Zeszyt: 2013, vol. 10 / 02 / 3 (Jun 2013)
The development of the road infrastructure, migration ways of animals crossing with roads increase the possibility of a road incident with animals. The road incidents with animals are the source of multimillion financial losses and can cause permanent disabilities and even death of the road users. In order to increase safety and decrease the negative impact of road on the natural environment, the research should be conducted and the appropriate safety features decreasing the probability of animals rushing on to roads should be used.The aim of the study was to analyze the road incidents with animals on Polish roads between 2001 - 2011. In the study the road incidents with big animals i.e. with the deer (deer, fallow deer, elk, roe deer) and wild boars were analyzed. In the researched period the tendency of changes for: the number of road incidents with animals, the number of animals, the number of registered vehicles was analyzed. It was calculated, how often it came to a road incident with animals.In the researched period 2001 - 2011 it came to 153,269 road incidents with animals, including 151,882 collisions, 1,387 accidents in which 61 persons died, 1,804 were injured. The increase of road incidents with ...
This paper presents an assessment of the water quality of the Bochotniczanka river flowing through the area of community Naleczów and Spa Park resort in Nałęczów. It also identifies the root causes of pollution of the river and the measures to improve the status quo. It was found that the factors that have direct impact on water quality of the river are: study area pollution, especially surface runoff of eroded fields, as well as point pollution associated with disordered wastewater management in the catchment, which include, among others: farm cows, vacuum trucks base and horse riding. Physico-chemical indicators that indicate poor quality of the water in the tested river were: BOD5, ChZTCr, suspended solids and phosphates. Mean values of these ratios were generally outside the scope of the designated quality class in the Regulation of the Ministry of Environment [2011]. It was indicated that the abundance of coliforms and faecal coliforms, recorded in the waters of the Bochotniczanka river, in accordance with the Regulation of Ministry of Environment [2004], degrades it to V - the worst quality class and indicates their direct contamination by domestic waste. It was observed that the presence of a dam reservoir in the form ...
The study shows the uncommon combination of the curative function with the industrial function as exemplified by the Ustroń spa. Ustroń is a small town with 15 588 residents. It is located in the southern part of the Silesia voivodeship, in the Cieszyn powiat. It is part of the Silesian Beskids and is also located in the valley of the Vistula river and its Jaszowiec tributary, at the foot of Równica. In the last couple of centuries Ustroń was subject to significant spatial and developmental changes. This involves the succession of functions from agriculture, herding, wagoning, iron mining, steel-work, activities related to metal and machine industry to the tourist function, especially curative and recreational tourism. The coexistence of the two functions can be referred to as uncommon as usually they are mutually exclusive and do not exist alongside. Research conducted in Ustroń allowed to conclude that it is an example of a town in which these two very different functions may in fact complement each other. The coexistence of the industrial function with the curative-recreational function has been possible for many years due to the location's numerous tourist values, especially environmental ones. A great role in the development of Ustroń ...
The analysis of gatherings for soil mites (Acari) - with special emphasis of oribatid mites (Oribatida) - on post-arable land and forest land in 5-year cul-tivations and 8-year young forest stands of Scots pine and silver birch in Bory Tucholskie forests has been presented in the paper. Soil samples for acarological research were taken in the years 2006 and 2009 - in three seasons for every year: springtime (in mid-May), in summer (the beginning of August) and in autumn (in mid-October). Cultivations on the ferested post-arable land were characterized by lower density of mites than on the restored forest land. The all stands in the young forest stage were characterized by increased abundance of these arthropods. Oribatid mites were the most numerous group: their share in gatherings on post-arable land ranged from 63 to 81%, and on forest land their share was slightly higher - 79-87%. Overall, 39 species of oribatid mites were found on the study area - 25 occurred on post-arable land and 29 on forest land. Species diversity of these mites in cultivation and in the forest soil of young forest stand was considerably higher than that on post-arable land. Aforestation of post-arable land ...
The area subjected to analysis is located in the north-west part of Poland in Pomerania province. The study is located in the vicinity of meteorological research station managed by the Department of Meteorology, University of Life Sciences in Poznań. The area is located within the buffer zone of Drawieński National Park. Standard tests of the water conditions in forests based on river basin schema, which basically makes evaluation the quasi-point impossible (in units or subunits of forest). Therefore, to calculate the profile drainage and retention changes proposed measurements of groundwater levels in the trailing transects and marking moisture in the aeration zone using TDR method. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) became known as a useful method for soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity measurement in the 1980s through the publication of a series of papers by Topp, Dalton and others. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is inferred from the dielectric permittivity of the medium, whereas electrical conductivity is inferred from TDR signal attenuation. Empirical and dielectric mixing models are used to relate water content to measured dielectric permittivity. Clay and organic ...
Since 2007 the program called "Enhancing water storage capacity and preventing floods and drought in lowland forest ecosystems" has been implemented in the Polish forests. Its objective is to stop or slow down the outflow of surface water in the vicinity of small catchment areas and to support the development of natural landscape. The activities include, among others, the construction or renovation of several thousand water storage systems in lowland forests throughout the country. One of the major goals of the project is to support ecologically sound methods of water retention. The improvement of water balance will enhance biodiversity in forest ecosystems. This project may become the first large effort in Europe to develop small-scale water retention in forests. It analyzed the small water retention investments data already existing in Tuczno Forest Division. Analysis of the documentation showed that Tuczno Forest Division invests primarily cheap small water retention objects, environmentally friendly, made from ecological materials. These constructions often combine features of road engineering structures with backwater devices (culvert-penstock, dike). In this study, it was found that the depth and capacity of water reservoir in the 100th forest sub-compartment is less than the project intent by 4% and 10%. The cause ...
