The subject of this elaboration is the management of wastes that are generated on the Trzciana community area in Bochnia County. This commune at 4167,8 ha a surface actually has 5182 inhabitants that produce nowadays about 20% (228,1 Mg∙year-1) of all municipal wastes. The total mass of wastes generated in this area is being estimated for about 2378,0 Mg∙year-1 that includes municipal wastes (1189 Mg∙year-1), sewage sludge (4,3 Mg∙year-1), industrial wastes (1151,6 Mg∙year-1), hazardous wastes (5,1 Mg∙year-1), used lead accumulators (6,2 Mg∙year-1), medical wastes (0,2 Mg∙year-1), veterinary wastes (0,02 Mg∙year-1) and used tyres (21,0 Mg∙year-1). 96 In respect to its own infrastructure, the analysed commune is neglected, doesn’t have group water supply system and it isn’t sewered. There is also lack of controlled landfill sites and points of stockpiling wastes in this area. For the last few years only sack and container system near cemeteries have worked. It is estimated that by the year 2014, population growth in the Trzciana commune will result in increasing quantity of total wastes up to about 6298,4 Mg (177,7% of present wastes production) and municipial wastes up to ca. 2268,2 Mg. Subsequently, recovery and recycling technology will cut municipal wastes production by about 1139,5 ...
The article presents the results of water consumption analysis by two groups of users connected to the waterworks in Jordanów. The first group included 33 one-family constructions (detached houses) consisted of families with 1–8 persons, the second included 20 households of multifamily constructions (blocks of flats), that consisted of 1-7 persons. Water consumption was measured on the basis of the water meters readings, in two to four months intervals (53 to 125 days) in detached houses and in months’ intervals (28 to 33 days) in blocks of flats. The testing cycle lasted over three years (from 08.03.2002 to 30.06.2006) in the case of the one-family constructions and over two years (from 24.01.2004 to 26.06.2006) in the case of the multifamily constructions. The highest converted average daily water consumption for the detached house (containing 5 people) in the analyzed period was 597,70 dm3·d-1. It showed the 97,5% difference from the average value, which in this type of buildings amounts amounted 302,69 dm3·d-1. In the blocks of flats (multifamily constructions) the maximum converted average daily water consumption was 484,67 dm3·d-1 (with 7 people in the building). It varied a lot from the average value for this type of buildings, which amounted 245,97 ...
In this study characteristics of drilled wells and artesian waters taken from them that occured in the formations of Quaternary, Miocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic and Carboniferous period of the Extra Carpathian part of Małopolska province, was presented. The study area includes the central and northern part of Małopolska province, where such a morphological and tectonic units like Oświęcim and Sandomierz Valleys (the Carpathian Depression), Miechów (Nida) Trough, Śląsko-Krakowska Upland (Monocline) and Górnośląska Upland (Depression) were located. The artesian waters of study area taken from 116 drilled wells with depth from about 14,5 (Quaternary) to 1923,5 m (Miocene) and unitary yield from 0,001(Jurassic) to 375,0 (Triassic) m3·h-1·m-1 were characterised by artesian pressure from 2,0 up to 702,1 m H2O and useful pressure from 0,1 up to 18,5 m H2O. The unitary yield of Quaternary wells varied from 0,54 to 7,06 m3·h-1·m-1, Miocene wells 0.01–10.38 m3·h-1·m-1, Creatceous 0.03–52.94 m3·h-1·m-1, Jurassic 0.001-14.8 m3·h-1·m-1, Triassic 9.35-375.0 m3·h-1·m-1 and Carboniferous 2.99 m3·h-1·m-1. The highest unitary yield was detected in Triassic and the lowest in Quaternary formation. The artesian pressure ranged from 10.0 to 50.0 m H2O and useful pressure 1.0–5.0 m H2O characterised majority of wells in the study area, respectively 43 (36.8% of all) ...
