Zeszyt: 2015, vol. 12 / III / 2 (Aug 2015)
The paper describes the problems which are encountered in the upper Notec river catchment in agriculturally used peatlands, with hay-making as the main land use type. Economic situation in agriculture and lack of are the main reasons for the cessation of irrigation system maintaining and conservation as well as controlled water management. Decreased interest in utilization of water facilities is observed. Taking into account the present situation of agriculture in the region and the economic state of most farmers, the simple and cheap technique of controlled run-off of water from existing irrigation-drainage systems is recommended to demonstrate and implement practically as a method of irrigation and peatland protection. ...
The study was conducted in 2011-2012 by using litter bags on microplots in a forest soil under a canopy of trees, in optimal environmental conditions for most mites. The aim of the study was to analyze the colonization by mites of wood chips after application of two biopreparations containing cellulose-degrading bacteria. The experiment was conducted in the following variants: WC - control wood chips, WB I - chips after application of bacterial inoculum I (an unidentified G(-) rod-bacterium, Bacillus sp.) and WB II - chips after application of bacterial inoculum II (Streptomyces sp.). To maintain the optimum moisture level, the microplots were irrigated by means of microsprinklers. The highest average population density of mites in the two-year series of tests was found in the control chips: 42.28 individuals per 50 cm3. In the chips treated with the biopreparations, the density of these arthropods was lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. Dominant among the mites were mostly oribatid mites. Altogether, 34 species of oribatid mites were found in all the experimental variants. The most species (30) were found in the control variant, and fewer in the chips treated with the biopreparations - 27-26. Among the oribatid mites, Tectocepheus velatus ...
Greenhouses are agricultural buildings where production takes place throughout the year. In greenhouse cultivation, the objective is to ensure economically highest yield by means of adjusting the greenhouse indoor climatic conditions. During summer, cooling is needed in order to prevent overheating in greenhouse. The cooling in greenhouses is carried out via fan pad cooling systems. Hereby study aims at determining the effects of highest and lowest local humidity on indoor temperature changes, through detection of the influence of outdoor relative humidity on the system efficiency and cooling rates. The research is realised in the 24 m long, 10 m wide glasshouse in the city of Isparta. It is found out that temperature reduction values in greenhouse are highly influenced by the local highest and lowest relative humidity. According to the outcomes of the study, in a day when the outdoor relative humidity is low, temperature level rises around 6-7oC compared to a day with higher humidity; therefore, the outdoor relative humidity comes up as a significant parameter for improving system efficiency. It is concluded that the most suitable hours for starting the system is 9.00-10.00 a.m., when the temperature begins to increase, for a more cooling efficiency. ...
The aim of the study was to estimate the variability of biometric parameters in the second year of cultivation of Scots pine on the post arable ground. Planting were carried out on the basis of post arable ground located in the Faculty Agro and Hydrometeorology Observatory of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Scots pine plants in the second year of cultivation increased in height from 43.1 cm to 53.39 cm, 10,29 cm, i.e. 24 % ie. The growth rate of pine was the highest in the first part of the growing season (until June 14), when the plant height increased by 7.69 cm, accounting for about 75% of the total, the annual increment in height. The second biometric parameters studied - the diameter of the trunk - increased in the second year of growing pine from 13.16 mm to 23.36 mm (by 10. 2 mm, ie. about 77 %). ...
A field experiment carried out in two vegetation seasons in the years 2010 and 2011 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Investigation of the influence of drip irrigation on some growth parameters of 2-year-old cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) were done. The cup plants were cultivated from the micropropagation seedlings. The experiment was performed as one factorial in 4 replications. The main factor of the experiment was irrigation performed with following variants: O- without irrigation (control plots), D- with drip irrigation. Drip irrigation was scheduled according to tensiometers indications. Irrigation significantly increase the height of the plants, the length and number of internode, the thickness of the stalk,. Irrigation also increased the fresh weight of the shoots, and the number of the leaves. ...
The objective of the study was the comparison of optimal precipitation and deficits of atmospheric precipitation in relation to millet cultivated in the region of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in the period 1975-2014. In the region of Wrocław water needs in millet cultivation were larger than in the region of Bydgoszcz. In the growing season (from May to August) they amounted to 253 mm and 242 mm respectively. July was the month when the largest water needs were observed - 74 and 72 mm respectively. It was also discovered that in the region of Wrocław the optimal amount of precipitation in the millet growing season (from May to August) systematically increased in subsequent decades, from 234 mm in the period 1975-1984 to 266 mm in the period 2005-2014. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the increasing trend of changes of that index in time was significant. Monthly deficits of precipitation in the millet growing season - both maximum and average - were in each case larger in the region of Bydgoszcz. The largest maximum and average insufficiencies of precipitation occurred in July. The frequency of occurrence of years with insufficient precipitation was also larger in each month in the region ...
