In the study there has been discussed the participation of local community in solving contemporary problems of mountain lands. Public participation is an important democratic process. It plays an important part in solving the contemporary development problems not only of mountain lands but also of submontane, lowland, seaside ones. The issues have been presented on the basis of the example of Lądek Lands, especially a small town of Lądek Zdrój, the commune seat (6140 permanent inhabitants). The town is located on the Kłodzko Lands, at the altitude of 440-480 metres above sea level, between the Golden Mountains and Krowiarki in the valley of Biała Lądecka river. Geographically the land is affiliated to the South-East Sudeten. In the democratic country, as Poland is, a particular attention should be paid to the community participation in forming and cultivating the space, care for spatial order. Certain local spatial problems connected with town and village development, their renewal, restoration and revitalization may be solved only with the active participation of local communities. While implementing balanced development to planning and spatial management very important are the forms of social activity. The subject of analysis were also the mechanisms of social participation as the management tool, ...
Modern processes including functional-spatial and social-economic phenomena appearing in last decade in suburban zone of Wroclaw have been pre-sented in present elaboration. These regions have been pointed out as non-defined against the background of towns and country. As distance from city area grows towards the periphery, to the suburban zone, intensity and diversity of functional, spatial and social-economic phenomena purposively decrease. These areas, parti-cularly in last years (within of so-called housing boom period) against the background of nearest and farther surroundings become conspicuous. There appears greatly developed, modern housing (first of all – individual) or service and production building (especially of large-surface building). Affluence of popu-lation (in particular the rising populations) have been observed. Structure of gro-und utilization is changing rapidly as well as social-economic functions fulfilled. In extreme fast rate grows the traffic volume at all Wroclaw entries from individu-al suburban zones (with special traffic density from south, east and west) caused by their residents commuting the city workplaces and schools. Conception of civic-rural continuum shows on these areas peculiar changeability and boundless cha-racteristic to it. Suburban zone limits are barely determinable. ...
Since the year 1997, it is prohibited to produce, sell and use asbestos productsin Poland. Such products were used as good insulation material characterisedby bad thermal and electric conductivity. Thanks to their resistance to fire andhigh temperatures, they were used for the production of fire-resistant fabrics andpaints. Asbestos was also used in the production of fibre cement. It was used tostrengthen building materials, such as roof coatings (flat and corrugated fibre cementsheets), pipes etc. Asbestos dust is carcinogenic and inhalation of asbestosfibres may result in asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. The first records onthe harmfulness of asbestos are from the years 1900-1910. In the year 1910,French research results confirmed the harmful influence of asbestos on human organism.Removal of asbestos products from buildings requires special protectionof workers and disposal of the waste material. Dumping in dump-sites for dangerousmaterials is one of the methods of disposal. Microwave Thermal Treatment(MTT) becomes a frequently used modern technology of neutralising asbestos. Improvementand protection of the condition of environment and protection of humanhealth through the removal of asbestos products on the example of four communesclose to Wroclaw: Miekinia, Kobierzyce, Żórawina and Kąty Wrocławskie, is presentedin the study. Asbestos is harmful to health and, because of danger it ...
The aim of the article was to examine the relations between the cultural landscape of villages and the spa areas located in them based on an example of Solec-Zdrój village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. Tourism industry, including spa industry (eg. Solec-Zdrój, Przerzeczyn-Zdrój, Długopole-Zdrój and other) has been present in the Polish rural areas for hundreds of years. It has been taking advantage of the landscape treated as an easily accessible material for the pro-duction of tourist attractions. Tourism and culture are closely related. Tourism enriches, protects and popularises cultural heritage. The widely understood cul-ture becomes an important element of touristic programmes, promotes culture and tourism-related journeys. Moreover, it has a well-defined place in the sightseeing, spa, study, educational, linguistic, alternative and pilgrim tourism. Cultural tour-ism constitutes one of the fastest developing segments of the global tourism mar-ket. The demeanour of self-governments and citizens, who seek sources of income in the development of tourism, is also relevant. The situation of spa towns and vil-lages with extra qualities, such as medicinal waters, microclimate and cultural heritage including the objects of spa infrastructure, is extremely beneficial. ...
In the elaboration a special attention has been paid to the preserved envi-ronmental, landscape, cultural values in the former, small Lower Silesian village of Sokołowsko, the place located nearby Wałbrzych in Suche Mountains. It is a typical tourist village. Sokołowsko has a peculiar climate, thanks to which it was a famous resort, a thriving spa before the Second World War (German name - Görbersdorf). While discussing the place one it is impossible not to pay attention to its natural, topographic, landscape and climatic values. Although, especially recently, they are not used to a sufficient degree, still it is worth mentioning the growth of consciousness, that they should be preserved, and as a way of marketing strongly exposed in the context of village development. They constitute the foun-dation of contemporary existence of the place, improvement of its image, popularity.
