Biogas, landfill gas originates from fermentation of organic compounds. The fuel contains between 30 and 70% of methane, between 30 and 60% CO2 and small amounts of other components, such as nitrogen, hydrogen or water vapour. Its fuel value oscillates around 17-27 MJ/m3. Biogas is widely used, mainly as a fuel for electricity generators, the source of energy for water heating and after cleaning and compressing also as a fuel for engines. It is manufactures mainly in small agricultural biogas plants. It is obtained by means of degassing post-landfill objects. The investigates conducted by the Authors aimed at determining the amount of biogas possible to obtain from typical fractions which occur in municipal wastes, i.e. potato peelings, cabbage leaves, vegetable peelings, citrus fruit and banana skins and animal wastes. The research considered six kinds of biowastes of plant origin and one control sample randomly mixed of all five kinds of wastes. The fractions were broken and liquefied to dry matter content of about 10%. Biogas was obtained through anaerobic fermentation process in a regulated temperature environment. A chamber with fixed temperature was used for this purpose (the temperature was set at c.a. 33oC – optimal for mesophilic methane bacteria) in ...
Council Directive EU 1999/31/ES “about landfills“ orders to member sates to decrease the volume of disposaled bio-degradabled wastes (BDW). Part of these wastes will be composted, part of them will be used by an anaerobic treatment in a biogas station. Due to capital intensity of project and building of biogas station it is necessary to consider a lot of elements, such as economic conditions and possibilities of investment grant obtaining, quality, availability and quantity of input raw material, technology and especially functional tenability contingeted by product sale. Biogas stations are modular machinery. There exist lots of technology equipment for various projects from transport of input raw material logistic through type, number and capacity of fermenters, system of operations control to output product utilization. The biogas station does not stink with correct project, realization and operation and it offers stable output and production of biogas and rest after digestion that is after aerobic stabilizing applicable as a fertilizer. ...
The article presents the analysis of operation of sewage sludge co-fermentation with waste fats coming from de-fattening process of industrial sewage generated in fat production facilities. Within the period of two years (2008-2009) analyses of the co-fermentation process efficiency have been carried out measured by the volume of generated biogas as well as the analysis of influence of the amount of waste fat used on the sewage sludge and waste fat mixture fermentation process. The average volume proportion between the fermented sludge and waste fat was 10:1. The maximum ratio was 4:1 (fat constituted 25% of batch). Depending on the amount of dosed fat the biogas fermentation was increased even by 80% in comparison to the case where only sewage sludge was fermented. During the examination period 107 m3 of biogas in average have been additionally achieved, for each 1 Mg of fat added into the fermentation chambers. Such volume of biogas allows for generation of additional 180kW of electric energy and approx. 2,8 KW of heat energy recovered from exhaust fumes. It was agreed that the increase of generated biogas volume depends not only on the ratio of dosed waste fat but also on its characteristics. It ...
Increase of waste and pollutants which degrade the environment is the main problem of civilization in twenty-first century. In the twentieth century it was observed, that amount of waste from agriculture and the food industry was growing. Their chemical composition creates optimal conditions for microor-ganisms growth. In aerobic and anaerobic fermentation process, bacteria are decomposing in organic compounds. The result of this change is the emission of greenhouse gas (CH4, H2S, CO2, NOx) and nitrogen compounds, phosphorus and potassium. There are various types of fermentation, but one of them, may play a special role in renewable energy sources and waste management. It is a biogas production. Firstly in this process the energy contained in biomass is converted into useful fuel (source of clean, renewable energy). Secondly biogas can be burned in a boiler for heat energy used for heating equipment, or it can be used in the electric generator. This method belongs to organic recycling.This paper presents the analyses and results of biogas production from or-ganic fraction of municipal waste in the process of co-fermentation with the mass of agricultural waste. To illustrate the potential of economic aspects of biogas pro-duction, the study was conducted on six mixes, with different ...
The aim of this paper was to determine the potential of biogas produced in anaerobic fermentation depending on the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in raw wastewater of a cho-sen Brewery. This paper covers two parts, the theoretical and the empirical. Results of re-search work has been developed on the basis of data provided by the brewery. On the basis of the quantity of raw sewage COD content was determined daily and the daily production of biogas. Calculations allowed to get the result of the total energy contained in the fuel and the nominal power of the generator in a cogeneration system ...
Construction of biogas plants processing agricultural waste enables to reduce waste, limit emission of gases and odors in rural areas as well as gives the possibility to ensure self-sufficiency of energy. The amount of generated electricity and heat depends on the quantity and quality of biogas. The aim of this work was to show how the substrate affects the amount and composition of the biogas in agricultural biogas plants. The most commonly applied types of substrates in agricultural biogas plants in 2011-2012 and in the first half of 2013 were indicated due to the Agricultural Market Agency data. The research also showed the amount of agricultural biogas produced as well as the amount of electricity and heat generated from agricultural biogas during the time period mentioned above. ...
