Chosen chemical, physical and biological properties of a fallow soil as well as plant succession in the first year after cultivation of chosen cereals (buckwheat, millet, maize) and potatoes under sprinkler irrigation, were determined in the paper. Trials were conducted in 2005 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a very light soil classified to weak rye complex of agricultural suitability. It was found that in regard of granulation, humus horizons of the studied soil belonged to two textural groups: loose sandy soil and coarse sandy soil. They contained from 3 to 6 % silt and clay whereas the content of organic carbon was typical for sandy soils and ranged from 9,40 to 9,90 g*kg-1. There were no marked and oriented differences in the organic carbon content between control fields and those which were previously irrigated. On the basis of available phosphorus and potassium contents, the humus horizons of the studied soil can be included to I–III and I–IV classes of soil fertility, respectively. Soil pH was very differentiated. In the first year of fallow, annual plants of arable lands were dominant (mostly Conyza canadiensis). It was connected with properties of habitat, and on the other hand with agricultural practices which ...
Effects of three different irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation, micro-jet sprinkling and drip irrigation) on the one-year old verrucose birch production under conditions of zoomelioration, are compared in the paper. Zoomelioration measures consisted in introduction of living edaphon with organic matter of forest soil to the nursery soil. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out in forest nursery at Białe Błota, Forest Inspectorate of Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a brown podzolic soil formed from loose sandy soil. Experiment was established as one-factorial trial in randomized block method with four replications. Studied pressure irrigation systems significantly increased the height and diameter of verrucose birch seedlings grown under conditions of zoomelioration. Increased height of verrucose birch seedlings obtained thanks to irrigation ranged from 76 to 100%. Diameter of seedlings was increased by irrigation in the range 67 – 84%. The lowest relative increases of studied biometric features were found under drip irrigation. On the other hand, this irrigation system was characterized by the most economical of water use as compared to micro-jet sprinkling and sprinkler irrigation. Micro-jet sprinkling was the most advantageous in consideration of both the studied growing vigour features of seedlings. This irrigation method simultaneously secured slightly lower seasonal irrigation ...
The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The soil in horizon 0–50 cm was characterized by field water capacity 57 mm, useful retention 43 mm and effective useful retention 30 mm only. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with three replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: Wo – without irrigation (control), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitrogen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): N0 = 0 kg N ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N ha -1. Water requirements of true millet were estimated as optimal rainfall amounts for this crop, according to Klatt and Press proposals. Mean - for two seasons - water needs of true millet (since May 1 to August 31) amounted 278 and 294 mm, for Klatt and Press proposals, ...
Two soil profiles at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz were studied at the paper. Characteristic of soils and their water properties were determined. Air temperature (t) values and rainfall amounts (P) in particular months of vegetation period (April–September) in 1997–2006 for the investigated area were given. The vegetation period was characterized by mean air temperature 14,4 °C, ranging in particular years from 13,4 to 15,2 °C. Rainfall total during the vegetation period amounted on average 283,4 mm, ranging from 177,5 to 377 mm. Potential evapotranspiration (Etp) amounts were also determined using Grabarczyk’s formula. Irrigation requirements under the considered soil-climatic conditions were determined according to the following Drupka’s proposal: rainfall total (P) in the vegetation period as well as potential evapotranspiration (Etp) and difference Etp – P. Irrigation is needed when rainfall is lower than 370 mm, Etp is higher than 515 mm, and difference Etp – P is higher than 150 mm. On the base of rainfall amounts in vegetation period it can be stated that in years 1997-2006 irrigation requirements have been occurred in 8 seasons, and in two remaining years irrigation also could be needed because rainfall amounts were slightly higher from 370 mm (only by 4 and 7 ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of mulching and or-ganic fertilization on growth parameters of one-year old Scots pine seedlings as well as on the occurrence of soil mites (Acari) under conditions of irrigation. Fe-licity of proposed revitalization measures was conducted with the use of the bio-indication method. In this investigation the indicatory organisms were mites, common and very numerous in forest soils. The experiment was carried out in forest nursery Bielawy (Forest Inspectorate Dobrzejewice). The slightly loamy sand was predominant on the studied area. Experiment was design as two-factorial trial (split-plot), replicated four times. The first row factor was organic fertilization used in the two treatments (main plots): without organic fertilization-control, organic fertilization with compost from forest cap - humus applied before sowing of Scots pine seeds (spring 2008). The second row factor was mulching used in the two treatments (subplots): without mulching - control, mulching with fresh cap-humus from habitat of fresh coniferous forest, which was applied after seedling emergence (September 2008). Influence of both the two investigated factors (organic fertilization and mulching) on the growth indices of seedlings was insignificant. It was observed that seedlings cultivated on the plots fertilized with compost and ...
