Zeszyt: 2023, vol. 18 / 1 / 1
To describe the production process, a model based on a vector currency space, standardized with the class of Minkowski norms, was used. As a result of normalizing this space with equivalent norms, the following spaces were obtained: economic, risk, executive and decision space with the metrics induced by these norms belonging to the class of Minkowski's metric. Each of these spaces enables to analyze and evaluate the economic phenomenon:- the economic space allows the determination of planned values and the specifying of the economic effect (measured in money) based on self-assumptions and market data,- the risk space using the analogy to physical space and taking into account the risk based on data from the economic space and market data enables the determination of qualitative values in risk objects,- the executive space based on data from the risk space and market data, enable a selection of the most favorable options,- the decision space enables a decision of a choice of the most advantageous variant based on the data from the executive space. ...
Saponaria officinalis L. is a medicinal plant from the family Caryophyllaceae. It occurs in most European countries, as well as in North Africa, America and Western Asia. The aim of the study was to find an optimal method of sterilization S. officinalis seeds in order to obtain sterile seedlings and to multiply axillary shoots from nodal explants isolated from them, on MS medium with the addition of growth regulators (RW). In this study, 4 variants of seed sterilization were compared using NaClO at the following concentrations: 1.5% (2), 2% (3) and 2.5% (4) for a period of 11 minutes. The control was a variant in which 70% C2H5OH was used for pre-sterilization for 1 minute (1). The highest percentage of sprouted, seeds and sterile seedlings and the lowest percentage of contamination were obtained in variant (4). As a result of micropropagation of soapwort in in vitro cultures, axillary shoots were formed from nodal explants from axillary buds. The highest percentage of explants with shoots (95%) and callus tissue (48%) and the highest number of shoots from one explant (5.95) were obtained in the second passage on MS medium with the addition of 4 mg.dm-3 BAP and 0.5 mg.dm-3 NAA. ...
The paper presents the production effects of irrigation of sugar beet, winter rape, spring barley, soybean and faba bean, obtained in long-term (2005-2020) field experiments. The experiments were carried out on light soil with compact subsoil in the Bydgoszcz area. Significant, rectilinear relationships were found between increases in plant yields under the influence of sprinkler irrigation and precipitation totals in the vegetation periods of these plants, especially in the phases of increased water demand. The average long-term production effects of irrigation of the surveyed crops, which are presented in the work and their variability over the long-term period, may be the basis for assessing the desirability of irrigation of plants in areas of comparable soil and precipitation conditions. ...
An assessment of the variability of four climatic indicators of plant irrigation needs (air temperature, precipitation, frequency of atmospheric droughts, rainfall shortages) in the 1st zone of irrigation application in Poland was carried out. The analysis concerned four localities (Szczecin, Poznań, Kalisz, Toruń) during the reference multiyear period 1991-2020, in the entire period of active plant growth (V-VIII) as well as the parts of it. Results of the analysis have shown a fairly clear increase in irrigation needs in terms of the climatic criterion. It results primarily from a significant increase in air temperature, resulting in an increase in the water needs of plants. For the period 1991-2020 tendency to deepening rainfall shortages in the Szczecin Lowland and in Wielkopolska was demonstrated. The large numbers of atmospheric droughts with higher level of intensity were identified in the second part of the analysed period in the years 2015- 2020. ...
The aim of the study was to assess the microbiological air quality in three staircases of multifamily residential buildings. The study examined influence of season and air temperature on the abundance and biodiversity of microorganisms in the bioaerosol of stairwells. All studies were conducted using an impact method with the MAS-100 aerosol sampler (Merck). Concentrations of actinomycetes and staphylococci in both atmospheric air and selected stairwells exceeded norms. Season and air temperature have an impact on microbial concentrations in the air. The age of the building, light availability and ventilation conditions were also identified as potential factors influencing the concentration of specific microbial groups in the bioaerosol. ...
Zinc is an essential microelement that is required for the proper growth and development of crops, and its content in the soil varies. Due to the physiological functions it performs in living organisms, zinc is considered an essential element in the nutrition of plants and animals. The total forms of trace elements do not fully reflect the possibilities of their absorption. They provide only approximate ranges of the soil's abundance in a given ingredient. Plants can obtain microelements only from bioavailable forms.The content of available forms of elements in soils is one of the important determinants of plant yield. Zinc deficiency is a serious problem in agricultural soils around the world because it results in reduced crop yields. The aim of the study was to assess the content of total and available forms of zinc in the surface horizons of arable Luvisols in the Pałuki region, that has been intensively used for agriculture.Basic physical and chemical soil properties were determined using methods commonly applied by soil science laboratories. The content of total zinc forms was determined using the Crock and Severson method. Forms bioavailable to plants were identified using the Lindsay and Norvell method. The content of both forms ...
