Zeszyt: 2015, vol. 12 / II / 2 (Jun 2015)
The quantitative and qualitative state of water resources in Poland were presented in the paper. Discussed were selected factors shaping changes of water quality, including: improvement in sewage treatment balance, increase in the sewage system length, increase in the population number using sewage treatment plants, diminished outflow of organic substances and biogens in treated sewage. Presented state of water purity in Poland indicates, that despite improving quality, their state is still bad and the date when the desired state may be reached is still distant. The needs of municipal economy were presented against the state of water management, including the characteristics of selected systems of waterworks and sewage disposal systems development during the period of the last two decades, indicating the specific character of these systems in rural areas. ...
The aim of the presented studies was to calculate interception values for the sixty-year-old pine stand located in Tuczno Forest District. The area subjected to analysis is located in the north-western part of Poland, in West Pomerania province. The calculations were based on the measurements of precipitation above the tree crowns (2 pluviometers) and at a height of 1 m above the surface (13 pluviometers). Precipitation measurements used in this work were carried out in 30-minute intervals during the entire 2014. The analyses were conducted using mainly A-STER tipping bucket pluviometers. Temporary interception in the studied sixty-year-old pine stand can reach even about seven millimeters. The daily difference between precipitation above the tree crowns and precipitation at 1 m above the surface can reach twelve millimeters. The calculated volume of the so called interception reservoir was about three millimeters (3.26 mm). The annual value of interception for the tested stand was 19.6% of the total annual precipitation. ...
The paper presents analysis of existing concrete tiles roofing on outbuildings in selected localities of the Pińczów district. On the basis of the observations on the spot it was established that concrete tiles constitute 18% of all roof coverings in the investigated area. It is the most frequently used on livestock housing. It was noticed that of all concrete tiles, 81% are the products manufactured using traditional methods, directly on the construction site. Water absorption by weight was determined for selected concrete tiles in order to assess the technical state of existing concrete tiles roofing. The tests of water absorption by weight revealed about 1.6% lower water absorption for tiles mass produced by industry than for traditionally manufactured ones. The tiles utilised on buildings for more than 40 years were characterised by even 0.7% increase in water absorption by weight in comparison with non-utilised tiles. ...
The article presents the issue of the accomplishment of records of law in the scope of spatial planning by local authorities. Communes that draw up land-use plans are obliged to publish these documents on the offices' websites. In the era of the development of information society, it is a crucial element that allows for an increase in the availability of local law for local actors who more than once use the Internet to get acquainted with the spatial policy of a commune. Rural communes are characterized by lower possibilities in the scope of the use of new technologies both as for the availability and the personnel and limited budget. Opportunities in this scope are based on the use of promotional-informational sites, Public Information Bulletin and geoportals to share local documents with the society.The outcomes of the presented research are promising since communes often resign from the obligation to publish land-use plans on websites. Among the units that decide to place plans on the web portals it is not always connected with posting all the documents that are existed in a commune. These observations were the basis for an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon in rural communes. ...
This paper analyzed seasonal dynamics of mite (Acari) aggregations, with particular attention to oribatid mites (Oribatida), in two different substrates intended for soil regeneration - shredded forest litter from Scots pine forest and pine wood chips. The study was conducted in the years 2011-2012, on microplots established within a belt of trees in a nursery in Białe Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest District). To maintain optimum moisture content, the microplots were hydrated by micro sprinklers as per the guidelines and schedule for the irrigation of nurseries, and mean soil moisture was kept at the level of 5.1-9.9 %. The mites were classified into orders and oribatid mites into species or genera, with regard to juvenile stages. A total of 4,142 mites were determined, including 2,939 oribatid mites.Mite density in the shredded forest litter, intended mainly for soil inoculation with edaphon, was similar in the initial and final period of the study. Mite density in the pine wood chips, intended for mulching degraded soils and providing optimal conditions for mesofauna development, increased over two years of the study. Oribatid mites were the most abundant mites in the analyzed samples. Mean number of their species s in the forest litter was comparable at the ...
