Zeszyt: 2012, vol. 9 / 03 / 4 (Dec 2012)
In the paper, the dynamic of changes in the land use structure is presented.There was analyzed period from 1941-2010. The land survey and topographic map were the main source materials. The scope of research was municipality and rural areas of Niepolomice and part of Podleze locality, where the economic zone is located.The temporal - spatial analysis of changes dynamic was made using GIS.There were seven different forms of land use analyzed. The dynamic of changes in the land structure was determined with dynamic index.The carried out analysis has indicated changes in the land structure and its direction. The structure of the land use has confirmed current trends of spatial policy, where noticeable is infrastructural development at the expense of agricultural land. ...
This paper presents the research results of pollution level in Stobrawa river. The research was carried out on 19,5 km of the river in six test points: from the cross-section of the planned Kluczbork storage reservoir (point St.1) to the river source (point St.6). The test was carried out between November 2006 and October 2007. In the tested samples following compounds were determined: NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, Ptot., BOD5, DO, TSS, water temperature, water reaction and elektro-lytic conductivity. Beside water quality tests, the hydrometric measurements were carried out. The paper also presents Stobrawa river quality valuation. The valua-tion of eutrophication of the Stobrawa river has been presented as well and it has been determined if the water is prone to nitrogen compounds pollution from agri-culture. The Stobrawa river catchment area has been valuated taking into consid-eration the flowing matter into the body water.The test has shown vast pollution of water flowing into the Kluczbork water body. Subsequently it may negatively influence the water quality in the body of water in terms of its future possible water retention. It has been shown that the familiarity of the profile of water quality indica-tors changeability is crucial while taking decision whether to build ...
The essential element of presented research is a description of the changes induced in the aquatic system as a result of human intervention by building barrage. The main objective of this study is to determine the differences in the quantity and condition of fish at the upper and lower station of the reservoir with regard to infected fish with Posthodiplostomum cuticola. Overall assessment of the species composition of fish at the upper and lower station of the reservoir in Brzeg Dolny allowed the quantitative analysis of fish in the Odra River. In the relevant section of the watercourse, the biggest fish of the carp family originated e.g. 89% of the total population. The study determines the overall health condition of fish at the lower and upper station. Particular attention was paid to changes in shell fish caused by vermines such as worm (Posthodiplostomum cuticola). Preliminary analysis, testing and a review of the literature data show the heterogeneous nature of the river ecosystem above and below grade on the Brzeg Dolny Reservoir. The barrage is an obstacle in the river which forms two separate living environments for fish, due to a significant difficulty in migrating between the upper and lower station, ...
Most of used mineral and organic sorbents are hazardous waste and, therefore, in accordance with actual law regulations must be converted thermally or deposited in the special landfill for hazardous waste. The optimal solution would be sorption materials that could be used repeatedly, without the need for costly and cumbersome lanfilling. Sorbents, which due to their properties could be used repeatedly, are MSW composts generated from mixed or only organic municipal waste. In this study we have investigated the rate of degradation of motor oil on MSW waste composts with microflora pre-adapted for use of oil products as source of carbon. Comparison of degradation efficiency, was calculated in comparison to the commercial sorbents. During the experiment the total amount of synthetic motor oil and individual n-alkanes with carbon chain length from C22 to C40. During the experiment, there were observed more intensive oil degradation processes on waste composts in comparison to commercial sorbents. Microflora which use n-alkanes as a carbon source, ensured quick (noted after the first month of the experiment), reduction of the amount of hydrocarbons contamination in the samples, and thus the possibility of re-use of compost as a sorbent. The observed rapid degradation process, indicates the direction ...
This study presents the analysis of basic properties of selected superabsor-bents. The main objective was to determine the real absorption level, which is cru-cial for the accurate selection of such dosage of superabsorbent that would result in expected increase in crops and would be cost efficient at the same time. The in-fluence of grain size distribution, type of superabsorbent, temperature and the presence of ions in the water on the volume of absorption and the course of the absorption processwere determined,. in order to supplement the information pro-vided by manufacturers and authors of scientific publications. Due to the wide range of applications of superabsorbents there are no accurate data on their properties for specific applications. For the analyzed Aquasorb superabsorbents (3005 KS, KM and KL) the best absorption results were achieved for medium grain sizes, not for small grain sizes as stated by the manufacturer, due to the formation of clumps that prevented small particles to heave quickly - some of the particles trapped inside such clumps could participate in the absorption process only to a limited extent. The tests conducted in demineralized water with superabsorbents of a similar grain size distribution but different chemical composition - Aquaterra and Aquasorb ...