Mamar is an artificial oasis that provides a base for natural resource conservation in West Timor. The uniqueness of Mamar is its application in arid natural environments through a sustainable local leadership system, and it has a positive impact ecologically, economically, and socially. However, the Mamar system needs to receive more attention from the government in conserving natural resources. Such studies like Mamar's have been conducted elsewhere in Indonesia under different names, but they were applied in areas with wet and relatively fertile climates. Also, research on Mamar has been carried out by several parties related to the function of Mamar economically and the condition and structure of Mamar physically and biologically. However, research on Mamar related to the Construction of Environmental Leadership with local community behavior in Mamar based natural resource conservation has never been done. This research aims to analyze the construction of environmental leadership in natural resource conservation practices based on the Mamar system. This research was conducted through qualitative methods and critical interpretive approaches, with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews.The results indicate that Mamar based natural resource conservation in West Timor has positively and significantly impacted social, economic, and ecological aspects ...
The aim of the study was to assess the content of total, or-ganic and available sulfur fractions and enzymatic activity (de-hydrogenases, FDA, β-glucosidase, nitroreductase and arylsulfa-tase) in Luvisols collected from Minikowo (Poland) and Niżyn (Ukraine) from the cultivation of common barley. The analysis of variance confirmed the significant impact of the location and date of collecting soil samples on the sulfur content and its frac-tions as well as on the enzymatic activity. The total content of sulfur available to plants (10,1 mg.kg-1 in Minikowo, 10,9 mg.kg-1 in Niżyn) classifies these soils into the average content of this element. In order to provide cereal plants with an appropriate supply of sulfur, according to the nutritional needs of plants for this element, the tested soils require supplementing its content by fertilizing with this ingredient in an amount of 10 kg S.ha- 1. The significant correlation found between the content of total sulfur and sulfate sulfur and the activity of the tested enzymes indicates the usefulness of enzymatic activity tests as an indica-tor of sulfur transformation in soils.
...
The aim of the study was to attempt to estimate the demand for water for upward irrigation of urban green areas in parks of four selected cities in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (Bydgoszcz, Grudziądz, Toruń, Włocławek) depending on expected climate changes. The study takes into account two scenarios: the RCP 4.5 scenario assuming an increase in CO2 concentration to the level of 540 ppm in 2100 and achieving radiative forcing of 4.5 W/m2, and the RCP 8.5 scenario assuming an increase in CO2 concentration to 940 ppm in 2100 and achieving radiative forcing of level 8.5 W/m2. Three selected decades (decades) of the 21st century are included: 2021-2030, 2051-2060 and 2091-2100. Based on the adopted assumptions and calculations, it was found that the largest amounts of water for irrigation will be needed in the last decade of the 21st century. The greatest demand for water will occur in July, and then in August. Higher water needs of urban green areas - compared to the RCP 4.5 scenario - (except for Grudziądz) were found in the RCP 8.5 scenario. Among the four examined cities in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, the lowest demand for water occurred in Grudziądz, higher in Bydgoszcz, even higher in ...
The study aimed to determine the differences in lawn irriga-tion needs resulting from the topographical heterogeneity of the city of Bydgoszcz and surrounding areas. To gather the data, me-teorological measurements were carried out in the period from May to September 2012-2014, in areas diversified in terms of the degree of urbanization and land cover: the center of a large city, urban peripheries and rural area. Based on the calculated water needs of the lawn, the range of rainfall deficits during the lawn growing period was determined. It was found that seasonal rain-fall totals in the compared locations were at a similar level, but a large temporal variability of this indicator was observed in indi-vidual seasons. In terms of evapotranspiration, clear differences were noted between the analysed locations. On average, the high-est amounts of potential evapotranspiration were found in the city center, which may be the result of the urban heat island phenome-non forming over this area. However, the lowest water loss due to evapotranspiration took place in the rural area. As a result of these, the analysis showed that the lawn's irrigation needs were characterized by both temporal and spatial variability. By far the greatest irrigation needs occurred in urban ...