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of organic fertiliza-tion and mulching on the growth of one-year old Scots pine seedlings (Pinus syl-vestris L.) and biological properties of soils in forest nursery under conditions of micro-sprinkler irrigation. The experiments were carried out in forest nursery Bi-ałe Błota (Forest Inspectorate Bydgoszcz) the rusty soil. Two experiments were conducted: the first one – in 2005, and the second one – in 2006. Both these trials were established as two factorial experiments in split-plot system, in four replica-tions. The first factor was fertilization applied in the two variants: N1 – treated sewage sludge (⅔) + bark (⅓) and N2 – treated sewage sludge (⅔) + sawdust (⅓). The second factor was mulching with fresh cap-humus from the fresh coniferous forest, used in the two variants: S – mulching with litter and C – without mulch-ing (control). The single plot area was m2. Total number of plots in the experiment was 16 (2 investigated factors x 2 variants for a factor x 4 replications). Organic fertilizer was produced on the base of treated sewage sludge (⅔) and Scots pine bark (⅓) or sawdust (⅓). This fertilizer was applied ...
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of mulching and organic fertilization on growth parameters of two-year old Scots pine seedlings as well as on the occurrence of soil mites (Acari) under conditions of irrigation. Fe-licity of proposed revitalization measures was conducted with the use of the bioin-dication method. In this investigation the indicatory organisms were mites, common and very numerous in forest soils. The experiment was carried out in 2009 at forest nursery Bielawy (Forest Inspectorate Dobrzejewice). The slightly loamy sand was predominant on the studied area. Experiment was design as two-factorial trial (split-plot), replicated four times. The first row factor was organic fertilization used in the two treatments (main plots): without organic fertilization-control, organic fertilization with compost from forest cap - humus applied before sowing of Scots pine seeds (spring 2008). The second row factor was mulching used in the two treatments (subplots): without mulching - control, mulching with fresh cap-humus from habitat of fresh coniferous forest, which was applied after seedling emergence (September 2008). It was stated that the influence of both the two investigated factors (organic fertilization and mulching) on the growth indices of two-year old seedlings was significant. Seedlings cultivated on the ...
Irrigation requirements of forest nurseries localized on a sandy soil in the years 2000-2009 in vicinities of Bydgoszcz, Chojnice and Toruń, are compared in the paper. It was found that the water use of the soil layer with controlled moisture calculated for the whole vegetation period (April-September) was the highest in the vicinity of Toruń (524 mm), the lower - in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz (504 mm), and the lowest - in the vicinity of Chojnice (498 mm). The highest monthly water use for evapotranspiration was found in July. This index was the highest for Toruń (126 mm), the lower - for Bydgoszcz (121 mm), and the lowest for Chojnice (116 mm). Seasonal irrigation needs of a forest nursery was the lowest in vicinity of Chojnice (116 mm), the higher in the vicinity of Toruń (170 mm), and the highest in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz (183 mm). The highest monthly irrigation needs - on average for ten years studied - were occurred in June and the lowest - in September. But, these needs were characterized by the very big variability in particular years. In case of uniform rainfall distribution in a particular month, no needs of irrigation would be ...
The influence of fertilization with the compost prepared from treated sewage sludge with bark additive and mulching with the fresh forest ectohumus on the soil conditions, chosen parameters of one-year old European beech seedlings growth as well as the occurrence of soil mites (Acari) with special emphasis of oribatid mites (Oribatida) was investigated in the paper. The trials were carried out in 2008 at forest nursery Białe Błota (Forest District Bydgoszcz) on the rusty soil. The whole area of the experiment was irrigated with the use of stationary sprinkling machine. The soil was characterized by the pH in H2O - 7,41 and that in 1M KCl - 6,88, as well as the low content of available potassium (6,8-7,3 mg K2O 100g-1 of soil) and available phosphorus (8,0 -8,5 mg P2O5 100g-1 of soil). European beech seedlings on plots fertilized with the compost were significantly higher than those grown on plots with mineral fertilization. Influence of mulching - conducted in September - was insignificant on both the studied parameters of one-year old European beech seedlings growth. After the measure of mulching on the adequate plots, the density of mites, especially saprophage oribatid mites. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on yields of ‘Kutnowska' onion grown on the very light soil in the region characterized by rainfall deficits during the vegetation period. Field experiments were carried out in 2003-2004 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a soil belonging to the VI class (degraded black earth belonging to the very poor and poor rye complex). Field water capacity in the layer 0-50 cm amounted 57,5 mm, and the effective useful retention was 29,3 mm. Field trial was established and conducted in three replications as two-factorial experiment in split-plot design. Irrigation was the first order factor used in the two variants: without irrigation (control) and drip irrigation at - 30 kPa. The second order factor was nitrogen fertilization: N0 - 0 kg N ha-1(control), N1 -70 kg N ha-1, N2 - 140 kg N ha-1, N3 - 210 kg N ha-1. Drip irrigation was the basic yield-creating factor, securing the cultivation of onion on the loose sandy soil. Marketable yield obtained from ir-rigated plots - average for years and nitrogen doses - amounted 33,2 t•ha-1. Un-der conditions of optimum moisture secured by irrigation, the ...