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In the elaboration special attention has been paid to the spa function that in a little different way forms the rural environment. The above issues have been discussed on the example of the Opole village Kamień Śląski. Besides the typically agricultural function it significantly plays the tourist function. A special attention should be paid to the spa function that is the component of generally comprehended tourism. Although this place does not have the status of spa, one must admit that ultimately it may possibly try to get it. Thoroughly carried out "village renovation", cultural heritage preserved in its area additionally foster the growth of tourist sector.
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Srebrna Góra is a village with a population of ca. 1500 inhabitants located in Ząbkowice poviat. From the year 1536 it was a town with town rights. In the post-war Poland, Srebrna Góra was not qualified as a town. It is still a village, but with its urban design, it looks like a small town. The analyses, site inspections, inventory-taking and interviews with the inhabitants made it possible for the author to get acquainted with the village and its general potential as well as to come to certain conclusions, esp. in the context of unused touristic potential of this special place. The biggest tourist attractions of Srebrna Góra include: The Srebrna Góra Fortress, Old Town, Sowia Góra railway and medieval silver mine adits. ...
In the elaboration attention has been paid to Szczawnica, a town in Mało-polskie province, Nowy Targ poviat, located in one of the most beautiful spots in the South Poland, where Pieniny Mountains meet Beskid Sądecki, in the valley of Grajcarka stream, tributary of Dunajec. Since the half of 19th century it has been a famous spa, functioning for almost 200 years. In 2005 by court's ruling the spa returned to its prewar owners - the family of Stadniccy counts. Carried out anal-yses, on-site visits, stocktaking, local surveys enabled learning more about the place, bringing closer its general potential, enabled drawing proper conclusions, especially in the context of tourist potential including spa potential of this special place, taking into consideration first of all unique natural environment. ...
The article compares the level of technical infrastructure development in rural districts of Jelenia Góra. Taxonomic meters of development have been con-structed based on a set of characteristics of selected municipalities in the field of three categories: sewer and water mains, gas and district heating and transport, waste management and environmental protection (such as water supply, gas dis-tribution network, or the percentage of population served by sewage treatment plants). The study ranks the collection of cross-sectional data for 2009. ...
Spa town are usually areas highly attractive with regard to country lore and their natural environment. The environmental values of each spa influence their efficiency. Environmental values include: elements of tourist infrastructure, tourist attractions, tourist services which are in demand on the tourism market. Two spas from the Kotlina Jeleniogórska have been the subject of the study: Świeradów-Zdrój and Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój. One may consider them to be the more efficient spas in the Lower Silesia region. To a certain degree, they owe the high level of curative services they provide, as well as the standard of their spa infrastructure, to the basic determinants of the area, which influence the spatial features of the spas. These determinants include: sources of therapeutic natural resources (the climate, mineral springs, peats, peloids); green patterns which are unique with regard to their aesthetic, historical and compositional values; the presence of neighbouring large forest complexes, which influence the climatic and therapeutic conditions and which provide an aesthetic background for the spa establishment; the spa's localisation within or in the vicinity of legally protected areas; its localisation in areas traditionally used for leisure; its localisation in ar-eas accessible through public transport (efficient communication routes).
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The research described in this paper is centred around the small spa village of Goczałkowice-Zdrój (German: Bad Gottschalkowitz), located in the south of Poland, in the Silesian Voivodeship, the Pszczyński poviat, and the Goczałkowice-Zdrój commune. Along with the rise in the importance of the tourist services sector - including spa services - the tourist product of this tourist town has become the subject of a complex analysis and evaluation in the context of adapting it to the requirements of the market and the needs of consumers, as well as indicating directions for its development. In order to be successful on the national and international tourist market, as well as stay ahead of their competitors, Polish spas should adjust their policies to the needs and determinants of the contemporary market, providing a proper product - preferably an individualised and integrated one, sufficient for the challenging triple-segmented (patient, patient-tourist, tourist) market. ...
