Zeszyt: 2015, vol. 12 / IV / 4 (Dec 2015)
The paper presents the diversity of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents in soils of three reclaimed objects: external dumping grounds of mines Bełchatów, Machów and Turów. Sites vary in soil texture, age of tree stands and their species composition. The largest carbon pool in the organic level (litter) is in a dumping ground for the Turów mine,- the oldest of the objects. Similarly, the total SOC pool in the organic layer and the mineral to 30 cm deep in the soil is the largest dumping ground, Turów. The average annual increase in SOC stocks varied from about 0.5 t/ha/year in Bełchatów, after more than 1.2 t/ha/year in Machów. The annual deposition of organic carbon can be estimated at 1.7-2.5 t / ha / year. ...
The effects of osmopriming ‘Wolska' onion seeds on the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings as well as the mean germination time (MGT) were studied. The priming was carried out with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000 and PEG 8000) at 1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa solutions. The seeds were treated in a column bioreactor for 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours at 15 and 20ºC. Compared to the control (untreated seeds), both PEG 6000 and PEG 8000 osmotics similarly increased the percentage of normal seedlings, reduced the percentage of abnormal seedlings and shortened MGT. Seed priming at -1.0 MPa promoted a higher percentage of normal seedlings and shorter MGT than treatment at -1.5 MPa, but both osmotic potentials enhanced those germination features relative to the untreated seeds. Compared to the control, both priming temperatures improved the tested germination traits, but treatment at 20ºC gave better results than at 15ºC. Seeds primed for 48 hours produced the highest percentage of normal seedlings and the lowest number of abnormal seedlings, but treatment for 72 hours reduced MGT the most. The best ratios of normal to abnormal seedlings were obtained after priming at 20ºC for 24 hours at -1.0 MPa and ...
The research was conducted to determine the number and species composition of microorganisms isolated from the soils collected in the vicinity of seven largest transport nodes and roundabouts in Krakow. Moreover, the investigations aimed at verifying the differences in the occurrence and biodiversity of the researched microorganism population between four calendar seasons of the year. The soil samples were collected 4 times during the period from November 2013 to August 2014 and then analysed using serial dilutions method. A great microorganism biodiversity was found in the analysed samples. Microorganisms were the most numerous in the autumn-winter period. The most numerous isolated group were vegetative bacteria and ammonifiers. Filamentous fungi were less numerous, which may have been caused by the neutral or slightly alkaline soil pH. Presence of dormant bacteria forms may result from unfavourable environmental conditions caused by a toxic effect of the substances from road transport. Less numerously isolated were actinomycetes and Azotobacter bacteria, regarded as bioindicators of soil fertility. It was found, that the differences in the numbers of the analysed microorganisms over the year are statistically significant for the vegetative and ammonifying bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi and actinomycetes. No significant differences in the microorganism number were stated ...
The main subject of this study was the analysis of the spatial and engineering aspects of planning, which has direct application in decision making and emphasizing the role of citizens in the investment processes. The authors made an analysis of the proposed bypass road of Myślenice. It was suggested to shift the roadway to the north, which would provide a better access to the plough-lands, which would be better utilised. Such alternation was proposed according to the expectations of local inhabitants. Taking into account opinions of local communities, it was found that the route of the western bypass road of Myślenice city can be excluding the areas of Bysina village. What is also important proposed solution requires lower outlays than the primordial version of this investment. ...
Illegal waste deposition in places unadapted for this purpose poses a hazard to the natural environment. Each year over 10 000 illegal dumping sites are liquidated in Poland. The areas where illegal landfills occur are most frequently situated in the vicinity of waste management plants, wastelands, roadsides, byways or unfenced private plots (particularly on the city outskirts), forests and water courses. Despite of the changes introduced in recent years in the system of municipal solid waste management in Poland, which in the first place aimed to prevent formation of illegal dumps, such places still arise causing pollutant emission into the atmosphere. The aim of the paper was conducting an analysis of the existing illegal dumping sites in Krosno commune (Podkarpackie voivodship). The investigations were conducted along the selected stretches of the Wisłok and Lubatówka rivers. The analyses were carried out in three measurement series during the period from March to October 2014. As results from the analyses, new illegal dumping sites arise all the time in the water courses in Krosno city and a majority of them can be easily identified in this area. Glass and plastics have the biggest share in the morphological composition of the waste deposited on ...
The aim of this study is to analyse the intensity of traffic in the village of Bysina taking into account, that local municipality is planning to build ring road of Bysina nearby. Conducted traffic measurements confirmed that existing transit route - the county roadNo.K1935is characterized by allow transit traffic with a relative stabilization of its level in the various periods of the year. In addition, there is no increased arduousness at night and during all the days off from work. The discussion was also subjected to an assessment of the accuracy of the report on environmental impact of one particular road investment. Basing on authors research, there was found that the report should not be used as the ultimate document judging the road usefulness. ...
The human potential of an agricultural holding is increasingly treated as a capital allowing a competitive advantage. Its development takes place at the same time as the development of technical equipment and technical progress. The size of livestock herd, technical equipment, labour resources and actual workforce needs of organic holdings were determined. It allowed for calculation of the index of utilization of labour resources. The obtained results indicate a low level of human potential utilization, which amounted to average 40% and remained within the range from 29% for the holdings with the smallest area 58% for the facilities with the largest area. A statistical analysis confirms the significant relationship between the utilization of labour resources and the number of able-bodied persons, workload, machine stock replacement value and livestock size. ...
Methods of hypothetical flood waves determining with the Cracow method developed for the Upper Vistula area are unlikely to be implemented by the common engineering practice in case when their verification was conducted only for one region. One of the methods is the Cracow method which is used for determining the flood waves in gauged catchments, whereas the other called the volume formula, is meant for ungauged catchments. In this method the wave volume is calculated by a formula, whereas its wave course is determined on the basis of a unit flood wave by means of SCS UHG method. An attempt was made in the paper to apply both methods for the catchment in the Odra river basin. The Nysa Kłodzka river was selected as a pilot catchment, in which 12 gauging stations were identified, for which the assessment of results was conducted using the criterion of hypothetical flood wave volume. Additionally these results were compared with the results obtained using the Hydroproject method. Conducted assessment allows to state that the Cracow method and the volume formula of hypothetical flood waves determining may be applied in the Odra basin. Verification of the methods and satisfactory results obtained in geographical region, ...
Soilless cultivation of tomatoes in the greenhouse is a source of waste in form of mineral wool polyethylene. Utilisation of mineral wool waste originating from horticulture is still unresolved and rises a lot of controversy The aim of the study is to evaluate the possibility of using mineral wool waste in the construction of a green roof. To find the answer, physical properties, i.e. water absorption, water capacity and leachability were assessed for fresh mat and mineral wool waste. Preliminary assessment of pollutants leaching from mineral wool waste was also performed. It was found that the physical properties of the used mats are different from those of the input material. The content of phosphorus in leachate from used mineral wool derived from greenhouse cultivation excludes its use as a material for green roofs construction, if the runoff is discharged into water bodies. ...