In this study characteristics of drilled wells and artesian waters taken from them that occured in the formations of Quaternary period, Miocene period, paleoStefan Satora 168 gene, Oligocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic and Carboniferous period of Małopolska province, was presented. The artesian waters taken from 116 drilled wells with depth from about 14,5 (Quaternary) to 5261,0 m (Oligocene) and unitary capacity from 0,001(Jurassic) to 375,0 (Triassic) m3·h-1·m-1 were characterised by artesian pressure from 2,0 up to 3021,0 m H2O and useful pressure from 0,1 up to 245,0 m H2O. The highest artesian and useful pressures were found in wells taken from clastic, flysh Oligocene layers of Interior Carpathian, and the lowest – in wells the was recharged by sandy-gravel of formation Quaternary. The highest amount of artesian wells on the studied area, 69 of artesian wells that constituted about 42,6% of all, is recharged by carbonate measures of Mesozoic era. ...
The paper presents the ways of catching raw water in the investigated in-takes on The San River for supplying of the chosen agglomerations as well as its quality analyses’ results. Moreover it presents results of analy-ses concerning amount of water collected for waterworks’ needs in water intakes in three places: Zasław, Trepcza (for Sanok and Zagórze) and Jarosław. The total amount of the taken water in 2006 for the above mentioned towns - 4,47 m3.s-1 – constitutes the significant (55,9%) part of the low flows of The San River. Water taken for Sanok, Zagórze and Jaro-slaw from S.U.W. is the surface water, regarding the quality, this water belongs to the A3 category, which needs the high performance physical, chemical and bacteriological (disinfection) treatment. The average concentration of total sus-pended solids in 2006 in the raw water was 11,4 mg.dm-3 in the intake in Zasław town, whereas in the Trepcza intake this concentration valued 19,2 mg.dm-3. The average amount of the fecal coliforms in Zasław town was 2222 c.f.u. in 100 ml of raw water, whereas in Trepcza it valued 3275 c.f.u in 100 ml of raw water. The average pollution concentrations in water taken in Jarosław intake in the period ...
In the article the variability of concentration of selected chemical proper-ties as well as chemical composition of underground waters intaken by drilled wells on the area of carpathian part of Malopolska province was presented. Men-tioned underground waters occured in the clastic and flysch rocks of Quateriary, Paleogene and Cretaceous period. The chemical properties included the amount of total mineral solids, total hardness and pH reaction of water, whereas chemi-cal composition - the analysis of HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+, Mn2+ iones concentration. As regards total mineralization the studied waters were described as normal sweet, slightly alkaline and medium hard. Most often they contained higher levels of Fe2+ and Mn2+ iones, sometimes also SO42-, Cl- and Na+. The quantity of statistics variability coefficient of analyzed chemical parameters showed that pH reaction of studied waters was classi-fied as low variable, total mineral solids, total hardness, HCO32-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ (except Quaternary waters), K+ (except Quaternary and Cretaceous waters) as medium variable, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43- i Mn2+ (only in Quaternary waters), Na+ and K+ (only in Cretaceous waters), Fe2+ and Mn2+ as higly variable (variability coefficient > 100). As regards hydrochemical properties analyzed Quaternary waters were ...
The paper considers the regime of springs which flow out in the area of the top parts of two catchments of Mszanka and Kamienica springs located in the we-stern part of The Beskid Wyspowy Mountains and in the north-eastern part of The Gorce Mountains. The analyzed regime consists of the measurements of the spring water efficiency and temperature (quantitative) and the results of the chemical analyses of the water samples (qualitative). The quantitative regime of springs was measured once, frequently and systematically (stationary), whereas the qualitative regime was measured frequently two to six times. The carried out research indica-tes that in the tested area of Mszanka catchment 192 springs occur and in the Ka-mienica catchment - 33 springs. The efficiency of springs which were analyzed once in the Mszanka catchment ranged between 2,0-200,0 dm3 ∙ min-1, with the water temperature of 5,0-13,0ºC. Most frequently the gravity springs and hillside springs, qualified by Meinzer to V-VI classes flew out of the Krosno Beds, then from the Kanina Beds and from eocene spilosites. On the other hand, in the area of the Kamienica catchment, the efficiency of the springs which were measured once, ranged between 2,0 and120,0 dm3∙min-1, with the water temperature ...