Development of road infrastructure and growing number of vehicles on the roads increase the probability of road collisions with wild animals (fallow deer, stag, moose, roe deer or wild boar). In order to improve the safety and decrease the number of wildlife vehicle collisions, it is justifiable to determine the time intervals in which the probability of road accidents involving animals occurs, including seasonal, monthly and daily changes over the whole year. The research comprised an analysis of the structure of road collisions involving wild animals in the years 2001-2011, including the division into seasons, monthly and daily intervals. The data of the number of road traffic collisions involving animals were obtained through an analysis of the data base of Police Headquarters in Warsaw. The identified structure of seasonal and daily road collisions involving animals revealed that the highest number of accidents happened in autumn (29.36%) and spring (26.60%). Almost 10.88% of the analysed accidents happened in October and c.a. 10.62% in May. In the daily structure, the highest probability of collision was after the sunset. These changes are related to daily and seasonal migration due to animal behaviour and the traffic density. ...
The article presents common used methods for measuring dissolved oxygen concentration at wastewater facilities. The described methods include Winkler titration and instrumental measurements, such as electrochemical sensors and more recent developed optical ones. The principles, analysis procedures as well as advantages and drawbacks of the methods were discussed. Furthermore, the valid ISO and PN-EN standards for dissolved oxygen measurements were shortly presented with emphasis on the recent changes concerning standards for the optical sensor method. As the results of a survey conducted among wastewater treatment plant operators in southern Poland reveal, optical sensors are being currently preferred in on-line applications due to their enhanced properties in comparison to other measurements methods. ...
The use of forests, a versatile multi-purpose forestry sector can only be maintained through the achievement of significant quality standards required by the increased 21st-century environmental, social and economic needs. Nowadays it is a favourable condition that Hungary is a member of the European Union and, consequently, the country can apply for EU funds in the field of forest management. Unfortunately, the approximately 14 years before the accession were not without problems in this area either.In the forest management of Hungary some economic difficulties and privatization issues have emerged since the regime change, which made it difficult slowing down the dynamic development of forest management. However, since the regime change this sector recovered within a few years and the development started, with the result that now the Hungarian forest area reached 1 935.8 thousand hectares. Nevertheless, Hungary is still one of the countries in the European Union having less favourable indicators for the forest cover. Over the past 24 years there was a growing tendency regarding forest areas. Compared to 1990, the Hungarian forest area increased by 14.2% in 2014. It is expected to keep growing in the future as well in case forestation and deforestation (forestation and felling) will ...
The paper presents three necropolises of Podgórze, formerly an independent township, at present the municipal district No. XIII of Krakow. Indicated were elements of cultural material and spiritual heritage of the old and new Podgórze cemeteries and the largest cemetery from the World War II time, for what can be considered the area of Nazi concentration camp KL Płaszów. These cemeteries are a resting place of persons who made a lasting contribution to the history, scientific, cultural and social life of Podgórze. Epitaphs placed on old monuments, which are pieces of sculptural art, provide a source of information about the socio-professional structure and nationalities of Podgórze inhabitants, who became fast polonized. A significant element of the necropolises internal landscape are green area, which in many cases requires a change of composition and certainly better tending measures. ...
The paper reports the first stage of works on revalorisation of the surroundings of castle ruins in Krupe situated in the rasnystaw district, Lubelskie voivodship. In 2012-2014 desk studies were conducted involving historical analysis of the place and analysis of spatial transformations of the object, as well as fieldworks comprising a detailed dendrological inventory of the terrain. A pond adjoins the castle on its north side, which makes the place greatly charming. The ruins are surrounded by a park from the turn of the 18th and 19th century. Tree species most numerous in this area comprise: Aesculus hippocastanum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster. ...
The article is the analysis and attempt at an assessment of relief impact on the land use. The investigations focus particularly on the analysis of percentage share of agricultural land in Nowy Targ district computed for selected land slope intervals. Land use, conditioned by human activity is strictly dependent on historical conditions, physiographic location and climate, as well as on the land form. The relief has a significant impact on the quality of agricultural production area. Indirectly it also influences the other components of the environment, i.e. soils, water and climatic conditions. Directly it impacts the organisation of agricultural production influencing the difficulty of soil tillage and intensity of soil erosion. Agricultural land adjustment to the type of relief diminishes the erosion hazard and improves agrotechnological assessment of the soil tillage difficulty.The investigations were conducted on an example of Nowy Targ rural district. The district has diversified land relief resulting among others from its localisation close to the foothills. The analysis bases on the image of land use obtained from Corine Land Cover 2006. Average land slope was established on the basis of digital land model determining the selected slope intervals. ...