The increasing world population renders the developed energy sources of the industry insufficient, and existing energy sources become expensive. It is anticipated that the energy deficit will further increase in the future. Scientists are in search of new energy sources in the face of this fact. It is considered that the cattle breeding potential of the Southeastern Anatolia Region may increase both as a result of state supports and arable lands. Determining the potential biogas energy production areas of the Southeastern Anatolia Region in terms of cattle breeding is possible with the use of today's knowledge and technology. With this study, it was aimed to determine the obtainable biogas energy fields and the current situation for the provinces in the Tigris Basin (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Siirt, Batman, Sirnak). The number of cattle in the basin for 2015 was benefited from in this framework. The boundaries of the research provinces were drawn using ARCMAP 10.0 software by making geographical corrections. In order for the inquiries of each province to be made independently from other provinces, all boundaries were divided on the basis of provinces, districts and villages as separate layers. These data constitute the main material of the study. The number of ...
Agricultural Biogas is a fuel gas obtained in the process of methane fermentation of agri-cultural by-products , residues in food processing and animal manure. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of biogas produced from organic masses derived from the farm and to analyze the chemical composition of the resulting biogas. Four available starting materials were subjected to a moisture content analysis and fragmentation. They made ripples that are on the bench and accepted a retention time of 30 days. The paper presents the results of the quantity and quality of the resulting biogas. Delay observed in each fermentation fermenter . The batch of beet pulp has the highest yield of biogas at 66%. The study showed that analyzed the organic mass can be successfully used as a substrate for biogas plant. ...
The production of biogas in Poland each year is increasing its share in renewable energy in the country, it is n excellent method of waste disposal as well. Biogas produced in the process of methane fermentation is used to produce electricity and heat. Determining the amount of biogas produced as a result of methane fermentation of available biomas generated from a selected farm household. This research disseratation was written on the basis of the available literature concerning the production of biogas and renewable energy sources the research methodology was based on the German standard DIN 38414. Using the available materials and research studies, a 350 kW piston generator was chosen; the total energy possible to be generated is approx 2806 MWh. As is clear from the foregoing, farm household under study can engage in the production of biogas,, which will provide addi-tional income for farmers. ...
The article presents the legal constraints for limiting carbon dioxide emissions in Poland. It has been shown that, despite unstable and unfavorable financial policies, investing in the construction of local biogas plants and converting them into electricity is justified. The technological processes in such installations have been described. The article presents a flowchart of the technological process of processing manure, bovine manure and maize for biogas. It has been shown that a herd of about 1000 cows provides enough waste that this enables the bio-power plant of 500 kW. Tabular data lists data for such installations and for installations with twice the power. The basic criteria for selecting the number of generating sets, the type of mechanical drive (motor) for the generating set and the generator itself, are given, so that the power sources can work both on the grid and in the island system (isolated). It was indicated the possibility of comprehensive development of all heat generated in the biogas plant. ...
Renewable energy sources have been amongst crucial elements of the European Union policy for a long time. Currently, they have become significant in terms of possibilities of the technology development, whichmay limit the effects and duration of the economic, energy and climatic crisis. The Directive 2009/28/EC obliges the increase of the share of Renewable Energy Sources in the final energy consumption up to 20% (inPoland up to 15%) by 2020. Sewage sludge is waste that significantly affects the aspects of environment. The research considered the rationality of using the waste for the production of biomethane. The purpose of the work was to determine the dynamics of biogas production from sewage sludge of municipal origin. Its scope included a review of the literature based on the Polish and European law. Issues of technology, production and use of biogas and residue were presented. The research was based on determining the properties of sewage sludge - raw and after stabilization, and carrying out a fermentation process for a period of 30 days. The validity of using sewage sludge as substrate for biogas production was confirmed. ...
Fruit and vegetable processing waste represents a significant environmental and economic issue. Globally, around 1.3 billion tons of food are wasted each year, a substantial portion of which comes from fruit and vegetable processing. In Europe, this waste can account for up to 30% of the entire stream of post-production waste. The estimate ranges from 5 to 9 million tons per year in Poland. This waste mainly originates from the processing of potatoes, apples, and sugar beets. Effective waste management, through the production of biogas and compost, brings ecological and economic benefits, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and improves soil quality. Moreover, using waste to produce valuable products, such as fertilizers and food additives, can increase the revenue of the agri-food industry. This article analyzes the available methods for managing fruit and vegetable processing waste and their practical application. ...
