Zeszyt: 2017, vol. 14 / I / 1
Amphibian survey conducted in 2010-2012 in two mid-field ponds in the village of Stare Czarnowo, in the north-western part of Poland. The aim of the study was to evaluate the species composition and abundance of adult and juvenile amphibians and their breeding sites. It was found that in both ponds dominated brown frogs: especially Rana arvalis and green frogs: Pelophylax esculentus, Pelophylax lessonae. We meet them not only during the mating season, but throughout the study period also in adjacent agricultural fields and coastline. Less numerous in this area occurred: Hyla arboreta and Bombina bombina. The rarest representative of batrachofauna was Pelobates fuscus, which appeared only in one pond in 2012. In both ponds were recorded occurrence of a representative of the tailed amphibians: Lissotriton vulgaris. Numerous occurrence of amphibians in these mid-field ponds is a good sign, because batrachofauna is an excellent bioindicator aquatic environment. ...
Aim of this study was to evaluate the drip irrigation based on tomato crops in greenhouses carried out as the most economical and widely used irrigation system. The object of the study was a horticultural farm with an area of 2 hectares, which is located 20 km from Kalisz town, close to Szczytniki village, near the Kalisz - Łódź route. A drip irrigation system intended to irrigate 50,000 plants is used in the farm. This system is the best tomato irrigation system currently available on the market. It reduces the operating time resulting in reduction of expenditures per unit of output and labour productivity growth. On the farm tomato cultivation is carried out on mineral wool, which makes necessity of systematically irrigation associated with dispensing solutions, where the nutrient content needs to be adapted to a particular stage of the crop, considering individual needs variety. ...
The paper presents an assessment of the effect of under-crown irrigation on the yield of Fuji Kiki apple trees, in the third year of fruiting in the vegetation period of 2014. Sum of rainfalls during the vegetation period of 2014 was higher than mean rainfalls in the period of 90 mm. Dry spells in the analyzed vegetation period were longer, it was necessary to use a supplementary irrigation (total dose of water - 80 mm). On the basic of obtained results it was found that increase in apple trees yield was higher by 1,8 ·t∙ha-1 in comparison with the yield unirrigated plants. ...
This paper presents an assessment of the impact of irrigation on the growth and yield of five varieties of plums: Hanita, Elena, President, Amers , Jojo. The plums were grown in individual fruit farm in the village of Pyzdry in Wielkopolska. The assessed plum varieties were planted on stems of Węgierki Wangenheim in the autumn of 2010, on light soil good rye complex. The influence of different irrigation was assessed after 3 and 4 years (in 2013 and 2014) after planting, because in the early years there was no applied irrigation. Irrigation was used when the soil water potential decreased below - 0,01 MPa. The sprinkler "Head" was used for irrigation with a spacing 4 x 3m. Between the rows of trees there were grassy field and rows of herbicide fallow. Before the usage of irrigation (2012) the plum yields averaged 0,8 kg • tree--1. Depending on the precipitation totals in different growing seasons in 2013 and 2014, the doses varied from 10mm to 35mm, including 90mm from the IV to the VII month of 2013 and in an amount from 15mm to 80mm, 200mm in total, in the IV to VIII month of 2014. Under the ...
The aim of the analysis is to pointed out the areas in the ornamental plant production sector where some activities can be undertaken to prevent environment and natural recourses. In this paper some area of ornamental production with high impact on environment are indicate by a number index and possibilities to reducing this pressure are also pointed out. These are areas with intensive production under protection where great amount of fossil fuels are used to heat greenhouses or plastic tunnels and electricity used for supplementary lighting, areas of container plant production where intensive irrigation and fertilizing is needed, and area of field production with a high pressure on the soil. Estimating results shows that only heating of protected area used yearly 490 thousand tons of coal, 170 thousand ton of heating oil and 15,7 million m3 of natural gas. Apart from that, ornamental sector generate considerable amount of organic and nonorganic waste and also consuming 274,5 thousand m3 of sphagnum peat every year as one of the main component of a growing medium. ...
The process of penetration of rainwater from the atmosphere into the pedosphere consists of a multitude of transitional elements. One of them is the forest ecosystem. Variation in the amounts of water reaching the forest floor depends primarily on the size and construction of tree crowns (canopies), but also on the distance from the trunk. The ability to temporarily catch the rainwater is called interception. In the field, measurement of the interception, due to the methodological and technical complication is a difficult task to perform.The aim of the present study was to construct an apparatus for measuring the amount of water reaching under the crowns of trees, precise calibration and testing accuracy of methodology. 16 measuring devices were set under the crown of each of the trees included in the study, the 1th apparatus was modified to test the rainwater runoff on the trunk, while the 18th measured rainfall outside the beech stand. Increases in precipitation were recorded at certain intervals, which in turn provided a spatial-temporal image of the water storage capacity of tree canopies. For the realization of this stage, rain gauges containing overflow cylinders were prepared. The counter counted the number of tilts ...
Development of projects of skid trails in mountainous areas is an important economic action, directing a number of factors from different fields of forestry - silviculture, management, protection of soils, hydrology, engineering, economics, ergonomics, forest utilization, timber transport and safety. Such a project should take into account the conditions in a particular area of transport, namely: the mode of forest management, technological processes harvesting and transportation of wood, terrain, hydrological relations, types of ground, economy and security solutions applied. The specific design solution should also take into consideration: creating optimal conditions for natural forest regeneration, soil protection against water erosion and the formation of forests close to natural.Subject of the elaboration is technical and economic factors formative skid trail network in the mountainous forested areas. The aim is to discuss methodical technical and economic conditions affecting the skid trail network parameters in the design of these networks.The study contains a brief overview of the indications for the design of skid trails in the mountains arising from the knowledge from different disciplines of forestry, contained in novelised by the Administration of the State Forests and research centers of industry manuals and from their own experience the authors of the article. ...
