments with other cultivars. Barley grain derived from irrigated plots contained significantly less protein and had better indicators of malting, compared to the grains of plants not irrigated. The optimal dose of nitrogen in both the irrigation conditions and the non-irrigated was 30 kg.ha-1. Admittedly, application of top-dressing (variant N3) significantly increased the yield, especially within irrigation variants, but the grain ...
The aim of the research was the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on some selected features of the quality of malt and wort from ‘Marthe' and ‘Mauritia' malting barley grains. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2010-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. As a result of 3-year field experiment and laboratory test of grain, malt and wort, it was found that introducing sprinkler irrigation into the production process of malting barley is a step justified by the obtained quality effects. It was found that in the case of irrigated malting barley cultivations nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 30 kg∙ha-1 provides (in relation to control, non-irrigated treatment) the highest values of such parameters as weight of the technical barley crops, content of protein, extractivity of Pilsen type malt, amount of obtained wort and simplified mashing efficiency. The combination of sprinkler irrigation of malting barley plants with their nitrogen fertilization at the increased rates of 60 and 90 kg∙ha-1, resulted in the following effect - high mass of the usable grain of crops remained but their quality deteriorated. Malt produced from malting barley fertilized with nitrogen ...
