Zeszyt: 2013, vol. 10 / 02 / 2 (Jun 2013)
Modern measurement technologies such as laser scanning provides infor-mation about the reality that surrounds us in the form of point clouds. However, the information about the geometry of the objects stored in this form is often impractical from the point of view of the recipient. Therefore, it is necessary converting point clouds to vector models supported by CAD software. This paper presents the applicability and use some 3D modeling tools available in the software Leica Cyclone, as well as the accuracy of the fitting obtained geometry in the point clouds. ...
Key problem in processing data originating from airborne laser scanning is filtration understood as a procedure of elimination of all points which do not belong to specific surface in measured cloud of points. It enables determination of topographic surface course, that is determine DTM. Preliminary classification is usually performed automatically with use of various algorithms for automatical filtration of laser scanning data. Depending on used program exist possibilities of such filtration correction through manual classification. In the paper analysis of automats applied in classification of cloud of points originating from airborne laser scanning on example of TerraScan program. Results obtained using automates with different parameters were compared, and the most often appearing errors DTM and DSM were taken into consideration. Investigations were performed on data originating from the airborne laser scanning performed in 2011, containing a part of Silesia Voivodship. The scanning was performed from a plane using LMS-Q680i scanner with the average height of flight about 850 meters, and the flight was proceeded in two directions: north-south, and east-west with transverse scanning angle respectively 25 and 30 grades. Average density of scanning in single flight came to 6 points on a square meter. ...
3-D technics have been used in architectonic object visualisation for many years with success. Only the tools which enable gaining the information about the object - change, as well as the tools which enable creation of the 3-D models of the objects. The paper shows possibility of application of photographs made by non-metric camera, in 3-D modelling of objects of small architecture, which was the Krakow roadside shrine. The model was created in two different ways. Hereunder the methods are presented: very complicated photogrammetric method, and the simple one using easy to access and simple in handling Freeware tool. The first method needs the adaptation of non-metric camera to photogrammetric survey. It requires performing of autocalibration of non-metric camera, and next taking metric photographs with it and processing them on digital autograph VSD. This, enabled to gain the full metric model of the object under the study. The second method based on taking with the same camera corner photographs of the shrin, and next using them - modelling the object in one of the freeware software available in the Internet. In the paper the two methods are being compared, and the 3-D models of the shrine are described ...
With new's technology it is possible to create a Digital Terrain Model, which is increasingly being used in various fields of science. Determining of flood plains based on Digital Terrain Model provides insight into the existing reality, and at the same time it is relatively quick to execute. The use of Digital Terrain Model has been shown in the area of the river Dłubnia that is located near the city of Krakow. The work has been performed with the exploitation of digital photogrammetric station "Delta", where spatial coordinates has been created followed by the generation of elevation map. Three-dimensional models of the terrain and water models came into being in the ‘Surfer 10' program on the basis of selected coordinates of the ‘Delta' program. The models were respectively combined introducing the flooding zone afterwards. ...
The study has in view to determine the planning studies impact on the value of the landscape. Attempt to assess the landscape have been taken prior to the adoption of local land use plan and after its enactment. The assessment was con-ducted on the basis of aerial photographs of the test terrain and the vision of the local. In this paper has been concluded comparative analysis of land-use plans for this terrain. The area which was analysed this „industrial zone" villages Morzy-chna. In order to determine the planning studies impact on the value of the land-scape has been used method the curve of the Wejchert. The method involves on contractual presentation of impressions and thrills the observer. By granting points in duly selected scale the observer shall be guided by intensity of sensations at specified intervals or, at a specified distance. The author of method proposes ten points at scale as well as mark them on a graph for the illustrating the changeability of impressions and thrills in contact with the landscape. ...
