Zeszyt: 2018, vol. 15 / III / 1
The paperwork includes estimate of irrigation on yield effect of highbush blueberry. The research was conducted in 2014-2016, on a small plantation located in Przyczyna Górna, in the Wschowski county, in the Lubuskie Province. The plantation's area was 800 m2. The article presents an analysis of five varieties of highbush blueberry: Patriot, Duke, Chandler, Elliott and Bluecrop. The frequency of irrigation and the amount of water supplied to the shrubs depended mainly on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation and the optimal humidity that the soil needs in growing blueberries. The need for irrigation was determined on the basis of soil water suction measurements using tensiometers. The shrubs were irrigated with a drip line with a spacing adjusted to the spacing of blueberry bushes.The annual dose of water used for irrigation were from 144 mm to 303 mm. The research showed that the average crop increase amounted to 167%, because of irrigation. In 2015, which was a wet year, the increase was 140% and in the average year (2014) was 193%. It was not connected only with amount of precipitation, but with the distribution of precipitation at growing season. The best yield was noted for Chandler (32% of yield), Patriot and ...
The study involves a preliminary analysis of short-duration high-intensity rainfall events in the area of Cracow. The events were selected from a 2-year data record from the MPWiK (Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji [Municipal Water and Sewage Company]) in Cracow. A spatial analysis was carried out by comparing rainfall events with highest single totals which occurred at the same time at all observed precipitation stations. Extracted were nine cases from the data record of 2013 and ten from the data record of 2014. Each of the analysed events was classified according to the Chomicz scale for rainfall intensity in order to distinguish maximum rainfalls, in particular of the following types: heavy rainfalls, rainstorms and torrential rains. Additionally, observed were cases of the most unfavourable rainfall events, i.e. ones with the highest totals in the observed year. In both 2013 and 2014, certain areas in Cracow were observed to be characterised by a pattern of repeating rainfall types. Also, a change in the rainfall category was observed from lower into higher and reverse in certain areas represented by the same gauging stations. At the stations located in varying distances within one urban area of Cracow, the intensity of rainfall varied from ...
The aim of this paper was to determine the direction and extent of changes in the size of ecological land use in rural areas in the Lubelskie Voivodeship during the implementation of three Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) in the years 2004-2006, 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 (still in progress) and presentation of the RDP's method of action for nature protection. The changes in the surface area of ecological land were assessed on the basis of an analysis of aggregate voivodship lists of the Land and Building register covering the years 2004-2016. Detailed analyses were carried out taking into account changes in the cadastral area of ecological land in rural areas in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The investigations were carried out for 20 districts located in the Lubelskie Voivodeship, with the exclusion of four urban districts. The study showed that, in the years 2004-2016, the area of ecological land generally increased by 25% in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. However, the rate of growth was not stable: in the years 2012-2014 there was a 115 ha decrease in the area of this land. The largest changes in the area of ecological land concerned the 1st and 7th land registration groups, i.e. land belonging to the ...
The paper aims at demonstrating the importance of tourism meant as an activity and economic activity in the multifunctional development of mountain rural areas. Multifunctional development of mountain rural areas appears as a composition of other, nonfarm functions, connected with agriculture and its environment. Taking over nonfarm functions by rural areas, including tourist function, enables decreasing agrarian unemployment and, furthermore, the emigration of local population. Approximating living standards of rural communities and city dwellers is connected with modernizing and development of technical-economic and social infrastructure, which has a stimulating impact on the development of off-farm activities in rural areas, which in turn positively affects economic development and increases the number of new jobs. Mutlifunctionality of mountain rural areas is therefore necessary not only from the economic perspective but also from the social point of view. ...
The article presents results of studies in the area of insurance coverage of farmer population conducted in 2016 in the Szerzyny commune (Malopolska province). The data accumulated through surveys allowed for an assessment of real scope of insurance coverage concerning mandatory and voluntary agricultural insurances. Presented data cover individual kinds of insurances connected with running agricultural farms, including the division of farms according to the farmland area.In the sphere of mandatory insurances, a fact of not fulfilling the obligation of signing insurance contracts has been noted, whereas in case of voluntary insurances, the use of insurance coverage may be stated as marginal. Generally, it may be said that the agricultural insurance market in Poland has faced serious barriers to its development. One of them is the barrier of demand, whose main factors are: the value of property necessary to cover with insurance, insurance awareness, but also a tendency to insure the property according to owner's financial abilities. The latter factor seems to be the most important. ...