The dominant spa-function of a small town is given attention in the study which was based on Busko-Zdrój, a town with 17 035 permanent inhabitants. Busko-Zdrój is a unique place in the southern part of Świętokrzyskie Voivodship, 50 km from Kielce and 80 km from Kraków. It was as early as in the year 1252 that brine exploitation started here. During the search for rock salt, mineral waters with medicinal properties were found. An intense development of the spa took place from 1866 - structure among others of bathrooms, spa park, hospital, boarding houses around the spa park. Besides sulphurous waters, mineral sludge from the ponds nearby were also used for therapeutical purposes. The inter- and post-war era was the period of brilliance for Busko- Zdrój. At present, sulphurous and iodide-bromide waters, as well as peloids, are used for medical treatment. There are 13 spa-hotels offering 2066 beds. Ca. 1.5 million treatments are performed every year, 800 thousand of them are sulphide baths. Diseases of circulatory and locomotor systems, rheumatic, orthopedic, neurological and dermatological disorders as well as childhood diseases (e.g. cerebral palsy) are treated in Busko-Zdrój. The spa function of this small town helped in its development and ...
The study deals with the well-established spa-recreational function in the small Austrian town of Baden bei Wien (Baden ner Vienna), part of the Vienna agglomeration. Its location in the Vienna Woods is especially beneficial to the city's inhabitants, who consider this spa town as a major place for rest and relaxation, especially on the weekends. The combination of medical functions with tourist functions brought to life in Baden bei Wien is a positive phenomena, since spas based exclusively on the medical-therapeutic model are not always able to survive within market economy. The spa model, based only on spa treatment, without any recreational-tourist activity, stands against EU requirements and contemporary expectations within market economy. ...
The study shows the uncommon combination of the curative function with the industrial function as exemplified by the Ustroń spa. Ustroń is a small town with 15 588 residents. It is located in the southern part of the Silesia voivodeship, in the Cieszyn powiat. It is part of the Silesian Beskids and is also located in the valley of the Vistula river and its Jaszowiec tributary, at the foot of Równica. In the last couple of centuries Ustroń was subject to significant spatial and developmental changes. This involves the succession of functions from agriculture, herding, wagoning, iron mining, steel-work, activities related to metal and machine industry to the tourist function, especially curative and recreational tourism. The coexistence of the two functions can be referred to as uncommon as usually they are mutually exclusive and do not exist alongside. Research conducted in Ustroń allowed to conclude that it is an example of a town in which these two very different functions may in fact complement each other. The coexistence of the industrial function with the curative-recreational function has been possible for many years due to the location's numerous tourist values, especially environmental ones. A great role in the development of Ustroń ...
The study focuses on the unique architecture, urban layout, infrastructure and spatial order of the Nikiszowiec housing estate in Katowice. The workers' estate was built for the people working in the "Giesche" mine between the years 1908-1918. One of the site's more interesting features is its logical and coherent urban composition. It comprises of 9 enclosed blocks of varying size, which contain stores and other service facilities apart from ground floor residential developments. The numerous architectural details, aptly implemented and interesting in their design, prevent the feeling of monotony, despite the buildings being built using red mudbrick, which adds to the site's uniform style, form and colour. The estate is nowadays referred to as an "architectural wonder" and is considered a historical monument. ...
The study deals with Świeradów-Zdrój, one of the many spas in the Lower Silesia region. This small town of 4 498 residents (as registered in March 31, 2011) and of 20,72 km² of area is located in the south-western part of the Lower Silesian voivodeship, and in the southern part of the Lubań poviat. It is partially located in the Sudetes at 450-710 mamsl, in the Izerskie Mountains and in the valley of the Kwisa river (the so-called Świeradów Dell) and in the vicinity of Jelenia Góra. The study focuses mostly on the town's large-size spa structures, the forms they assume, the building material, their colours and age. These buildings are undoubtedly a source of the town's spa potential, as well as an element of its tourist potential, especially when it comes to skiing. ...
The conducted study was aimed at answering the following question: is it possible for the industrial function to coexist with the curative function? Was it justified to convert the spa town into an industrial centre? The authors took into account the still-existing curative potential of the former Jastrzębie-Zdrój spa. The second half of the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s was a time when it flourished as a therapeutic centre, with the curative facilities built before the second world war being rebuilt and modernised. The local authorities considered this to be a priority, as the spa town was the single large employer in this small town. Despite its glory as a resort in the years following the war, due to social, political and economic decisions as well as due to the exploitation of black coal which began in the 1960s, the rather miniscule town of over 8 000 inhabitants transformed into a large industrial city with more than 100 000 citizens. At first, its curative function coexisted with the rapidly developing industrial function. It turned out that it was possible for them to accompany each other, though it might have seemed before that they were mutually exclusive. The spa ...