In 2002 the nurseries associated in Polish Nurserymen Association offered 4597 species and cultivars of woody plants and perennials, whereas 14 years later the number of available plants increased to 6361 taxa. During this time 1781 new species and cultivars were introduced and this means that every year 162 new taxa appeared on the market. During this period of time the number of climbers offered to gardeners was doubled, also number of conifers and broad leaved plants increased significantly, respectively 57,6 % and 48,2 %. However, with respect to the range of products and still increasing list of species, Polish nurserymen offer twice fewer plants than their colleagues from Holland or Germany. Import of new species and cultivars is the main source of plants so far unknown in Poland. Results of presented studies show that the number of holdings which import new plants from abroad increases proportionally to the expanding area of nursery production. The import of new species poses risk for the local environment and landscape, particularly the rural areas, because some of the foreign species are known as invasive. Results of the survey questionnaire show that theissues of invasive alien species are quite well known in the nurserymen's ...
Construction of biogas plants processing agricultural waste enables to reduce waste, limit emission of gases and odors in rural areas as well as gives the possibility to ensure self-sufficiency of energy. The amount of generated electricity and heat depends on the quantity and quality of biogas. The aim of this work was to show how the substrate affects the amount and composition of the biogas in agricultural biogas plants. The most commonly applied types of substrates in agricultural biogas plants in 2011-2012 and in the first half of 2013 were indicated due to the Agricultural Market Agency data. The research also showed the amount of agricultural biogas produced as well as the amount of electricity and heat generated from agricultural biogas during the time period mentioned above. ...
The article recalls an idea of a "village in a parkland landscape", which was realised in the West European countries from the mid-19th until mid-20th century. An example of the concept realised on Polish soils was the estate in Turew, the property of general Dezydery Chłapowski. At present, the area of the former property is a part of the Landscape Park. The principles of "landscape management" determined by Chłapowski have been observed up to this day. This primarily refers to tree plantings and farming. The paper discusses legal acts which might be a tool for introducing new landscape projects planned for rural areas. ...
Asparagus infection with numerous pathogens very often decreases yield of spears. Efficient protection of asparagus plantation can be very difficult and sometimes even unavailable due to lack of effective plant protection agents to control of some pathogens. The choose of cultivar and field before the establishment of plantation are crucial in such cases. Irrigation has also a very considerable impact on asparagus yielding. It can influenced the diseases development too. The aim of the research was to evaluate the susceptibility of microirrigated, three German asparagus cultivars to the plants infection by pathogens.The field experiment was settled in 1998 at KruszynKrajenski near Bydgoszcz on a sandy soil. The first factor was microirrigation used in variants: W1 - non-irrigated plots (control), W2 - drip-irrigated plots, W3 - microsprinkler-irrigated plots. Irrigation doses were adequate for amount and distribution of rain-precipitation and were found out by tensiometers, too. They amounted to 195 and 113 mm for micro-sprinkler and drip irrigation, respectively. The second factor were three German cultivars of asparagus: ‘Ap', ‘Gr' and ‘SchwetzigerMeisterschuss', grown for blanched spears. Plant healthiness observations were carried out in the first 4 harvest years (2000-2004). Occurrence of root and stem rot (Fusariumoxysporumf.sp. asparagi, F. culmorum), asparagus rust ...
The aim of the research has been to determine the effect of the inoculum (forest litter containing living edaphon mixed with peat) on selected plant growth parameters of white birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings growing with a covered root system, the mycorrhizal status as well as the abundance of the Acari in the root clump. The research was performed in 2013 at the container nursery of Bielawy (53°01'37.3"N 18°42'55.3"E), in the Forest Inspectorate of Dobrzejewice. The experiment started on May 10, seedlings were growing in containers placed on steel pallets in 2 treatments: C -control, L - 10% of additive of inoculate shredded pine forest litter. Seedlings of white birch cultivated in the treatment with addition of litter were significantly higher than those from control treatment. There were no significant differences between the diameter and the fresh mass of the the seedlings in the two treatments. The percentage of vital mycorrhizae increased slightly in the treatment with the addition of litter. The proportion of non-vital mycorrhizas was lower in the control treatment. Our results indicate that forest litter might improve environmental conditions rather by changing moisture-temperature relationships than by changing the availability ...
The aim of the article is to determine the size of tourism demand demonstrated by clients of travel agencies: Rainbow Tours, Itaka and Tui. The research shows that the respondents often choose domestic tours. These are most often weekend trips where tourists prefer hiking and cycling. Almost 50% of the respondents go on domestic tours once a year. Pomerania (the seaside region) is the most popular destination with the respondents. Almost half of them decide to go on a tour to relax. One in five respondents travels on business and one in four visits their family or friends. Tourists who spend PLN 136-180 during a trip constitute the biggest group. The main reason to travel is to relax with the family members or just the closest person (a spouse). More than a half of the respondents organise their trip on their own. They most often travel by car, which is connected with the opportunity to go sightseeing on their own after they reach the destination. Most of the respondents book accommodation in hotels, motels or guesthouses. One in four respondents stays on an agritourism farm. ...