Biała Lądecka (51,8 km) is the right-side tributary of Nysa Kłodzka, and these two rivers together with Bystrzyca, Bystrzyca Dusznicka and Jaszkówka create the main network of the part of catchment of Nysa Kłodzka located in the region of Ziemia Kłodzka. The river is supplied by mountain streams, which results in violent reactions to short-term, stormy rainfalls. The rain depth during the flood in 1997, from the 5th to the 8th of July, in the catchment of Biała Lądecka was 350 mm. When soil retention capacity is fully used, the water rise in this area lasts usually for a few hours from the moment of beginning of rainfall, and the rate of water flow is so high that the masses of flowing water often cause damages to the river valley. Due to the strong tendency to develop the valley of Biała Lądecka, the damages in this area are increasing. In recent years, over ten bankful flows and floods that occurred in the analyzed area have caused significant damage and changes in the river bed and valley - including permanent taking of land plots by flowing water.This study discusses the geodetic and legal aspects related to land plots taken by flowing ...
Quality of water in Reservoir II in Siemiatycze and its tributaries have been monitored before and after bathing season 2011. State of water quality appeared to be poor and insufficient to fit bathing and irrigation requirements. Two inflows: Kamianka River and Mahomet River are the important source of reservoir pollution (e.g. organics, total nitrogen, nitrates, total phosphorus). Kamianka River receives wastewater from municipal treatment plant and Mahomet River collects runoff from cultivated land. Biogens incoming with the inflows result in annually cyjanophyta bloom in the Reservoir II and depreciation its utilitarian value. At the actual state of wastewater management and agricultural practices in the catchment area, Reservoir II can be use only for retention or fire protection purpose. ...
The study presents the results of tests on the bottom sediments of the Do-bromierz Reservoir. The reservoir was put into operation in 1986; it is used as flood reservoir and drinkable water reservoir. It is located in the northern part of the catchment of Strzegomka river.In the bottom sediment samples the following substances were determined: nitrates, nitrites, ammonium nitrogen, organic nitrogen, phosphates, and phos-phorus. The authors also conducted microbiological analyses of the collected se-diments. Cultures of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were started. The sediments were analyzed with use of electron microscope. A series of photographs documenting the composition of the sediments were taken. The test results enable us to claim that the grain size distribution of the se-diments is equivalent to that of silty loam and silty clay loam. The mineralogical composition is dominated by silicates and aluminosilicates - bottom sediments of the Dobromierz reservoir can be classified to the silicate category. The process of denitrification takes place in the sediments. Significantly higher content of phos-phates was found in the bottom sediment than in the benthic waters. The difference in the content in benthic waters and in the sediments causes internal phosphorus loading. During the analyzed period, this process did ...
A summary of the work concerns the basic issues related to the composition process of bio-waste deposited on the municipal landfill. Study of the landfill gas composition obtained in the representative point was analyzed during the exploi-tation of the landfill in the years 2004 - 2008. During the study the quantity and the quality parameters of deposited waste, conditions of its exploitation and the time of deposition were under consideration. Particular attention was also paid to the 30 % share biodegradable waste and the development of aerobic processes during the operation of the landfill. The composition of the gas has demonstrated the domination of aerobic processes by an oxygen content within the limits of the 4,9 - 9,7 % over anaerobic processes in the downtrend content of methane to 2,3 % and 0 % carbon content. At the end of the article some conclusions concerning mainly an inadequate density of deposited waste which results in an easy oxygen access to the surface layers of the waste. ...
Despite the various categories of defining the life of water reservoirs, the notion life of reservoir most often relates the period of the operation to such silting degree that makes impossible the realization of the tasks of the reservoir. In this work it was show the change of the value of the silting degree and sediment trap efficiency of chosen reservoirs and was estimates the time after which small water reservoirs will be silted in 50%. This is the period, which by Pitt and Thomson [1984] is defined as HLT, i.e. half-life time. The following reservoirs were chosen to studies: Krempna on the Wisłoka river, Zesławice on the Dłubnia river and Cierpisz on the Tuszymka river. The elaborated silting forecast of the change of the silting degree, make by the Gončarov's method [Wiśniewski, Kutrowski 1973], made possible the qualifi-cation the HLT silting time of small water reservoirs. It was stated that the life of studied reservoirs carried out from 17 to 40 years. The differentiation of the HLT value results from the hydraulic conditions of the inflow and flow through the re-servoir of the water and sediment which one can characterize in the very general method using the sediment trap ...
The technical, technological and informatics development in geodesy caused that theoretical works having a practical significance of using cadastral maps in scale 1: 2880 were being taken up in contemporary geodetic-legal works. In particular it is regarding the computerization of the record map in the process of the modernization of the register of land and buildings. This work is recapitulating achievements to date in this field. Moreover it is presenting new approaches in the transformation and using cadastral maps in scale 1: 2880. ...
A site quality index is the main factor determining the tree stand growth dy-namics. Furthermore, in natural afforested stands (a felling-less forest system) it is possible to observed high variability of tree heights, especially during the first-years of their life. It mainly results from overshadowing the regenerated trees with the upper storey or dominant trees and the growth process is suppressed then. Col-lected empirical data show that even the long lasting period of growth in suppres-sion does not prevent such a stand from reaching a rapid growth ratio in the later age. The paper presents a method of estimating a forest site quality and a roughly approximated period of the slow growth in suppression. The algorithm was based on the tree stand growth model proposed by Suliński [2007], which takes into con-sideration only parameters with direct ecological interpretation. The postulated procedure was verified on empirical spruce stand growth benchmarks from expe-rimental sites in the Białowieża forest and Witów in the Western Tatras. ...
