Zeszyt: 2026, vol. 21 / 1 / 1
The aim of this study to estimate the water demand for spiked speedwell (Veronica spicata L.) on a green roof in Bydgoszcz urban aglomeration, depending on projected climate change. A scenario of climate changes for Poland SRES: A1B was taken into account. Water needs of spiked speedwell were determined by the method of plant coefficients. Based on adopted assumptions and performed calculations, it was found that in the forecast period (2021-2050) there will be greater variability in the water needs of the spiked speedwell. In the forecast period, a clear tendency towards increasing water needs of the spiked speedwell is expected every 6.9 mm in a decade. The total rainfall shortages are expected to decrease for the entire growing season of the spiked speedwell (11. May - 10. July). Those water shortages decreased - in an average, moderately dry and very dry year, respectively - from 129.9 mm, 175.7 mm and 210.7 mm in the reference period to 121.2 mm, 169.4 mm and 205.5 mm in the forecast period. ...
The assessment of a building's energy efficiency is a crucial element in estimating and minimizing its operational costs. This analysis is particularly significant in the case of large-volume structures, including public utility buildings. The aim of the conducted research was to determine the electricity and heat consumption of a public utility building, specifically the selected seat of the Commune Office in the Silesian Voivodeship (Żywiec County). The scope of the study included calculating the demand for useful energy (EU), final energy (EK), and primary energy (EP) both before and after the thermal modernization carried out in the years 2016-2019, as well as developing recommendations for further modernization aimed at reducing the energy intensity of the assessed facility. As a result of the analysis of energy indicators calculated for the building before and after thermal modernization, it was found that the construction works performed had a positive impact on the energy and economic efficiency of the facility, reducing primary energy consumption from 639.04 kWh∙m⁻²∙year⁻¹ to 143.83 kWh∙m⁻²∙year⁻¹. It is recommended to carry out further works, as a result of which primary energy consumption could be reduced to 92.20 kWh∙m⁻²∙year⁻¹ (35.9%), which will allow for achieving the technical conditions envisaged for public ...
Selective collection system of municipal solid waste at the source is one of the key measures for increasing recycling rates and also reducing energy consumption and labor requirements associated with waste purification in waste sorting facilities. However, a significant challenge of this system is the presence of contaminants in bags and containers intended for separately collected waste. This paper presents the current legal requirements governing selective municipal waste collection in Poland and discusses the main problems and causes of incorrect waste segregation by residents. The aim of the study was to design an automated control system for selectively collected waste segregation, enabling the verification of waste deposited in containers located in waste collection enclosures through the analysis of barcodes printed on product packaging. The proposed system integrates mechanical components (a loading hatch and a chain hoist lifting mechanism), automation and electronic components (a barcode scanning module), and a modern waste enclosure design. The barcode scanning module was selected using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which enables the multi-criteria evaluation of available solutions. The system design considered functional, operational, ergonomic, and user safety requirements. ...