Field experiments were conducted in 2011 on the very light soil in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Responses of the three romaine lettuce cultivars grown in spring and autumn to nitrogen fertigation by drip system were compared. Experiments were established as two-factorial trials, four times replicated. The experimental factors were: nitrogen dose of fertigation (25 kg N•ha-1, 50 kg N•ha-1), cultivars (‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina', ‘Romora'). Fertigation was conducted with the usage of proportional mixing dispenser. Higher marketable yield of romaine lettuce cultivars was noted in spring cultivation. Increased nitrogen dose (from 25 kg N•ha-1 to 50 kg N•ha-1) significantly increased marketable yield of lettuce. From among the tested cultivars, ‘Romora' was characterized by the higher yield in spring cultivation whereas ‘Barracuda' - in autumn. ‘Chiquina' was characterized by the lowest yield. The higher weight of a single lettuce head was noted in spring cultivation. The higher nitrogen dose significantly increased the single lettuce head. The highest single lettuce head was noted in case of ‘Barracuda'. On average for cultivars tested, the higher nitrogen dose caused the decrease of dry matter content in leaves of lettuce grown in spring time, and in case of autumn cultivation this tendency was opposite - the higher ...
The results of the studies from 1991-2001 on the impact of drip irrigation and microjet irrigation on the content of chosen heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn) in edible parts of some vegetables (red beet, zucchini, winter squash, snap bean, carrot) and berry-bearing species (chokeberry, black currant, strawberry) are presented in the paper. Field experiments were carried out in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on a soil of V-VI valuation class. The clay content was 7 % in the top soil and from 3 to 5 % in the sub-soil. The average organic matter content was 1,19 %. The water re-serve to 1 m depth of soil at field capacity was 88 mm and the available water 68 mm. The examined factor was irrigation. Three variants of irrigation have been examined: I - control (without irrigation), II - drip irrigation, III - micro-sprinkler irrigation at a soil moisture tension of up to - 0,03 MPa. It was found that irrigation significantly decreased the content of heavy metals in the fresh mass of strawberry fruits, but it influenced not significantly on this content in fruits of chokeberry and black currant. The content of examined elements in the fresh mass of zucchini and winter ...
The study determined the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on growing vigour and degree of mycorrhiza of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings as well as occurrence of soil mites (Acari) after treatment of edafon inoculation. Two-year (2004–2005) field experiments were carried out in forest nursery at Białe Błota, Forest Inspectorate of Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a brown podzolic soil formed from loose sandy soil. The first order factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second order factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). The plot area was 4 m2 and contained 4 rows (4m length) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Total number of plots in each experiment was 24 (3 x 2 x 4). Organic fertilizer was produced on the base of sewage sludge (80%) and highmoor peat (20%). This fertilizer was spread in spring (dose: 100 t · ha-1) and mixed with the topsoil (10 cm deep) before establishing of exact field experiments. Introduction of edaphon consisted in the mixing of topsoil (2 ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of organic fertilization and mulching on the seedling vigour of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and occurrence of soil mites (Acari) in forest- and post-arable soils. Two different nursery experiments were carried out in the vegetation period of the year 2005 on light soils at two sylvan-natural regions of Poland. The first trial was conducted at Białe Błota near Bydgoszcz – on a brown podzolic soil. The second experiment – at Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński – on an acid brown soil. The higher was the rainfall amount during the vegetation period, the lower was the seasonal irrigation rate supplied to European larch seedlings. Because of this the seasonal irrigation water rate applied at Białe Błota was higher than that at Lipnik. European larch seedlings grown on the forest soil were characterized by the increased height and the fresh mass than those cultivated on the post-arable ground. Seedlings grown in the forest soil on treatments mulched with litter were characterized by the increased height and the fresh mass of above-ground parts as compared to those cultivated on control plots (without mulching). Mulching with litter increased the number of mites, especially oribatid ...
The influence of drip irrigation and the three ways of seedling production on the yields of watermelon cv. ‘Bingo’ was determined in field experiments carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first factor – drip irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: O – without irrigation (control), K – drip irriga-tion according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second factor was the light used during the seedling production: S – sunny light (greenhouse, control), N – artificial blue light, D – artificial daylight. It was found that the drip irriga-tion significantly increased marketable fruit yield by 27,5 t.ha-1 i.e. by 156%. Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in green-house (control) – treatment (S), were significantly higher than those obtained on other variants. Significant interaction was occurred between two investigated fac-tors in the marketable yield-creation. Plants from seedlings produced under con-ditions of the sunny light in greenhouse (control) – treatment (S) and grown under drip irrigation, were characterized by significantly higher yields which amounted - on the ...