The subject of the study is quaternary groundwater intaken by 10 drilled wells numbered as follows: S-7a, S-9a, S-11b, S-12b, S-15a, S-16a, S-17a, S-18a, S-20a and S-21 constructed in the period 1971 - 1993 and forming "Stare ujęcie" located in Stalowa Wola. Total manganese concentration in waters of "Stare ujęcie" intake falls within the range from 0.001 mgMn•dm-3 to 2.57 mgMn•dm-3, and total iron - from 0.01 mgFe•dm-3 to 6.50 mgFe•dm-3. Given the quality classification of "Stare ujęcie" waters - they predominantly belong to 3rd and 4th class and their quality is unsatisfactory. The chemical composition variability of the intaken waters is spatially presented in the study in the form of hydroisolines, while the temporal variability was discussed descriptively and with the use of statistical coefficient of variation. The variability of total iron concentration in waters of "Stare ujęcie" is very high in the case of wells S-7a and S-17a, in the case of wells S-9a, S-18a, S-20a and S-21 - it is high, while in well S-15a the variability is medium. Concentration of total manganese in waters of wells S-15a and S-18a is characterized by low variability, in waters of wells S-7a, S-9a and S-21 - by medium variability, ...
Changes of underground waters quality in the intakes located in the intensive industrialization and mining area are caused by anthropogenic activity. The type of quality changes is essential to use these waters in water-supply systems. It also allows for accepting proper solution of extension of intake or introduce possible protection relatively to source evoking these changes (bring about changes). The subject of research presented in this article is variability of selected quality parameters such as dry residuum, total hardness, concentration of sulfate, chloride, calcium and magnesium ion concentrations of underground waters from four intakes located in eastern part of Zapadlisko Górnośląskie. Dobra 1 and 2, Bielany and Galmany intakes include six drilled wells of 88,0-101,5 meters depth and discharge about 700,0-800,0 m3*d-1 taken water from Triassic formation and ventilating-filling shaft J. Dąbrowski of 103,0 meters depth and 2000 m3*d-1 capacity that takes water from Carbon formation. Detailed analysis of chemical composition variability indicates big changes of dry residuum in Triassic waters intake Galmany, smaller in Bielany and Dobra 1. High variability of water hardness and Ca, SO4 and Cl ion concentrations was affirmed in Dobra 1 intake and Cl and SO4 occurred in Bielany. Considerable variability of all analysed components ...
In the article was presented variability of iron and manganese ions concentration during the decade 1993-2002 in the underground waters of „Bzin" water intake that supply water pipe for Skarżysko-Kamienna city. The Bzin water intake includes six drilled wells of 37 to 60 meters depth and 74 to 341 m3/h capacity that intake underground waters from carbonated, slotted Triassic formation. Conducted research indicated very high variability of analyses compounds. The analysis of Fe and Mn ions variability in the underground Triassic waters of Bzin intake showed that in the well II and III waters decreasing of Mn and Fe concentrations, in the wells I and Ia decreasing only of Mn concentration and increasing of Fe level, however in wells IIIb and IV increasing both Mn and Fe concentrations was followed during progressive exploitation. In case of Fe ions, concentration in exploited water reached up to 1,52 mg/dm3 (well I) and manganese up to 0,78 mg/dm3 (well Ia). First class waters (very good quality) occurred throughout research period in the well 3b, and the worst third and forth class: in the year 1997, in the well 4, that was connected with high concentration of Fe and Mn ions, and throughout whole ...
Presence of mineral waters in different regions of Poland is associated with particular geological structure, which often depends on tectonic conditions. This situation occurs in tectonic trench of Krzeszowice near by Krakow, where on tectonic disturbances of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks presenting bedrock deposit marine Cenozoic formation date Tertiary-Miocene, contains not only clay but also sulfate and chloride chemical deposits (gypsum, anhydrite and halite). Infiltration, precipitation waters penetration in sedimentary rocks during long-lasting term leaching liable to mineralization become mineral waters of more than 1000 mg/dm3 mineral content. Mineral waters that occurrs in this region, are Miocene sulfate –calcium- magnesium waters flout out in spring “Zdrój Główny” and “Zofia” and taken by wells R-1 and R-2 and also Jurassic-Cretaceous waters chloride - sulfate- sodium waters present in well S-2. Shallow Miocene mineral water is infiltration water with very long circulation period (more than 50 years). Presence in them sulfate, calcium ions and hydrogen sulfide is connected with dissolution processes of Miocene gypsum deposits and with secondary changes that are affected by presence of more reducing conditions of environment. Water from deeper Jurassic-Cretaceous horizon are older than water form shallow Miocene horizon. Mineralization of this water is connected with water admixture ...