Outliers are a common problem occurring in a set of environmental va-riables and such the observations often disturb significantly the final classification of the quality of aquatic ecosystems. Identification of outliers can reduce various sources of error in environmental monitoring, which can be caused by a person, equipment or method as well as other random factor. This paper examines how to detect outliers by using some statistical tests. Four tests were analysed: Q-Dixon, Grubbs, Hampel and quartiled. All of them were evaluated in terms of detection sensitivity of typical outliers. The analytical dataset consisted of a monthly analysis of the various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. The study was conducted Turing the single year (2010) in two rivers in Wielkopolska region (Głomia and Mogielnica) representing different degrees of degradation. ...
The area structure of individual farms constitutes an essential element in-fluencing both the advisability of consolidation work and probable effects of this work. Identification of the areas where the parameters determining the area structure of farms are advantageous constitutes an essential element of the identi-fication process of the areas which meet requirements to undergo the consolidation work. The article presents a proposal of an indicator which makes it possible to evaluate the area structure of the registered units belonging to 7.1 registration group (individual farms) from the viewpoint of identification of areas which can be qualified as appropriate ones to undergo consolidation work. The need of in-troduction of such an indicator has been pointed out due to the drawbacks in evaluation of the area structure of farms on the basis of the knowledge of only the average surface of a farm in a given area. The indicator is calculated on the basis of the knowledge of the percentage participation of individual area groups of farms and to a greater extent allows for a diagnosis of obtainable results of the consolidation work. The calculations connected with ...
Identification of the areas on which the spatial structure parameters are beneficial from the point of view of the desirability of implementing the land con-solidation work, constitutes an essential element of object determining process which qualifies for this type of activities. The use in the mentioned process data from the documentation of land registration only, can be a source of mistakes in the areas identification on which it is possible to get the satisfactory effect of land consolidation, because largely its depends on village spatial structure and terrain handicap. This elements aren't most possible to identification based on mentioned data set.This article presents the proposal a new approach to the evaluation of the land consolidation requirement on rural areas. It suggests to supplement mostly for this purpose used indicator calculated based on data from the documentation of land registration by the immeasurable indicator defined the intensity of the phenomenon which negatively influences on the possibility of shaping the new plot configuration and getting the satisfactory effect of land consolidation. It is proposed to make this kind of analysis based on current aerial photographs of tested areas. This article presents the results of the values determination of proposed indicator for ...
Auschwitz is mainly recognized around the world for its holocaust camp, which is situated in the city and in its vicinities. The ominous Auschwitz-Birkenau camp was established during World War II and today it houses the National Auschwitz-Brzezinka Museum, which is annually visited by numerous tourist from around the world. As a result of establishment of this museum the municipal area has been transformed to a specific tourist space, which features the so-called martyrdom tourism type. Martyrdom tourism may be classified as a form of cul-tural and cognitive tourism, which is emphasized by its educational function. The level of tourism management and subsequent analysis of tourist movement enable to perform delimitation of the tourist activity zones. According to the tourist space concept developed by Liszewski four types of tourist space zones have been designated for the purpose of this research: penetration, exploration, assimilation and colonization. The above-mentioned zones have been outlined within the administrative borders of the city of Auschwitz and the nearby village of Brzezinka. Performed analysis indicates that the prevailing tourist penetration space is concentrated within the limits of the Auschwitz-Birkenau National Museum. This museum highlights the unique position of Auschwitz among other cities in Poland in terms ...
The following study presents results of the research concerning land con-figuration of plots located in Mściwojów which are in possession of people who live outside the area. A basic surface element that was taken for analysis were continuous parts of cadastral plots utilized using only one utilization type. In order to carry out this study, the following, specialist computer programs were applied: MKTopoGUTR, Plikpol and Pole . They utilize data from a numeric cadastre map and from a descriptive part of the digital general lands and buildings register. The detailed research deals with 20 basic features of land configuration of plots. The research into the land configuration of plots with arable land consisted in evaluating the plain of plots by comparing individual features land configuration of plots with the values assumed to be correct or optimal.The results of obtained pa-rameters were estimated in the scope of their correctness which made it possible to indicate flaws in the existing land structure and to define a course of improvement. ...
Article based on an analysis of selected elements of agricultural production space in Tomice municipality located in the province Małopolska. The aim of the study is overall evaluation of measurable, environmental agricultural production space seams of area designated in the local spatial development plan. An analysis was based on quality and relevance of agricultural soils, soil protection category with the highest quality grades and soil moisture levels. The overall assessment of the elements allowed to determine the most valuable areas for agriculture and natural production. Another aspect concerned the designation of areas, which, due to their defective, can be allocated to non-agricultural purposes as the reserve land. The study of selected environmental elements of the agricultural production space based on basic GIS techniques. Analysis performed in the Quantum GIS. ...
The article presents the method of analysis of critical infrastructure, basing on the method of detection and identification of recognized objects applied very high resolution imagery data. Authors described the informative contents of both aerial and satellite images. They also showed, that factor usefulness of satellite imageries, is not their high measuring possibilities but the limited interpretative possibilities. Special attention was also paid on radiometrical and spectral resolution of gaining imageries as a critical factors in interpretation of aerial and satellite images process. In the paper the analytic procedures of images as well as using of author's tools to the semi-automatic interpretation of images, were introduced. Presented method includes: the analysis of problem and the definition of interpretative aim of analysis, the selection of source materials, semi-automatic as well as manual interpretation, the results processing in environment of Geographic Information Systems and making accessible data. According to designed method the results of spatial analysis are published with application of WWW servers as well as in the image map form, which is created through cartographical study of ortophotomap, enriched with information coming from other spatial data sources. ...