The aim of the study was to determine the physico-chemical status of soil, vegetation and fauna of soil Acari on the afforested post-military area By-dgoszcz-Jachcice. Two-year old Scots pine seedlings - produced at zoo-melioration treatment applied - were used for afferestation. Investigations were conducted in the year 2008. Experiment was run as two-factorial trial. The first row factor was the way of preparation of the area destined for afforestation: main plot which was previously sown with lupin (A) and the main plot without this sowing (B). The second row factor was the way of seedling production used at forest nursery school (subplots): 1 – compost with addition of bark, without mulching, 2 – compost with addition of bark, with mulching, 3 – compost with addition of sawdust, without mulching, 4 – compost with addition of sawdust, with mulching. Soils of the studied area were classified as rusty soils formed from loose sand. Occurrence of slightly loamy sand characterized by the clay fraction (< 0,002 mm) content, was found on all the plots in the range 4–6%. Differentiation of Corg content ranged from 10,5 to 14,4 g.kg-1. C/N ratio ranged from 17,0 to 23,6. All the plots were characterized by the ...
The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run as a two-factorial trial in a split-plot system with three replications. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two fol-lowing treatments: without irrigation (control), sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitro-gen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N•ha-1. Investigations included estimation of infestation degree: roots with complex of pathogens, stem base with Fusarium spp., Oculimacula spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. On leaves was observed the occurrence of: powdery mildew, Phyllosticta leaf blight, and other necrotic spots. Irrigation caused the significant increase of Fusarium foot rot as well as the decrease of sharp eyespot. Health status of non-irrigated true millet was de-pendent mostly on rainfall. Lower intensity of Fusarium foot rot was noted in the year characterized by lower rainfall amounts during the vegetation period of true millet, but in case of sharp eyespot – in the year ...
The aim of the study was the comparison of the Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.) growth and the state of fauna of soil Acari in 2-year cultivations on the afforested post-military area as well as on the forest soil in District Żołędowo. Two-year old Scots pine seedlings - produced in field nurseries at mulching, organic fertiliza-tion and traditional treatments applied - were used for afferestation and renova-tion. Trials were carried out in the year 2009. The experiment included the follow-ing factors (treatments): the way of preparation of the area destined for afforestation - with sowing of lupin (A) or without lupin (B). The second factor was the way of seedling production used at forest nursery: 1 - compost with addi-tion of bark, without mulching, 2 - compost with addition of bark, with mulching, 3 - compost with addition of sawdust, without mulching, 4 - compost with addi-tion of sawdust, with mulching. All the results were compared with the control area (C) which was localized on the forest soil. On the base of chosen growth in-dices comparison in two-years' old Scots pine cultivation on the reclaimed post-military area, it was found that the treatment of lubin sowing did not influence significantly on ...
The impact of fertilization with the compost prepared from treated sewage sludge with Scots pine bark additive and mulching with the fresh forest ectohumus on the soil conditions, chosen parameters of one-year old Scots pine seedlings growth as well as the occurrence of soil mites (Acari) with special emphasis of oribatid mites (Oribatida) was investigated in the paper. The trials were carried out in 2008 at forest nursery Białe Błota (Forest District Bydgoszcz) on the rusty soil. The whole area of the experiment was irrigated with the use of stationary sprinkling machine.Analysis of the soil pH in particular variants of the experiment indicated that the use of organic fertilization and mulching decreased pH value. Content of available phosphorus ranged from 5,51 to 7,64 mg P2O5 100g-1 of soil, and the higher values were noted on plots fertilized with the compost and mulched. Similar dependence was noted in case of the available potassium content. Scots pine seed-lings on plots fertilized with the compost were significantly higher than those grown on plots with mineral fertilization. Organic fertilization increased also sig-nificantly the fresh mass of the above-ground parts seedlings - on average, by 79%. Impact of mulching - carried out in September - ...