The paper presents the results of the research regarding the amount of sewage inflowing by the sewerage system and the amount of sewage brought to the collective sewage treatment plant in Nowe Brzesko with the sanitation vehicle. The analyzed treatment plant is located in the area of Nowe Brzesko town in Nowe Brzesko Economic Area on the left bank of the Vistula River. Domestic sewage from 250 buildings are drained into this object. The analysis of the amount of sew-age was carried out in the period from January 2005 to December 2007. In this period the amount of sewage inflowing and brought in each month was defined in order to compare this amount with the designed one. Moreover, the paper presents the frequency of the defined amounts of inflowing sewage occurrence, as well as the probability of their occurrence. After data analysis, it was stated that the tested object is hydraulically under-loaded. In 2005 the actual amount of treated sewage constituted only 20,4% of the established treatment plant capacity, in 2006 this amount was 22% and in 2007 – 26,7%. In the period of 3 years high irregu-larity of the amount of incoming and brought sewage in each month was ...
In the elaboration the size and variability of water consumption by the two groups of users connected to the main water supply in Olkusz were presented. The consumption of water has been estimated on the basis of the readings of water me-ters conducted in 2005-2007 within the group of detached houses and in 2004––2007 within the group of residential building block of flats). A detailed analysis of water consumption demonstrated, that the unitary average daily water consump-tion within detached houses amounted to 75,96 dm3•d-1•M-1 whereas in residential buildings it amounted to 87,78 dm3•d-1•M-1. Both consumptions have been remain-ing on the similar level in comparison to the water consumption of other cities in the Małopolska region. In the analyzed group of detached houses within the stud-ied period there has been a 5,2% decrease in water consumption, while in the residential buildings the 6,6% increase was detected. The unitary daily water con-sumption within the group of detached houses and residential buildings decreases with the increasing of the number of residents. An average real unitary water con-sumption within detached houses has been 24% lower from the standard consump-tion, whereas within residential buildings the result amounted to 45,1% from standard water consumption. The variability ...
The volume and variability of water consumption by inhabitants of town of Mszana Dolna was defined on the basis of readings from meters in 35 buildings in the period 2001–2007. The analysis performed showed that the average daily wa-ter consumption in Mszana Dolna totalled 78,79 dm3.d-1.M-1 in single family houses and 83,80 dm3.d-1.M-1 in block of apartments, which is similar to water consumption in other places across southern Poland. In the buildings analyzed, a continuous drop in water consumption was recorded, which in the period ana-lyzed reached 25% in houses and 15,5% in blocks of apartments. The number of units of water consumed in houses also decreased despite the increase in the num-ber of inhabitants. Average daily water consumption in single family houses reached a peak in summer, while lowest water consumption levels were recorded in autumn. Differences in water consumption volumes in particular seasons in blocks of apartments are marginal. Average household consumption was by 21,2% lower than the consumption levels specified in the standard, while the difference in block of apartments amounted to 47,6%. ...
The paper presents the reliability of the sewage treatment plant operation for Tuchów commune. The research was carried out from January 2005 to December 2006. The following sewage pollution ratios were physico-chemically analyzed: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids. In order to define the proper treatment plant's operation, the reliability coefficient was calculated (RC) for each of the tested indexes. The empiric reliability was presented. The amount of transgresions of the admissible index values presented in the water-law permis-sion was described. Moreover, the efficiency of the ratios' decrease in the tested period was defined.The carried out research showed the high efficiency of the pollutants' amount decrease: BOD5 - 90,7%, CODCr - 86,6%, total suspended solids - 90,5%. The calculated Reliability Coefficients RC of the analyzed indexes amounted respectively: for BOD5 - 0,52, for CODCr - 0,31 and for total sus-pended solids 0,62. ...