The study shows an analysis of renewable energy sources in terms of their use in agritourist farms. The conducted survey aimed at finding out whether it was the respondents' age, farm size or incomes obtained from different sources that had the biggest impact on decisions to invest in ecological energy media. An answer was provided to the question whether implementation of ecological energy systems was followed by significant reduction in agritourist activity costs. The level of interest in such energy media among farmers who do not use them was assessed. The attitude of agritourist service providers toward more effective utilization of natural resources to the advantage of the natural environment was determined ...
The paper presents results of a controlled field experiment with sprinkler irrigation of winter oilseed rape (Latin name) cv. Arsenal F1 Linagrain and winter wheat (Latin name) cv. Franz, conducted in the vegetation season of 2016 (dry in terms of the recorded precipitation total) on a family farm in Kobylata, the Kłodawa commune, the Wielkopolskie Province. Water requirement observed as early as April was balanced by sprinkler irrigation in seasonal application rates ranging from 75 mm (rape) to 105 mm (wheat). Sprinkling of winter rape was the factor having a highly significant effect on seed yield volume, on average from 4 plots amounting to 4.1 t·ha-1 and by 17.4% greater than the yield harvested in the non-irrigated plots (control) - of 0.6 t·ha-1. Winter wheat, at the application of sprinkler irrigation, also produced greater yields (by 24%) in comparison to the non-irrigated plots. Mean grain yield of wheat in the irrigated plots was by 1.9 t·ha-1 greater. Advisability of irrigation, apart from higher yielding, may also be indicated by water use efficiency in these crops. Every mm of sprinkled water caused an increase in of rape by 7.9 kg, while in wheat by 17.8 kg. ...
The aim of this research was to study the effect of stecklings planting density on the seed stalk architecture, cluster yield and seed quality of 20 mono- and multigerm breeding lines and cultivars of red beet. The study included the new monogerm lines - AR79 A and AR79 B - breed in the Unit of Genetics Plant Breeding and Seed Science at the University of Agriculture in Kraków. The experiment was conducted in the years 2010 and 2011, in the open field conditions. Two planting densities of stecklings: 50 × 25 and 50 × 40 cm, were applied. Standard crop management practices, as recommended for red beet seed production under Polish conditions, were followed. The increase in plants interspacing from 50 × 25 to 50 × 40 cm led to the lower height, but twice higher number of shoots per plant, lower number of single, but higher number of bush and bush with main stem seed stalks, twice higher yield per plant as well higher thousand-seed weight and germination capacity. A large variation between genotypes in the features of seed-bearing plants, such as morphological structure, clusters yield and seed quality, were noted. Compared to other genotypes, the new monogerm breeding ...
The article presents an analysis of pro-ecological activities undertaken by the Commune Council of Nowy Targ in order to reduce low emission, and consequently to introduce a broadly understood low-carbon economy in this area. The commune aims at abandoning fossil fuels in favor of cleaner and safer methods of obtaining energy, which is to contribute to the reduction of PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter emissions. In the nationwide arena, the commune was awarded in activities leading to the liquidation of low-emission as part of the competition for communes with a population up to 50,000 inhabitants and taking the second place in Poland in the "Gmina z Misją" ranking. The town of Nowy Targ was also the laureate of the fourth edition of the "#ekoLIDERZY2017 of the Małopolska Province" contest organized by the Provincial Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Krakow (WFOŚiGW) and won the prize of PLN 20,000 in the category of "#ekoPRZEDSIĘWZIĘCIE" in the field of air protection and investments contributing to energy savings. In the commune, interventional and preventive inspections are carried out on an ongoing basis. In January 2017, the mayor appointed an advisory team for the analysis of the degree of implementation of actions ...
The aim of this work was to examine the current development status and existing functional structure of selected areas, formerly owned by State Farms (PGR), and to indicate the unused potential of the analyzed areas and determine their suitability for new functions. The created characteristics allowed to determine the original and current state of selected PGR complexes. A comparative analysis of the examined former state farms was carried out from the beginning of their existence to the current state of development. Presented is the spatial development method of the studied former state farms and their compliance, with planning documents. analyzed; study of conditions and directions of spatial development, local spatial development plan, decisions on building conditions and decisions on public purpose investment. The research included important elements in the field of conservation protection, environmental protection and ownership of land and buildings. Attention was also paid to strategic planning for the analyzed areas that were originally part of the PGR complex. The SWOT / TOWS analysis was also used to determine the current state of the studied area. It allowed to choose the right strategy for a specific former state farm complex. Using the business model of Canvas, specified the path, ...