The energy transformation of the country requires an increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy generation structure. This particularly applies to increasing the share of wind energy, which already serves as a leader in electricity production from RES. The development of this renewable energy sector is inevitable, despite social and legal barriers. Existing cartographic studies indicate areas that are predisposed and unsuitable for locating wind farms at the county level. It is important to identify potential areas at the local level, taking into account not only spatial criteria, but also those related to functional characteristics, such as rural areas. This paper presents an original method for identifying potential locations for wind farms in rural areas, tested using the example of the Borowa Commune (Podkarpackie Voivodeship). Analyses were conducted for three height variants of wind turbines (up to 30m, up to 50m, up to 70m). In Variant 1 (wind turbines up to 30m), 17 locations were identified (19% of the commune surface), in Variant 2, 7 areas were indicated (9% of the commune surface), and in Variant 3, 3 locations were identified (5% of the commune surface). The highest installed power can be achieved in Variant ...
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the use of an agent inhibiting ethylene release - 1-Methylcyclopropene in the storage of selected apple varieties 'Szampion', 'Gloster', 'Elstar', 'Ligol', 'Idared', 'Jonagold', and 'Honeygold' originating from orchards of the Fruit Plant in Wtelno and stored in chambers with a controlled atmosphere. Laboratory analyzes were performed immediately after harvest and after 6 months of storage in chambers under ULO conditions (<2% O2, <2% CO2) at a tem-perature of 1.5-2.0°C and relative air humidity of 95-96%. Fruits treated with 1-MCP were characterized by significantly lower losses of bioactive compounds, especially vitamin C, compared to untreated apples. The contents of total polyphenols and chlorogenic acid remained at a similar level as after harvest in untreated apple samples. After the storage peri-od, the 'Szampion' variety contained significantly the most polyphenolic compounds, and the least - the 'Honeygold' variety, where the highest de-crease was also recorded during storage (26.7%) in fruits not treated with 1-MCP. After storage, the 'Ligol' and 'Elstar' cultivars had the significant-ly highest content of chlorogenic acid. The highest losses of chlorogenic acid during apple storage (32.4%) were observed in the 'Honeygold' vari-ety. The lowest loss of ascorbic acid during ...
Triticale grain has a high feed value, but it can also be used for consumption purposes, where it can be used as a raw material for the production of bread. The baking value is related to the technological parameters, which should be characterized by optimal values. They are determined, among other things, by both mineral and natural fertilisation. Therefore, two-factor research was carried out using the randomized subblock method. The experimental material consisted of winter triticale grain. The research factors were: natural fertilisation (manure) and foliar spraying with selected microelements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Cu+Zn+Mn). The aim was to check the influence of the above-mentioned factors and their interactions on the technological value of grain. The highest values of the falling number, in relation to the control objects, were found after the application of manure and in the object where a total of copper, zinc and manganese were applied foliarly. It was found that manure fertilisation and foliar fertilisation with copper, zinc, manganese and their combined application resulted in an average in the value increase of features of the protein complex of triticale (protein, gluten, sedimentation) and bread volume, compared to the control. The indicators of the enzymatic and protein complex ...
The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method enables the examination of the overall impact of a given product or process on the environment. In this study, the environmental assessment of the life cycle of pet food was conducted on selected commercially available products. Three dog foods were analyzed: two dry foods (A and B) with beef content of 14% and 75%, respectively, and one wet food (C) with 100% beef content. The assessment was carried out using SimaPro 8.1 software and the ReCiPe model, as well as the Ecoinvent 3.0 database. The boundaries of the analyzed system included the technological processes necessary for the production of the pet food, electricity consumption during production, and the composition of the pet food materials. The analysis revealed that the highest negative impact on the environment in all categories (human health, ecosystem, natural resources) was due to the beef content. As the beef content increased, the negative impact on the environment significantly increased. The other ingredients, as well as the energy consumption during the production processes, and the type of packaging, accounted for only a small percentage of the environmental impact of the studied products. The highest indicator among the analyzed pet foods (approx. 1500 ...
Despite the introduction of a common and uniform system of fees for the collection and management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) throughout Poland, new illegal waste dumping sites continue to be created in areas not designated for this pur-pose. The main aim of the work was focused on determine the material composition of the waste deposited (and found) on these wild dumping sites in the Trzebinia commune, as well as to conduct a spatial inventory of these locations. The aim was ac-complished through the use of a specialized questionnaire. In to-tal, 21 illegal dumpling sites were identified, despite the fact that the Municipal Waste Selective Collection Point (PSZOK) is available in the commune. The majority of these illegal landfills were found in areas covered with trees (30.8%) and bushes (42.3%). None of the illegal landfills contained more than 1 Mg of MSW. The average weight of waste deposited in illegal land-fills was 98.5 kg per site. The largest proportion of waste found at these illegal sites consisted of demolition and construction waste, such as rubble (34.3%) as well as plastic waste (32.9%). The share of rubble and construction waste increased with dis-tance from buildings. Only four of the twenty-one illegal ...