The effect of fertilization with the compost from forest humus and mulching with the fresh ectohumus on the soil properties, the growth of one-year old white birch seedlings as well as on the biological activity of soils in the forest nursery was investigated in the work. The biological activity was estimated with the use of bioindicatory method - mites (Acari), especially saprophage oribatid mites (Ori-batida) were used as biological indices. The pedosphere of studied area in the forest nursery had acid reaction (pH), and the mulching with the fresh forest ectohumus decreased additionally this value. On the basis of analysis of available P and K, it was found that there was small differentiation between plots fertilized with mineral fertilization and those fertilized with the compost and mulched with the fresh ectohumus. Fertilization with the compost significantly increased the height and the fresh mass of the above-ground parts of one-year old white birch seedlings. Influence of mulching - conducted in September - on these parameters was not detected. In the spring sea-son, before the mulching measure, the density of mites was low. After the mulching measure, the number of mites - especially saprophage oribatid mites - was dis-tinctly increased. On ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation on yields of summer squash cv. ‘Danka' grown under conditions of the two localities: Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński (soil of quality class IVB, and of good-rye-soil-complex) and Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz (soil of quality class V, and of weak-rye-soil-complex). The experiments were designer as one-factorial trias. One factor was considered - drip irrigation (control, drip irrigation). Drip irrigation was conducted according to soil tensiometer indications (-0,04 MPa). Drip irrigation - both in Lipnik as well as in Kruszyn Krajeński - significantly increased marketable yields of summer squash ‘Danka'. Higher increases in yields due to irrigation were obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński. Mean marketable yield of summer squash fruits in Lipnik was higher than that obtained in Kruszyn Krajeński. Fruits in Lipnik were characterized by the higher weight as compared to those in Kruszyn Krajeński. Summer squash plants in KruszynKrajeński - irrespective of expe-rimental water treatment - were characterized by the higher number of fruits.
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The aim of this study was the effect of the subsurface drip irrigation with nitrogen fertilization chosen asparagus cultivars on the occurrence of asparagus beetles.The field experiment was carried out in two consecutive years (2009-2010) at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiment was conducted in a rando-mized block design of a two-factorial system with four replications. The first tested factor was irrigation in two following variants: non-irrigated plots (control) with hand sowing nitrogen fertilizer and subsurface drip irrigated plots with nitrogen fertigation. The second factor was associated with asparagus cultivars: 5 from USA: Apollo, Atlas, UC-157, Grande and Purple Passion, and 3 from Germany: Ramada, Rapsody and Ravel. The number of adults and larvae of both asparagus beetles was observed on every single plot area; three times during the vegetation period from July to August (beginning from the first decade of July and continuing every third week). The harvest plot area was 14,7 m2 (20 plants x 0,35m x 2,1m).The adults and larvae of twelve-spotted asparagus beetles were more nu-merous than common asparagus beetles on tested asparagus cultivars. The adults of twelve-spotted asparagus beetles prefered subsurface drip irrigation asparagus plants: Atlas, UC-157, Grande and Rapsody, than non-irrigated plants of these ...
The effect of drip fertigation and the two ways of seedling production on the yields of cv. ‘Bingo' was determined in the field experiment carried out in the year 2008 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor - drip fertigation, was used in the two following treatments: KP - drip irrigation + standard N-fertilization (control),KF - drip irrigation + N-fertigation 3 times during the vegetation season. Fertiga-tion was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The second row factor was the light used during the seedling production: S - sunny light (greenhouse, control), F - artificial light - fitotron (lamps). It was found that the fertigation significantly increased marketable fruit yield from 40,1 to 51,0 t.ha-1 (by 10,9 t.ha-1 i.e. by 27 %). Yields of plants from seedlings produced under conditions of sunny light in greenhouse (control) - treatment (S)(48,1 t .ha-1), were signifi-cantly higher than those obtained from seedlings produced in fitotron under artifi-cial light (43,0 t .ha-1). The highest yields (56,0 t .ha-1) were obtained from plants from seedlings produced in greenhouse grown ...
The influence of fertilization with the compost prepared from forest humus and mulching with the fresh ectohumus on the soil properties, the growth of one-year old Scots pine seedlings as well as on the biological activity of soils in the forest nursery was studied in the work. The biological activity was estimated with the usage of bioindicatory method - mites (Acari), especially saprophage oribatid mites (Oribatida) were used as biological indices. On the base of the study it was stated that the ground surface horizon was characterized by acid reaction. Fertilization with the compost from forest humus increased significantly the height of Scots pine seedlings - plants cultivated on plots fertilized with compost were by 46% higher than those fertilized by mineral fertilizers only. Organic fertilization increased also significantly the fresh mass of the above-ground parts of Scots pine seedlings. Effect of mulching - which was carried out in September - on the investigated parameters was not detected. In the spring - before the measure of mulching - the density of mites on the studied ground was low. Among these arthropods the most numerous were Actinedida which constituted from 91 to 100% of all mites. After the ...