The aim of revitalization is to "revive space" and to transform degraded urban areas to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants and to bring out the potential of the place. Nowadays, an additional spatial problem is becoming more and more densely built areas devoid of designed greenery and recreational areas. In recent years the urbanization process has resulted in excessive sealing of the pavement and consequently increases the flow of precipitation into storm and combined sewers, which can lead to environmental degradation. This also applies with the lack of willingness to live in the open air and consequently also the deterioration in the quality of life of the inhabitants and their health. The alternative to traditional water management is to stop the water at its place of occurrence, possibly slowing down its surface runoff and draining it. The presented research is intended to illustrate the challenge of creating spatial guidelines, to improve the microclimate and to involve residents in the rehabilitation process of the degraded environment. The focus was mainly on the residential quarter, located in the north-eastern part of Wroclaw. Both spatial and social aspects have been taken into account. In this paper, however, the economic factor is ...
In the Tuchola Pinewoods, one of the regions with a high forestation rate, the agricultural function is also performed. Most non-woodland areas are covered by arable fields, frequently also set-aside land. The existing meadows the phytocoenoses from the alliance Calthion are mostly developing here. Another meadow type, including fresh meadows, are sporadic. To demonstrate their phytosociological structure in the Tuchola Pinewoods, 512 phytosociological relevés, taken in 2006-2017, in non-woodland habitats of the area: in meadows, set-aside land and roadsides, were analyzed. More than half of the material analyzed were the records made from meadows, about 30% from set-aside land, and the others - from roadsides.From the entire pool, only in 63 relevés the phytocoenoses related to fresh meadows were identified, however, a vast majority was situated on roadsides. The material analyzed facilitates determining 11 syntaxa in a form of plant associations and communities. Those are mostly various forms of the association Arrhenatheretum elatioris, the community Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra, and the community Festuca rubra. The cross-section of phytocoenoses of the alliance Arrhenatherion, distinguished for the area, supplement the commonly grass-dominated community with Dactylis glomerata, with Antoxanthum odoratum and with Holcus lanatus. A special attention must be paid to, commonly considered to ...
The course of the boundaries of cadastral parcels is now entered into the databases of the register of land and buildings (EGiB) in numerical form using sets of coordinates of the boundary points. In the regulations on the register of land and buildings, the manner of defining a parcel boundary and its description in the cadastral databases introduces a number of new requirements, both regarding the manner of carrying out the determination of the course of parcel boundaries and documenting these proceedings, as well as the method of recording the data generated as a result of performing this procedure in the cadastral database. In recent years, determining the course of parcel boundaries pursuant to the provisions on EGiB has also become one of the most frequent surveying activities carried out both on a mass scale for the purpose of the modernization of the cadastre, as well as in individual cases concerning, for example, real estate division, cadastral database update or preparation of maps for design purposes.According to the author's opinion, the currently applicable regulations as well as the solutions used in practice are insufficient and lead to the incorrect determination and documentation of the course of parcel boundaries, and to ...
The aim of this paper is evaluation of spatial policy of the rural communes, which are under pressure of suburbanization resulting from being located near Poznań (a voivodship centre, and the core of Poznań Metropolitan Area and Functional Urban Area of Poznań).Two units of local self-government, Dopiewo and Komorniki, where in the first stage of the analysis the highest intensity of the process of suburbanization was determined, were analysed.In the analysed decade (2005-2014), the population of the Municipality of Komorniki increased by 75% from 13992 to 24433, and of the Municipality of Dopiewo by 67% from 13460 to 22447. In turn, average net migration rate was 52 per 1000 residents in Komorniki and 55 per 1000 residents in Dopiewo. Detailed analyses showed that in the Municipality of Komorniki the realisation of spatial policy has been based on creating local spatial development plans, while in the Municipality of Dopiewo the main tool for it are still administrative decisions, and the local spatial development plan coverage amounts to merely 11%. Moreover, the analyses of population absorptive capacity showed that - in context of demographic forecast - the Municipality of Komorniki allocates ground for housing development more rationally. These analyses should ...
