Zeszyt: 2012, vol. 9 / 01 / 2 (Jun 2012)
For some years rural areas in Poland have been undergoing significant structural, spatial and economic changes. Farm concentration is in progress [Hałasiewicz, 2011], the average area of farms has increased by more than ten percent and apart from traditional rural - urban migration also urban - rural mi-gration has appeared [GUS, 2011], which results or may result in spatial conflicts. This work describes the influence of the land consolidation process on mul-tifunctional and sustainable development of rural areas. It has been determined that multifunctional and sustainable development of rural areas requires complex consolidation works with respect to significant territories that will allow to expedite the development of agriculture, as well as of other functions of a given terrain. The research was conducted in Cegłów commune (gmina - first level of local self-government in Poland), miński poviat (powiat - second level of local self-government in Poland), mazowieckie voivodship (województwo - third level of local self-government in Poland). The results of the research indicate that multifunctional, sustainable development of rural areas, where land layout is inconvenient and disadvantageous, is not possible without land consolidation works. Without prior transformation of ownership structure it is difficult to properly shape the space that could enable ...
Legal status of a property disclosed in land and mortgage registers should, by definition, be consistent with the actual legal status. Unfortunately, the historical factors associated both with the foundation of the present land registry as well as the land and mortgage registry system, particularly in south-eastern Poland, often result in the absence of this conformity. Changing the real estate designation associated with the transition from cadastral parcels into record parcels during the establishment of records in the seventies of the twentieth century, and leaving, with essentially no change, designations in land registers have caused, and still continue to cause, a considerable confusion when setting land and mortgage register in its present form, or during regulation of the legal status of a property. Additionally, this process is made difficult by enfranchisement of a large part of the land under the 1971 Act on the regulation of farm ownership.The article presents the main legal and technical issues related to the prep-aration of synchronization lists, as the documents necessary to make entries in land and mortgage registers, or to regulate legal status of a property. The article introduces ways to solve these problems, at the same time indicating shortcomings of the current ...
The study presents a scenario of expansion of residential development in the Minsk poviat based on analysis of the local market characteristics of undeveloped land. A spatial analysis model was developed allowing for estimation of the number and value of market transactions in relation to selected location factors positively and negatively affecting (onerous neighbourhood) the value of real estate. Preferences for a given location factors were estimated on the basis of the developed graphic method presenting analysis results. Basing on the preference evaluations, significance of individual factors was determined. The resulting map illustrating the expected expansion of land development in the study area was prepared. The study area covered selected communes of the Mińsk poviat strongly affected by the local urban centre - Mińsk Mazowiecki and the central city - Warsaw, i.e.: Cegłów, Dębe Wielkie, Jakubów, Mińsk Mazowiecki, Siennica, and Stanisławów. In order to meet the objective of the study, the ArcGIS ESRI geographical information system was applied, along with data from the real estate price and value register, database of topographic objects, cadastre information included on the iGeoMap website, and the WMS Geoportal service. ...
Numerous investments of linear and spatial nature whose location relates to rural areas are being carried out at the present moment in Poland. The charac-teristic in our country defective spatial structure of agricultural farms in the areas of the realization of the investments being is disorganized much more. The studies of spatial development and the directions of the development of communes are the determinants of the trends which communes want to realize on their terrain and they result from the analyses of developmental possibilities and planning on the national level which relates to highways. It will be introduced in the study the in-fluence, what the building of the fragment of the highway made A-4 in the of Little Poland province on one from list grounds from the commune of Głogów Malopolska. The directions of the changes of the use of the land were also intro-duced so that the realization of infrastructural land consolidation shoud allow to improve the disorganized deployment of parcels on agricultural farms the realiza-tion of the idea of the multifunction development of village. The necessity of the solutions to the project of infrastructural land consolidation was also touched upon in a wider aspect than only the improvement ...
The surveys of architectural objects are performed in a variety of meas-urement techniques. Among them photogrammetric methods based on high-quality images taken with digital non-metric cameras and used for years metric cameras are very important in recent years. The paper presents the application of Canon EOS 400D camera and camcorder UMK 10 to survey completely different architectural objects. They are the modern building at the University of Agriculture in Krakow belonging to the Geodesy and Cartography Faculty and the both historic and destroyed buildings belonging to the grange unit in Mściwojów complex, in Lower Silesia. To produce architectural vector drawings, digital photogrammetric stations Delta and DEPHOS were used, as well as a digital autograph VSD. ...
The launching of ASG-EUPOS system in Poland in May 2008 resulted in a significant increase in the use of satellite real-time measurements in surveying. The parameters provided by the GPS/GNSS receiver in the scope of quality of the determined position are mostly unreliable. Moreover, the concepts of precision and accuracy are frequently not distinguished in their meaning and used as synonyms. The paper presents the results of the analysis of precision and accuracy in determining position in Real Time Network measurements using NAWGEO service of ASG-EUPOS system. An important aspect of the applied testing technology was the design of test point location and the use of accurate ground-based measurements for quality control of the reference coordinates of test points, which were calculated from the GPS static measurements. The conclusions from the tests were based on 4475 RTN measurements carried out in 149 test runs on 27 test points. Based on the results of the test measurements, high precision of the determined positions of the points in the RTN measurements was identified. However, their accuracy was significantly lower, particularly for the determined heights of the points. Tendencies were observed to obtain solutions with a few-centimeter biases that limit the possibility ...