The paper presents the efficiency of the sewage treatment based on the ex-ample of the sewage treatment plant for Krynica-Zdrój. The research was carried out from January 2006 to December 2007. The following sewage pollution indexes were physico-chemically tested: BOD5, CODCr, total suspended solids, general ni-trogen and general phosphorus. The reliability coefficient (RC) was calculated for each of the analyzed indexes. The amount of the transgressions of the admissible index values in relation to the water law permission was defined. Moreover, the ef-fectiveness of the indexes' decrease in the tested period was analyzed. Additionally the amount of sewage flowing into the treatment plant in each months of the tested period was presented. The carried out research showed the high efficiency of the pollutants' removal. The average reduction of the tested indexes balanced on the level of: BOD5 - 95,03%, CODCr - 90,98%, total suspended solids - 94,76%, gen-eral nitrogen - 79,79%, general phosphorus - 63,5%. ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of selected conta-minants in sewers produced during sauerkraut fermentation. The samples were collected in three farms located in the Charsznica district (Malopolska province), from biggest producers of sauerkraut on this area. During the experiments BOD5, COD, pH, total suspended matter as well as the concentration of chloride, nitrate and ammonium ions were determined. The obtained results were submitted a de-tailed analysis and were compared with the standard values which are valid for sewers drained to the waters and ground. Allowed limits of BOD5, COD and chlo-ride concentration were exceeded several hundred times in analysed brines after fermentation, it was also found that the samples were characterized by over several or dozen times higher levels of NH4+ i NO3- ions, total suspended matter and pH compare to standard values. Brines obtained after sauerkraut fermentation in the Charsznica district (Malopolska province) cannot be directly treated using biolog-ical methods, but should be earlier diluted and then neutralized.
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The aplication of selected methods of the hydrogeochemical statistical analysis is presented in the paper. Statistical methods were applied to initially identify of the formation processes of water chemical composition of groundwater within the Lesser Poland Voivodeship area. As results of the cluster analysis three clusters' set of forming the chemical composition of groundwater's was distinguished (fig. 2). A set of three factors forming the chemical composition of groundwaters was distinguished as a result of the factor analysis (fig. 3, tab. 1). All statistical methods used were found out to be susceptible upon hydrogeochemical anomaly. Taking into account the observed susceptible of cluster analysis its application makes it impossible to describe enough correctly the formation of the chemical composition of groundwaters within the study area. Using the factor analysis attained the best results but this method is also susceptible upon anomaly cases. The statistical methods used were found out as helpful. However, the interpretation of research results without the additionally factors is intractable, especially for the case of hydrogeochemical anomaly. ...
The aim of the article is to present the changes in water and wastewater management in Poland before and during the WFD implementation. The basis for the analysis was data from Statistical Yearbook from Central Statistical Office – Environment Protection and from National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment implementation reports. The total amount of the treated sewage in Poland increased by about 37,9% in multi-years period of 1980-2007, whereas the amount of untreated sew-age delivered to the environment decreased by as much as 83,4%. Moreover, the tendency for increasing amount of sewage treated in high performance technolo-gies is observed. The direct symptom of improvement in the situation is the ten-dency of decreasing BOD5, suspended solids, general nitrogen and general phos-phorus in the sewage drained into water or ground. Such tendency is visible especially regarding the two first indexes. As a result of National Programme for Municipal Waste Water Treatment implementation since 1990 the increase of amount of people who use the sewage treatment plant is clearly seen. Unfortu-nately, disproportions occur in the amount of tenants of cities and villages who use the sanitation and sewage treatment plants. At the end of 2006 about 85% people in cities exploited ...
The paper presents analysis of modernization possibilities of the techno-logical chain in the sewage treatment plant in Lopuszna concerning removal of biogenic pollutants. High operation effectiveness of the analyzed treatment plant is important regarding the protection of water in the cascade of Czorsztyn-Niedzica-Sromowce Wyzne reservoirs against the excessive pollution. The assess-ment of modernization possibilities of the treatment plant was based on the num-ber of computer simulations upon the ASIM2d model. This model includes 21 separate processes, which were divided into: hydrolysis processes, processes with heterotrophic bacteria XH, processes with poliphosphates' accumulating bacteria XPAO, processes with nitrifiers XAUT and chemical processes.The analysis revealed that low effectiveness of biogenic substance removal in the objective treatment plant results from the lack of activated sludge recircula-tion into the anaerobic chamber which causes that the biological dephosphatation process is not sufficient enough. The situation will change if the internal and external recirculation chain is corrected and the anaerobic chamber is included in the technological chain of the objective sewage treatment plant. ...