The aim of the paper was to develop the assessment of the conveyance of the main ditch R of the Łączany drainage system based on the results of surveying and hydraulic calculations. This ditch is the main element of the drainage system, eliminating the effects of damming the waters of the Vistula with the Łączany barrage. The analysis also took into account the influence of engineering structures, such as culverts and siphons. In the first stage of the analysis, hydraulic calculations were made without taking into account culverts and siphons. Calculation of the hydraulic conditions of water flow in the ditch channel was done for the neglected condition (first variant) and condition after maintenance (second variant). In the second stage of calculations, the influence of engineering constructions on the neglected condition (third variant) and the state after maintenance operations was taken into account (fourth variant). It was found that the conveyance of the R-ditch, determined in accordance with the established assumptions of the first variant and the second variant, indicate that almost the entire length of the R-ditch, its conveyance is lower than specified in the design assumptions. It was shown that the additional conveyance limit is caused by engineering ...
The article introduces acts in force, legal acts, regulations and documents which regulate matters related to the protection of soils in Poland. The soils belong to one of the most endangered natural resources and they are a subject to systematic degradation and permanent transformation as a result of their exclusion from the natural use. Sustainable use of soils increases the level of their protection. The priority is to stop or weaken unfavorable trends and negative impacts on the soil environment. Soil resources of agricultural area in Poland are systematically decreasing and this also applies to lands in a good rural culture. According to an ecological policy, the proper use of soil and forest resources is one of the actions aimed at ensuring ecological security. Poland as a member of European Union is obligated to devise strategies taking into account the current condition of the soil environment and the degree of threat to various forms of erosion. The paper analyzes the determinants of agricultural production in the Kuyavia-Pomerania province against the background of the whole country. According to the statistical data from the last decade, estimated area changes were assessed under the influence of actions aimed at protecting soil resources. ...
The work analyzed the functioning of the existing logistics system in the field of packaging waste management in the urban-rural commune of Wadowice. The analysis was carried out taking into account the efficiency of the planning, execution and monitoring processes of the packaging waste stream. In order to collect the material for research, mainly the available documentation in the resources of territorial self-government units, interviews carried out in logistic enterprises involved in the waste collection and transport system from the surveyed area and interviews conducted with the inhabitants of the commune (waste producers) were based. The research was carried out in 2013-2016. The results of the tests were tabulated, presented graphically and basic statistical measures were calculated. The obtained results allowed to evaluate the logistic processes carried out in the aspect of packaging waste management in the studied commune. The selective collection points of municipal waste were mainly collected in multi-material packaging waste, plastic packaging and mixed packaging. The percentage of packaging recovered by organized occasional collections was negligible. ...
The duty of each municipality in Poland is to set up a stationary Municipal Solid Waste Collection Points (MSWCP). These facilities are a new element of municipal solid waste management system, known in European countries as: "household waste recycling center". The lack of this type of municipal solid waste management infrastructure in many Polish communes or the existence of MSWCPs in the mobile version contributes to the emergence of wild dumps, and also don't allow the increase of the levels of recycling and reuse of some groups of waste.The environmental impact assessment of five existing MSWCPs in one of the poviats of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship was compared in article. The location, functioning and equipment of these facilities were assessed. The RIAM (Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix) method was used for the environmental impact analysis. From among the analyzed MSWCPs, two received a positive assessment, while 3 objects should be close down or completely modernized. ...
At present, while developing Integrated Real Estate Information System, as well as in the light of the need to implement the INSPIRE directive and the need of interoperability and harmonization of spatial data, it is extremely important in Poland to keep up-to-data cadastral data which maintains in accordance with the conceptual cadastral data model specification. Particular cadastral data are those on land use and classification contours, including class-land use (intersection of the land use and classification contour within the limits of the parcel of land).The paper aims to analyze the inconsistencies between the symbols of class-land use (attribute OKU in the cadastral database) and the conceptual cadastral data model specification. The research was carried out on the basis of cadastral databases for selected rural test objects in the EWMAPA software. The most frequent types of inconsistencies were indicated based on the research. The results of the study were confronted with the existing legal provisions, in order to indicate factors affecting the existence of the analyzed discrepancies in the cadastral database. Changes in legal regulations allowing to eliminate the most common inconsistencies were proposed. ...