The existence of areas without connection to the road network is one of the significant feature influencing the conducting of rational and profitable agricultural production. The difficulties in this range should include the lack of a direct connection with the network of public roads, low quality of existing roads, causing transport problems, and also impossibility of field access in the event of adverse weather conditions. Identification of areas where the phenomenon of lack of road network connection occurs with a lot of intensity, constitutes an essential element of the process of identifying areas which qualifies to implement the comprehensive land consolidation. High level of that areas indicator testifies of necessity of new road network organizing and associated with them the high financial expenses. The purpose of this article is to present the spatial differentiation of parts of Dąbrowski administrative district by the indicator determining the intensity of the areas without connection to the road network. This article presents the proposal of method for determination this indicator. Moreover it presents the result of the values determination of proposed indicator for one of the most agriculturally used district in Małopolska Province which is Dąbrowski administrative district. The analysis were made for all ...
Excessive fragmentation of farm grounds constitutes one of the biggest ob-stacles for rational and profitable agricultural production. Identification of the areas where this phenomenon occurs with great intensity is an essential element of the identification process of areas which are accepted for the consolidation work.The presented article introduces a proposal with a new approach to the evaluation of lot fragmentation in rural areas by abandoning the use of the average lot area surface in a given area in favour of the indicator which comprises both the area structure of farms and the average lot area in individual specified area groups of individual farms. The proposed indicator precisely identifies the areas which qualify for realization of the consolidation work by the possibility of the differentiating influence of individual farms on the value of the final synthetic indicator. Calculations connected with determination of the proposed indicator have been carried out for 81 registered areas which belong to Dąbrowski administrative district (Małopolska voivodeship). ...
Tourist maps play very important role in mountaineering. They enable the tourist to orientate in surrounding space, giving the information not only con-cerning location, but also existing tourist infrastructure. Until recently tourist maps existed only in paper form, however nowadays with the use of digital car-tography interactive tourist maps become more and more popular. The paper presents the methodology of creation of an interactive map for the part of Silesian Beskid. The map contains information about mountain lodges, peaks, mountain trails, and additional attractions. An additional element of the map is the Digital Terrain Model and animation enabling virtual flight over selected part of the trail. The map has been created on the basis of ground survey, background maps downloaded from Geoportal, instructions and technical directives in force, and also literature connected with GPS and land surveying. The first part of the paper has a theoretical character. It describes the methodology of performed survey, and characteristic of used instruments, software and maps. The second part describes the stages of the project creation using Quantum GIS software, starting from creation of interactive map, ending on animation, and also the ...
In the paper the attempt is made to estimate the volume of the apparition of desriptive data discrepancies concerning plot (property) in selected cadastral dis-trict. In Poland data concerning plots (properties) are published in two basic public registers, which are kept by public administrative powers. Namely Mortgage Register - Księgi Wieczyste (KW) and Land and Buildings Cadastre - Ewidencja Gruntów i Budynków (EGiB). The aim of Mortgage Register is to register subjects of the register (persons) rights to the register objects (properties). On the other hand the essence of the Land and Buildings Cadastre keeping is to collect information concerning spatial location of the objects, geometry and descriptive information. A certain range of information is doubled in both registers. One can say that EGiB and KW complement one another. The practice shows that, the system of information exchange between the two system is imperfect. Surveyer, in his work, often has to cope with the necessity of clearing all mutual discrepancies of the subject and object information, derived from both registers, and determination of the truth is often connected with longlasting legal and administrative procedures. Such cases cause also local ...
This article is the continuation of issues tackled in [Mika, Siejka 2012], devoted to the examination of dependences between the difference in the cadastral and recorded space and its value determined on the basis of average transaction prices based on the example of selected cadastral units of the city of Krakow (Krowodrza, Nowa Huta). In this case, the discussed units are Podgórze and Śródmieście. The paper presents relations between the difference in the space of a given plot and the difference in the value of the same plot. Percentage differences in the spaces of plots adopted in synchronisation lists seem unjustified with reference to the values of the plots in question, according to the criterion of equivalence used so far. In practice, arbitrarily adopted criteria of equivalence of the systems are used, yet there are ambiguities as to the legal and technical origin of these criteria. We are not aware of the regulation they stem from.The analysed data covered differences in space taken from land and building register documents. Information from more than 1100 randomly selected equivalents was used. The dispersion of the collected data has been demonstrated in the publication in graphic form.The research has rejected cases in which ...
