The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the biodegradability and biodegradation rates of ‘single-use' plastic bags available on the market and labeled as degradable/biodegradable. The test was carried out under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The project length was 20 months. The biodegradation results in the laboratory conditions demonstrate that none of the degradable/ biodegradable bags showed visual changes and/or were broken into pieces and none of them experienced any disintegration or degradation. The cellulose filter paper (CFP) completely degraded after 10 days in the aerobic conditions and after 5 month in the anaerobic conditions, implying that the conditions required for biodegradation to occur in a sampling environment were present.
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The research deals in complex with the issue of landfilling and with a pos-sible use of biological indicators to assess the impact of landfill on its surroundings. The problem is topical as landfilling remains the most spread technology for the disposal of communal waste in the Czech Republic.Assessing the impact of the landfill on its environs, we based our study on the selected bioindicators present in 1995 and in 2007 - 2010. During the period of vegetation biomonitoring, we did not detect any significant impact of the landfills on the biotic composition of the environment and no symptoms of leaf area chlorosis or necrosis that would have indicated the direct impact of sanitary landfills operation on the locality. The Štěpánovice landfill and Kuchyňky landfill have a functional system of drains combined with the system of ground sealing and the system of seepage water drainage pits. It further has a sophisticated system to check fencing, fly-offs and to collect lightweight waste. Both landfills are constructed and operated in compliance with the most modern and strictest requirements and standards. ...
The development is focused on the utilization of preventive tools to increasing of the environmental charge of the region by bio-degradable wastes, that is required to Czech Republic as a full-fledged member of European Union. Czech Republic has to adhere the legislative requirements that are determined to waste treatment. In this case it is Directive of EU Council 1999/31/ES about landfills. The Directive orders to member states to reduce the quantity of bio-degradable wastes at landfills. One of the possibilities how to get the requirements is consequential exercitation of preventive methods, especially cleaner production and methods of right agricultural and operating work experience. Cleaner production (CP) is an ongoing application of integral prevention strategy to processes, products and services aiming at increasing their effectiveness and reducing their risks towards men as well as towards environment. CP is a strategy that protects the environment, the consumer and the worker while improving the industrial efficiency, profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. By eliminating or reducing waste at the source, economic development can continue to occur, but in a more environmentally sustainable manner. CP can bring significant financial and economic advantages as well as environmental benefits at the local and global level. Cleaner Production ...
Prevention of waste management is prevention of waste - minimize or eliminate - directly at source, in the production process. The processing industry of wood is in the implementation of preventive strategies viewed as less problem-atic as the food industry. Wastes from wood processing, unless they contain haz-ardous substances are seen as by-products suitable for recycling both inside and outside the factory plant. Examples of cleaner production projects have been car-ried out in two consecutive years in the woodworking company. Unambiguously confirmed the benefits of prevention practices, in particular, cleaner production methods. ...
The worldwide production of waste tires (so called "end of life tires" - ELT) grows every year. The same situation is in the Czech Republic and in the countries of the European Union, but also in the world. Every year about 3.4 million tonnes of used tyres (part worn + end of life tyres) are generated in Europe, of which 3 million tonnes are either recycled or recovered. This amounts to approximately 300 million units. The composition and energy characteristics of tires are a signif-icant source of material, energy and also raw material. Calorific value tires ranges from approximately 25 to approximately 32 MJ • kg-1. The calorific value is comparable with conventional fossil fuels, which is due to the high proportion of hydrocarbons (over 75%). For these reasons, an alternative tire conventional fuels. The aim of the research is focused on the second part of product life cycle - the tire at the end of lifetime. The main possibilities of utilization of used up tires after end of their life are as follows: retreading, recycling (production of granulate), energy and material utilization in a cement factory, pyrolysis (production of pyrolytic products) and formerly used waste storing. Another objective of ...
Biological filter, as one of the best available technology (BAT) is an effective way to purify the air, but the efficiency of purification of fragrances is not 100% (as odorless). The aim of the study was an evaluation of effective method of treatment and the development of technology, cleaning the air leaving the biological filter, used for the elimination of odoriferous substances from the rendering process.
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The aim of this article was to present the rules governing the waste management system (WMS) and identify the changes emerging as a result of new regulations being introduced by example of Wołomin commune. European, Polish and Czech regulations clearly indicate the value of the hierarchy of waste management (WM). A response to the amended law was the modification of the WMS in communes, including the Wołomin commune. Based on performed analysis and discussions, it can be stated that the municipal waste management system (MWMS) in the commune of Wołomin meets the requirements imposed by the legislator, works efficiently and positively influences the condition of the natural environment. In addition, the information obtained has been generalized and compared with the situation in the Czech Republic (CR). ...