The response of the three romaine lettuce cultivars to nitrogen fertigation by drip system was investigated in the field experiment carried out in 2009-2010 on the very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The trial was established as one-factorial trial with four replications. The studied factor was cultivar: ‘Barracuda', ‘Chiquina' i ‘Romora'. Fertigation was conducted with the use of proportional mixing dispenser. The use of drip irrigation connected with nitrogen fertigation enabled the proper growth and development as well as valuable yielding of plants on the very light soil, in the region of low rainfall amounts during the vegetation period. From among the three cultivars tested, ‘Barracuda' was cha-racterized by the highest: yield, head weight and dry matter content. The influence of drip irrigation
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The paper is based on the chosen results of two one-year field experiments which were conducted in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz (Poland) and in the vicinity of Cukurova (Turkey). The aim of the study is to present the comparison of yields of chosen watermelon cultivars grown in the different climatic-soil conditions under drip irrigation with N fertigation. The experiment in Turkey was carried out under better soil conditions than in Poland - watermelon plants were cultivated on the clay loam and fine sand, respectively. ‘Crimson Sweet' and ‘Sugar Baby' cultivars were tested in the experiment in Poland, and two other cultivars (‘Madera-F1', ‘Paladin-F1') were examined in the experiment in Turkey. Nitrogen of 120 kg N was applied in two different nitrogen forms (G - granule nitrogen; L - liquid nitrogen). In the second treatment (L), the liquid N fertilizer was given with irrigation water (fertigation). All plots were drip irrigated. Higher irrigation water rate was supplied in Turkey (251.7 mm) than that in Poland (157.5 mm). Average yields of watermelon ranged from 32.62 to 37.87 t.ha-1, and from 29.09 to 30.35 t.ha-1, in the experiment in Poland and in the experiment in Turkey, respec-tively. Yields were dependent on cultivar and ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of drip irrigation on yields of winter squash cv.‘Rouge vif d'Etampes' grown on the very light soil in the region of decreased rainfall amounts in the vegetation period. The field experiment was conducted in 2007-2008 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil of quality class V-VI (very weak and weak-rye-soil-complexes). Field water capacity in the soil layer 0-50 cm was 57,5 mm, while the effective useful retention amounted 29,3 mm. The experiment was designed and carried out as one-factorial trial in four replications. The single plot area was 11,2 m2. Irrigation was used in the two variants: W0 - without irrigation (control) and W1 -drip irrigation. Drip ir-rigation was conducted according to soil tensiometer indications (-0,04 MPa). Drip irrigation significantly increased marketable yields of winter squash ‘Rouge vif d'Etampes' from 34,2 t.ha-1 to 75 t.ha-1 (increase by 40,8 t ha-1, i.e. 119 %). This yield increase was obtained thanks to significant increases the weight of a fruit and its size (horizontal and vertical diameter) as well as the num-ber of fruits. ...
The aim of the study was to compare the growth of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as well as the state of soil mites (Acari) in two-year cultivations on the reclaimed post-military area at Forest Dis-trict Żołędowo. Afforestation was carried out with the use of two-year old birch and pine seedlings obtained from bare root nurseries (production with mulching and without mulching - traditional method). The experiments were conducted in 2010-2011 on Brunic Arenosols characterized by texture of loamy sand in the surface layer as well as by the strongly acid reaction. The experiments included the following variants: BrzC - birch cultivation which was afforested by the use of traditional seedlings (production of seedlings without mulching), BrzS - birch cultivation which was afforested by the use of seedlings produced with mulching, SoC - pine cultivation which was afforested by the use of traditional seedlings (production of seedlings without mulching), SoS - pine cultivation which was affor-ested by the use of seedlings produced with mulching. The cultivation of Scots pine was characterized by the better efficiency of planting (over 96 %). The mulching treatment - conducted at the nursery - had the positive ...
The aim of the study was to determine of the influence of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation on the quantity and quality of yield of selected medium early potato cultivars. Field experiments were conducted on the soil classified to IVb valuation class and good rye complex in 2001-2003 at Kosobudy (Community of Brusy), Pomerania Voivodeship. Effective useful retention in the soil layer of con-trolled moisture (0-40 cm) amounted 29,5 mm.The experiments were carried out with two-factorial split-plot design, with four replications. The first-row factor was irrigation: O - control plots (without irrigation), K - drip-irrigated plots, D sprinkler-irrigated plots. The second-row factor: medium early potato cultivars: Barycz, Mors, Triada. The dose of cattle manure (35 t∙ha-1) was applied in autumn (before winter plowing). Fertilization with P and K amounted: 80 kg P2O5∙ha-1 and 140 kg K2O∙ha-1, respectively. Ni-trogen fertilization was used with dose 90 kg N∙ ha-1. Irrigation was conducted according to soil water potential measured by tensiometers (-0,03 MPa). The use of irrigation significantly increased the marketable tuber yield.There were no significant differences between potato yields obtained from sprinkler-irrigated plots and those from drip-irrigated plots. From among cultivars tested, Triada gave significantly higher marketable tuber yields than ...