Measuring the course of the gas network is possible using surveying. They make it possible to obtain sufficiently accurate results for the possibility of moni-toring the movements of the gas main, especially in the landslide areas. In planning the appropriate series frequency of testing, we can predict the displacement on what it is exposed, and in what period of time. Thanks to this professionals from the scope of strength of materials can calculate the deformation and strength of materials. This gives the possibility to obtain an approximate lifetime, exposed to damage, the gas main and take appropriate action before the damage becomes a fact. Damage to any gas main network extends as a threat to the environment. It also forms an obstruction to the existence of the population to which the transfer is interrupted, especially where, as in the case in question is a strategic network of supplying high pressure gas to Podhale.In the publication discusses the results of measurements and calculations for a line of high pressure gas pipeline DN 300 g in Borzęta, in the municipality Myślenice. Studied section of the pipeline is located within the newly established, clearly visible landslides. The object was measured by standard methods ...
Carpatian Mountains are the region of great significance for proper func-tioning of natural environment and of economic life of Poland as well. Scientific studies carried out and co-ordinated by the Mountain Areas Management Commitee of Polish Academy of Science show clear, that the preference functions of mountain areas should be: water man-agement, health and strength recovery of population, protection of natu-ral environment values, forestry and farming. Necessity of rebuilding of agrarian structures, control of processes related to water circulation and water errosion and the need of protec-tion of water resources and natural biocenosis, possible thanks to finance support of structural funds of the European Union, will require creation of a new land use model on the area under study, and introduction of thor-ough changes in agricultural land management directions. To put these tasks into practice, consolidation of land may be used as an effective tool of rebuilding of spatial structures of rural areas, after introduction of appropriate changes in regulations and procedures. ...
In recent years we have anxiously been observing climate instability - sudden temperature changes, warm winters, torrential storms, hurricanes and heavy rains. These phenomena exert a negative impact on the environment and human safety. Information on the environment and knowledge of its components, particularly the surface of the earth, fossil resources, water, air, landscape, climate and the other elements of biodiversity as well as the common interrelations between these elements, will allow for predicting spatial changes. Efficient monitoring that uses a system of spatial information, including the cadastral database, constitutes the basis for effective prevention of potential damages and minimization of losses due to natural disasters. ...
The purpose of the paper is to present terminology and definitions of degraded and uncultivated lands as well as pointing of the possibilities of their alternative development. It's worth stressing that the suggested land development changes should result from the predestination of a given area to fulfill certain goals as well as be in accordance with rules of law. In the research part of the paper on the basis of two consolidated objects the analyzed areas have been identified and it has been determined how the as-sumptions about the project refer to the selected areas in the light of the proposed changes of their former use. ...
Poland is third in Europe after France and Spain in terms of participation in use of agricultural soils and share of agricultural lands in the whole area of country. Diversity of natural conditions, mainly soil, in the particular communes dictates the need to diversify production profile. This represents a shift of production towards the right for a small scale, with an emphasis on specialization in several areas of the community. The commune Staroźreby belongs to the problem areas such as backward, peripheral or located in economically depressed. The aim of this study was to determine the principles of rational development of community Staroźreby taking into account existing soil and environmental protection principles. Soil and environmental conditions of community Staroźreby promote the use of environmental resources due to: (i) landform features, (ii) the favorable climatic conditions, (iii) adequate water conditions, (iv) soil conditions, (v) a high total value CVAPA, (vi) the low level of industrialization. Agricultural use of natural resources of Staroźreby community will be associated with increasing share of specialized farmsteads (eg, breeding pigs, cattle, gardening). The main problems of agricultural development in the commune Staroźreby result of: (i) unfavorable agricultural structure, (ii) a large share of low-fertility soils, ...