The main aim of the research was to present comparative analysis of organization, productivity and profitability of conventional and organic dairy farms. The research was based on statistical data in form of time series from Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The study have proved that productivity and profitability of organic farms were significantly lower than in case of conventional farms. Such trend results mainly from two factors: business volume measured by farmland areas and size of stock and apparently lower milk cows yield. ...
The characteristic feature of the transmission infrastructure is its course over numerous properties of diversified protection status (arable lands, forest lands, Natura 2000 sites, national and landscape parks, historical areas, urban areas, areas threatened by floods). Considering this, as well as the fact that in Poland arable and forest lands cover about 91% of the entire country, and the Natura 2000 network covers about 20% of lands, it should be stated that the level of impacts of transmission installations on the agricultural space is considerably high. The objective of this paper is to analyse impacts of power lines (of high and very high voltages) on the agricultural space at the stage of investments implementation and exploitation of transmission installations. ...
The 2013 amendment to the Land and Mortgage Registers and Mortgage Act takes into account the standpoint of the Constitutional Tribunal regarding the division of a mortgaged property. The regulations of the act which were in effect before its amendment with respect to the removal, by way of division, of the shared ownership of a real estate property which had been mortgaged, were in violation of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, because the mortgage encumbered fractions of all the newly demarcated land properties. The document presents the issues associated with the legal aspects of the procedure of separating a new unmortgaged real estate property, created as a result of the division of a previously existing entry in the mortgage register with legally valid encumbrance. ...
As the primary land information system, the land and building register (real estate cadastre) supplies the data for the needs of land-use planning, land management, the scope of taxation and services, designation of land properties in mortgage registers, public statistics and the register of agricultural farms. In order for this register to be useful for the abovementioned purposes, it must contain data which is current, credible and easily accessible for users. The function of the system in the spatial information infrastructure of the country and in the integrated real estate information system also necessitates keeping the land and building register updated. The paper will discuss the legal and organisational aspects of the process of updating the register information (objective and subjective) under current legal circumstances. ...
EU aid funds enabled the municipalities to the realization of costly infrastructure investments to raise the standard of living, and hence their competitiveness. Implemented investments affect the socio-economic development, which is particularly evident in case of rural communities. It follows that EU assistance funds are an instrument of development policy, both in the regional and local levels. They will lead to a widening of the investment potential of the development of municipalities. Municipalities with different activity and effectiveness reach for the EU funds. Hence the purpose of this article is to attempt to find a relationship between the amount collected financial support for infrastructure investment and the level of socio-economic development of municipalities. The study included five rural municipalities located in three regions of Polish statistics (NUTS 1) - the northern, north-western and eastern. The analysis based on literature query, and using simple statistical methods. The study was conducted in several stages in the analysis of investment projects co-financed from EU funds, as well as the indicator showing synthetically socio-economic conditions of communities. The analysis of the relationship between the levels obtained the support of the EU and the socio-economic development was carried out using the Pearson correlation index. ...
The article presents the size of the land being in checkerboard of land in the villages of the municipality Sławno, located in central Poland, Lodz province. The analysis included the surface, the number of parcels and the number of owners. The study was performed by checkerboard array capable of identifying the prevalence of land by non-residents and local residents. Such an approach allows the determination of the exchange of land between them and their liquidation in the process of land consolidation works. The genesis of the phenomenon checkerboard of land is closely linked to historical facts. As a result of the acquisition method of recording the factual and legal land from invaders countries, in the late nineteenth century, in the cadastre Polish notes to this day many inaccuracies. Some of them are the result of differences in the definitions of cadastral objects under Austrian rule, Prussian and Russian and specific rights of inheritance of land. Polish territory is variation in the severity and the shape and dimensions of the checkerboard land. So we can say that examined the phenomenon is local which determines the aforementioned geographical and historical factors. ...
The subject of the study is to analyze the phenomena threatening the rural areas. The study focused mainly on floods, landslides and drought. The aim of this article is to determine the impact of these risks on space management and to demonstrate how the community in the selected area refer to them in planning documents. The article analyzes the programs, studies, plans and strategies for space management with regard to these events. The analysis showed that not all municipalities in a similar way in addressing the threats. And strategic planning documents do not prohibit development in areas at risk, only they determine that the investment risk borne by the investor. In case of drought analyzed the community to a very small extent, they refer to this phenomenon - although the task in terms of unblocking irrigation ditches and restoration of watercourses exist in each of the surveyed municipalities. In the era of climate change and the occurrence of extreme weather update planning documents and strategic issues of the occurrence and threat protection they are indeed the duty, since they increase safety of life, work and inverter rural areas. ...
The article presents the dynamics of socio-economic changes in the rural district of Krakow. For the purposes of analysis defined the phenomenon of socio-economic development with the help of variables clustered in four groups of information. Analyzes selected demographic factors, factors of an economic variables describing the social infrastructure and technical support. The analysis of changes in the analyzed period was based on the procedure for making typological delimitation of the communes of the district of Krakow and the municipalities homogeneous group. The values of the variables taken for analysis from sources of Official Statistics (GUS) from the years 2010-2014. As a result of the procedure typological defined types of municipalities homogeneous in terms of socio-economic conditions in the studied years, based on the selected diagnostic features. It presents the ranking of municipalities, and compared the dynamics of socio-economic development in the period in each rural district of Krakow. ...