The article discusses the problems of reclamation and redevelopment of degraded land in Poland. Conducting corrective activities, related to land reclamation, remains the manifestation of care for the environment and has impact on reducing negative human influence on the environment. The measures used for this purpose should compensate for the lost values. Planning any corrective activities in degraded areas should take place at the earliest possible stage for the reclamation processes to function properly. The problems related to degraded and devastated areas, requiring reclamation or reclaimed and later developed, were analyzed in detail based on the available data about the size of degraded areas. Attention was paid to the size of the discussed phenomenon occurrence in order to determine the scale of the problem, having considered its spatial aspect. The conducted analysis also consisted in specifying activities as a result of which the largest degraded area is created, as well as identifying the leading directions of such reclamation. The article presents an attempt to answer the question about the approach towards reclamation activities in recent years in Poland. ...
The study is focused on the tourist offer of three selected, most popular Czech spas, i.e. Karlovy Vary, (Karlsbad), Mariánské Lázně, (Marienbad) and Františkovy Lázně, (Franzensbad), also referred to as the French Riviera of Central Europe. In the context of communication system they are located in close vicinity to each other and not far from the German border. Their tourist offer is abundant and diversified. Everyone can find there something for him/herself, both a bather and a broadly approached tourist, in each season of the year, having various financial resources at the disposal, primarily due to a well-developed multi-functionality of these spa resorts. The conducted analyses allowed learning more about the studied locations, comparing them and drawing adequate conclusions. It should be added that all three places are applying to be included on the UNESCO World Heritage List (as having the most valuable places and objects on the global scale). It is worth emphasizing that they are the oldest and probably the most frequently visited resorts in Central Europe (their therapeutic waters have been used since Roman times, i.e. for over 2000 years, which is confirmed by numerous Roman and Celtic coins found near spa water springs). The carried out ...
Duszniki-Zdrój is a city located in the western part of the Kotlina Kłodzka, near the Czech border. The national road no. 8, which runs through the city, provides convenient communication with the region. The most important factors are: proximity of larger towns such as Kłodzko, Wałbrzych or Wroclaw and other health resorts such as Kudowa-Zdrój, Polanica-Zdroj, Lądek-Zdrój and the existence of dynamically developing winter sports centre Zieleniec which is located within the administrative boundaries of the city. All these factors generate a large number of tourists. Duszniki-Zdrój is an attractive town with the status of a health resort. Currently it is a multifunctional tourist centre rather than a single-function spa resort. The article presents a research thesis: "Is the further spatial development of this spa town possible and advisable?". The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the developmental spatial capabilities of this town. A detailed inventory specifying how land is used has been carried out. In order to better understand the local conditions, the general division into urban units was made. Urban, multi-family, recreational and mixed housing complex, single family housing, agricultural and forestry complex were marked out. An analysis covering the most important elements affecting the ...
Lądek Zdrój is one of the oldest Lower Silesia health-resorts. Historical, economic conditions, restrictions and natural advantages are fundamental factors shaping the peculiar format of the health-resort. In 1945 so far successively shaped identity of the entity was discontinued. The issue is: to what extent implemented new individual components of the building development are amending so far formed architectural forms and functional arrangements. In the post-war period, mainly in 70ties, residential buildings and objects performing the healing function were raised. Detailed analysis is pointing, that body, form, arrangement of newly raised residential objects isn't correlated with historically formed characteristics. It is being proved that a scope of the disagreement is a form of contradictions or even of conflict and the deformation of the landscape inside. Healing objects are a realization, what's more without no significant associations with the local style, of standardized typical solutions. It is stated that by definition it was already decided to introduce strange landscape forms into the local characteristic representing the exaggerated monumentality. ...
The aim of this work was to examine the current development status and existing functional structure of selected areas, formerly owned by State Farms (PGR), and to indicate the unused potential of the analyzed areas and determine their suitability for new functions. The created characteristics allowed to determine the original and current state of selected PGR complexes. A comparative analysis of the examined former state farms was carried out from the beginning of their existence to the current state of development. Presented is the spatial development method of the studied former state farms and their compliance, with planning documents. analyzed; study of conditions and directions of spatial development, local spatial development plan, decisions on building conditions and decisions on public purpose investment. The research included important elements in the field of conservation protection, environmental protection and ownership of land and buildings. Attention was also paid to strategic planning for the analyzed areas that were originally part of the PGR complex. The SWOT / TOWS analysis was also used to determine the current state of the studied area. It allowed to choose the right strategy for a specific former state farm complex. Using the business model of Canvas, specified the path, ...