The experiment was conducted was in the years 2005-2007 on the very light soil in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The influence of sprinkler irrigation and the differentiated nitrogen fertilization on yields of early potato cv. ‘Dorota' was studied. This experiment was established as a two-factorial trial. The first-row factor was sprinkling irrigation applied in two variants: W0 - without irrigation (control), W1 - sprinkling irrigation. The second row factor - differentiated nitrogen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): N0 = 0 kg N•ha-1, N1 = 40 kg N•ha-1, N2 = 80 kg N•ha-1, N3 = 120 kg N•ha-1. Potatoes were fertilized with the full dose of manure, the fertilization with P and K was uniform on all the plots, and it was applied in relation to the soil fertility. The mean yield harvested on control plots (without irrigation) amounted on average 14,41 t•ha-1. Smaller yields, in range 8,75-11,83 t•ha-1, were noted in the first two years of study which were characterized by lower rainfall (161-230 mm), higher yields (22,66 t•ha-1) - in year 2007 that was characterized by the highest rainfall (323 mm) in the vegetation period of the potatoes. The use of irrigation significantly increased ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementary irrigation and nitrogen fertilization and storage on chosen parameters of chemical composi-tion of early potato cultivars. Field experiment was carried out at Kruszyn Krajeń-ski nar. Bydgoszcz in 2005-2007 on the very light soil. The experiment was estab-lished as the three-factorial trial with three replications. The first order factor were cultivars – ‘Dorota’ and ‘Gracja’, the second order factor was sprinkler ir-rigation applied in two variants: W0- without irrigation (control), W1 - sprinkler irrigation according to indications of tensiometers (the soil water potential higher than -0,03 MPa). The third order factor was differentiated nitrogen fertilization: N0 = 0 kg N∙ ha-1 , N1 = 40 kg N∙ ha-1, N2 = 80 kg N∙ ha-1 , N3 = 120 kg N ∙ha-1. It was found that the dry matter and starch content was significantly differ-entiated for the investigated cultivars, irrigation and nitrogen doses, after harvest and after storage. Irrigation decreased significantly the content of dry matter and starch as well as this factor increased slightly the content of vitamin C, reduc-ing sugars and total sugars. Increasing nitrogen doses (to 80 kg N∙ ha-1) caused the significant increase of ...
The purpose of the study was to determine of influence of irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on the amount of losses after the storage of early potato culti-vars during 6 months. Investigations were carried out in 2005–2007 in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil included to the weak rye complex of agricultural suitability. The experiment was conducted as 3-factorial trial, with three rep-lications. The first row factor was early potato cultivar: ‘Dorota’, ‘Gracja’. The second row factor was sprinkler irrigation applied in two variants: Wo – without irrigation (control), (kontrola), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to indications of tensiometers (irrigation was started when the soil water potential achieved -0,03 MPa). The three row factor was differentiated nitrogen fertilization: N0 = 0 kg N•ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N•ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N•ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N•ha -1. The studied cultivars were characterized by differentiated susceptibility to losses total during the storage. cv. ‘Dorota’ was characterized by the higher losses during the long storage. Irrigation during the vegetation period increased in tubers the amount of natural losses, decrements and the losses caused by sprouting. Nitrogen fertilization of the higher doses as well as in control ...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of drip irrigation and microsprinkler irrigation on the content of starch, total sugars (including reducing sugars) in tubers of chosen potato cultivars after harvest and after storage during 6 months. Experiments were carried out in 2001–2003 at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil include to VI – quality class and 7 – complex of agricultural suitability (very weak rye complex). The soil was characterized by the very low silt and clay fraction content in topsoil (7%) and subsoil horizon (3–5%). The value of pH in 1n KCl was slightly acidic, and the abundance of basic macroelements was on the average level. The experiment included three factors: A – irrigation (with-out irrigation – control plots, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation), B – cuti-var (‘Barycz’, ‘Mors’, ‘Triada’), C – storage (after harvest – control, after storage during 6 months). Three replications were applied. Drip irrigation was applied using ‘T-Tape’ drip lines (in-line emitters spaced 20 cm apart). The single drip line was located between two neighbouring rows of potatoes. The single emitter’s output amounted on average 0,6 l h-1. Micro-jet irrigation was done with the use of micro-jets ...
Experiments were carried out in 2012 at container nursery Bielawy (Forest District Dobrzejewice) in the production cycle of Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) The height of seedlings ranged from 8.9 to 11.9 cm and the diameter was in the range 2.8-3.7 mm. Single ectomycorrhizas dominatem on roots of seedlings, and they constituted from 45 to 64% of all ectomycorrhizas. General state of mycorrhizae on roots can be considered as fairly balanced. Mean density of mites on examined clods with roots (with or without addition of forest ectohumus) ranged from 3 710 to 16 230 individuals • m-2. The most abundant mites on seed-lings produced with mulching were oribatid mites, and in variants without mulching dominated Actinedida. Non-mulched containers were characterized by occurrence of 2-3 species of oribatid mites, and those with mulching - by 10-14 oribatid species. Oppiella nova was the most abundant oribatid species in the examined material. Tectocepheus velatus was also the important component of Oribatida gatherings. The number of T. velatus was characterized by the upward trend in the cycle of investigation. On the basis of the study, it was found that the containers for production of seedlings with covered root system are characterized by ...