The study revealed that the role of women in leading agro-tourism services is significant. They are mainly responsible for handling tourists and spend the most time (an average of 7 hours during the holiday and the holiday season, and four hours in low season). Their role is, among others for preparing meals, taking care of cleanliness of common areas and to establish interpersonal relationships with people staying on holiday. Studies have shown that rural women use their abilities, talents and skills to build the agrotourism product. Their favorable age structure and education levels translate to put innovative ideas on the farm. The results of the analysis revealed the problems that women have to deal with when they start agrotourism (eg. lack of acceptance as to the activities undertaken in the part of husbands, parents and children). Sometimes the family or the employees women with the small work on the farm and organize leisure time for tourists. ...
Geosynthetics, materials that are broadly used in civil engineering and en-vironmental protection, have certain initial characteristics, which are obtained while testing new products. However, with time, these values change as a result of the influence of degrading factors. Getting to know the scope of these changes enables improving products or designing structures with the appropriate safety factor.Power industry in Poland uses mainly hard and brown coal in processes of energy generation. Fly ashes raised by the exhaust fumes and separated by elec-trofilters and ash-slag removed from furnace chamber are combustion by-products. Nowadays, the ash-slag mixtures are valuable anthropogenic soils, used for building embankments, where the geotextiles are also built in.The taken up research aimed at the determination of the influence of the ash-slag chemistry on the changes of chosen strength parameters of geotextiles. The main degrading agent in the period of the research, which could influence the structure and thus the strength of geotextiles, was pH of the ash-slag. The mixture was taken from the dumping ground of the Steelworks Arcelor Mittal Poland S.A. in Kraków, from several places of the holding pond of the surface of 15 ha, from depths 0.5 to 2.0 m. The carried out chemical tests ...
The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the effect of infiltration into a sewerage system during wet weather on the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in raw sewage flowing into the treatment plant and in treated sewage discharged into the receiver. The study was conducted in four se-lected sewerage systems located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The results showed that in each of the analyzed cases the concentration of to-tal nitrogen and total phosphorus in raw sewage was reduced by the infiltration into the sewerage system during wet weather. There was no adverse effect of infiltration on the concentration of total ni-trogen in treated sewage discharged into the receiver during wet weather. On the other hand, the research showed that when the share of infiltration in the daily flow increased by 10%, the concentration of total nitrogen was reduced by from 2.7 to 4.8%. The research demonstrated the adverse effect of infiltration on the concen-tration of total phosphorus in treated sewage in the case of objects with low hy-draulic capacity. Sewage flows, increased by infiltration water, caused the removal of activated sludge, containing phosphorus compounds, from bioreactor chambers and funnels of secondary settling tanks. However, ...
The rationalization logistic processes can be a mean to increase the compe-titiveness and efficiency of agribusiness enterprises. It results with adequate supply and distribution organization, including the proper quality of fresh raw materials and effective inventory management. The paper presents a practical application of network planning methods MPM-METRA, to improve and facilitate the logistics process in the agroprocessing industry. The possible aspects of the method application in enterprises and lists the main advantages and disadvantages were indicated. ...
The object of the research is interception container which is created by the surface of pine. Surface of trees is the greatest extent varies the potential intercep-tion altitude - the maximum possible amount of water that a tree can catch after a single rain.For precise ibterception studies in the lablratory conditions only to determinate the LAI coefficient was not enough. The aim of study was to determinate interception surface of tree based on digitized images of needles and branches using SigmaScan 5.0 Pro. Two methods were used to obtain images of needles - using scanner and a camera. The results and proposed methodology of measurement allowed to calculate the interception container of a single tree. ...
Streamflow drought is a period of continuing low flows in river. Depending on the time of year streamflow drought are caused by long-term shortage of preci-pitation or long-lasting temperatures below zero. Streamflow droughts are one of the current problems in the management of water, especially in the light seen in recent years, frequent occurrence of droughts. The goal of this work consists in analysis of long-term changes in selected characteristics of streamflow droughts (duration, deficit) in the Zagożdżonka river at the Płachty Stare gauging station. The Zagożdżonka catchment is situated in the strip of the Central Polish Lowlands, in the region where droughts are the most frequent. The Zagożdżonka small river catchment is one of a few in Poland with long-term records on rainfall and runoff. To identify droughts in daily discharge hydrograms, truncation levels SNQ and Q90% were used. The study did not show a tendency to pre-existing low flow periods in the catchment Zagożdżonka. Analysis of the statistical significance of trends in the course of aggregation of the individual years of deficits of droughts and duration of droughts in the Zagożdżonka river at the Płachty Stare showed a positive trend on the level of significance 0,1. In ...