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of microirrigation of Barycz, Mors and Triada potato cultivars on the infection of tubers by the most dangerous pathogens. The experiment was carried out on light soil as a two-factor split-plot design with four replications. The factors were cultivars and the following variants of irrigation: WO - without irrigation, W1 - drip irrigation, W2 - micro-sprinkler irrigation. The health status of tubers was evaluated after harvest in each year of the study. The percentage of an area of the tubers with symptoms of common scab and black scurf was determined following nine-degree (0-8) scale were: 0 = lack of disease symptoms, healthy tubers and 8 = above 50% of a tuber surface with disease symptoms. The percentage of tubers with symptoms of in-festation was estimated for other detected diseases. Symptoms of common scab and black scurf were observed on the tubers in all years of the study. Studied cultivars differed in susceptibility to Streptomyces sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. The most resistant cultivar to the first pathogen was Triada and to the second pathogen was Barycz. Symptoms of other diseases were noted sporadically and did not exceed 1% of infected tubers. ...
The aim of the present research was to compare the communities of oribatid mites (Oribatida) on the plantations of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) as well as to define the effect of mi-croirrigation on those Acari. The experiment was performed in degraded Phaeozems formed from sand, on shallow-deposited sand in Kruszyn Krajeński in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. The soil reaction was slightly acid or acid and the differences in the acidity between chokeberry and blackcurrant were inconsiderable. The abundance of oribatid mites on chokeberry and blackcurrant plantations ranged from 3110 to 5290 individuals • m-2 and it was much higher, as compared with the neighbouring set-aside. The density of Oribatida on blackcurrant plantation was clearly higher than in chokeberry; however there was recorded no significant effect of the type of irrigation on the density. In total on both plantations there were reported 31 species of oribatid mites; mean species number s in blackcurrant was higher than in chokeberry. The dominance structure of oribatid mites on the chokeberry plantation was more even than in blackcurrant and in Tectocepheus velatus communities dominated mostly. The species preferred the blackcurrant plantation and irrigation stimulated its abundance. Chamobates schutzii, an ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on a seedling vigour of one-year and two-year old Scot pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.), cultivated on a post-agricultural ground with the use of zoo-melioration in two different regions. Field experiments were carried out on an experimental field in Kruszyn Krajeński (loose sandy soil of quality class VI) near Bydgoszcz and in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński (sandy soil of quality class IVb). The first row factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second row factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). The irrigation significantly increased the height and the diameter of the Scot pine seedlings. There were no significant differences in the characters of the growth between the two irrigation systems. Fertilization of Scot pine seedlings with the compost increased significantly the height of seedlings. Interaction of irrigation with organic fertilization of Scot pine seedling height and diameter was noted. Pine seedlings grown on the plots fertilized with compost under irrigation conditions were characterized ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of mulching and organic fertilization on the seedling vigour of Scots pine and occurrence of soil mites (Acari) in forest- and post-arable soils. Two different field experiments were carried out in the vegetation period of the year 2005 on light soils at two different sylvan-natural regions. The first trial was conducted at Białe Błota near Bydgoszcz – on a brown podzolic soil. The second experiment – at Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński – on an acid brown soil. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with four replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor was fertilization, used in the two following treatments: N1 – treated sewage sludge (⅔) + bark (⅓) and N2 – treated sewage sludge (⅔) + sawdust (⅓). The second row factor was mulching, used in the two variants: C – without mulching (control) and S – mulching with litter. Scots pine seedlings grown on the forest soil at Białe Błota were characterized by increased height than those cultivated on the post-arable land at Lipnik. The best results, both on the forest soil as well as on the post-arable ground, were obtained in the ...
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of microirrigation (microjet sprinkling and drip irrigation) and organic fertilization (compost prepared on the base of sewage sludge) on a seedling vigour and a degree of mycorrhiza of one-year old Scot pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) produced on a post-agricultural ground with the use of zoo-melioration. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out on an experimental field of Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a loose sandy soil belonging to VI quality class (degraded meadow black earth formed from coarse sandy soil on a shallow loose sandy soil). The first row factor was irrigation used in three treatments: without irrigation (control), drip irrigation, microjet sprinkling. The second row factor was fertilization, used in two variants: mineral fertilization (standard applied in forest nurseries), organic fertilization (compost). Irrigation significantly increased the height and the diameter of Scot pine seedligs. There were no significant differences in the characters of the growth between the two irrigation systems. Fertilization of Scot pine seedlings with the compost increased significantly the height of seedlings. Interaction of irrigation with organic fertilization in shaping of Scot pine seedling height and ...