There is equipment - agricultural work in Poland. This paper presents the development of rural areas in the aspect of integrating work in EU countries and Poland. Polish works were discussed on the example of Padew Narodowa village. The paper presents the effects of consolidation and post-integration development. It shows synthetic project solutions for Padew Narodowa rural area and compares them with solutions used in the EU. ...
In recent years there has been a significant increase in engagement in the works associated with the development and modernization of communication in-frastructure in Poland. In the case of road transport, automation of the construction process is increasingly being used to handle the investment. Construction ma-chinery control systems, which generally restrict the participation of a surveyor in the works on the building site, are commonly being used.The paper characterizes the types of construction machine control systems, the types of sensors which are used, and their application related to the machines on which they are mounted. Technological aspects of surveying services for road investments based on satellite surveys have been presented here: static developed in post-processing, Real Time Kinematic GPS and the currently most popular Real Time Network.The achievable accuracy and reliability of the determined position decides about the scope of use of satellite surveys in the construction machine control sys-tems. Taking into consideration the movement of a construction machine, the analysis of the latency influence of the machine body position determined from the satellite surveys in real time on the accuracy of the conducted construction works, gains special importance. These issues have been comprised in the paper. ...
In the paper the tests of landscape valuation with regard to its measurable value was performed. The usefulness of landscape valuation was examined in the process of real estate appraisal. The kinds of landscapes which occurre in the Klucze commune were de-scribed. Main types and detailed ones were obtained for the agricultural landscape as well as for the settling one. Next, the succesive stages of determination of theoretical value of landscape were presented using Coefficients of Terrain Rele-vance. To determine them the set of features characterizing the spatial structure of village was used. The features were divided in the relation to the structures of the land use, of agricultural use, of rural settling as well as conditions of natural en-vironment. Three groups of Coefficients of Terrain Relevance representing agri-cultural activity, non-agricultural as well as recreational were obtained. To show the usefulness of the Coefficients of Terrain Relevance and to show they practical use, the test of comparison of their values with the base of market prices of real es-tate occurring in commune Klucze was performed. The analysis of results was il-lustrated in cartographical form, taking into account the connection of the Coeffi-cients of Terrain Relevance with prices of both land ...
The paper presents results of test measurements conducted with the use of a manual receiver of GPS (Global Positioning System) signals adjusted to the reception of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) cor-rection signal which is theoretically to cover Europe and southern part of Africa with its range. However, it is known that Central and Eastern Europe lies on the border of EGNOS range and some parts of Poland have limited access to signals from this system. Test measurements were conducted on selected stationary points with the use of the receiver produced by Garmin GPSMAP 62s, equipped with MAZO GPS active outdoor aerial. During the measurements, spatial coordinates, their reliability, number of satellites received, time of measurement, accessibility of EGNOS signals were registered. Results of the conducted tests indicate broad possibilities of using manual receivers in measurements mainly for the needs of spatial measurement systems but not only. Yet the reliability of results depends on many factors and on keeping a specific measurement regime. ...
The paper presents application written in Visual Basic language extended for MicroStation. The application enables the user output of numbers and co-ordinates of points designed on digital map to a text file. The main advantage of the application is its simplicity, because output of data is performed after the point was pointed by the mouse cursor, and after the left mouse button was pressed. Name and location of the target text file, the user determines at will. The text file enables preparation of data for setting out points of the project. ...
Occurrence of plot patchwork is one of significant factors having a negative influence on the organization and level of agricultural production. Those plots are located within the area of a village where their owners live but they can be also found beyond it. Grounds located in the external plot patchwork are in the pos-session of villagers as well as of commune and town dwellers. Inhabitants of ad-ministrative, service, industrial or cultural and educational centres are mainly legal heirs of parents who lived in the country or emigrated to cities. However, it is necessary to mention non-resident owners who have bought building lots in the country due to attractive location and prices. Research conducted so far allowed to specify the influence of cultural and administrative as well as industrial and service centers on the size of plots in external patchwork. Research was carried out in 44 villages of Brzozów district located in Podkarpackie voivodship. ...
The paper presents the course of preparation of the Digital Surface Model. It contains a description of the performing of the individual stages on the digital photogrammetric station Delta, including orientations and stereodigitalization and visualization using Microstation and Surfer programs. In addition, the paper shows how to apply the Model for purposes of local planning and in particular how to illustrate the Local Plan of Spatial Development on the DSM. In the paper there are additional informations about methods and procedures of acquisition of terrain details andthe use of them as well as general knowledge of spatial planning. The characteristics of the research area has been enriched with the conclusions from analysis of the DSM. ...
This paper presents a simplified method of assessing the impact of a motorway under construction on arable lands. The method developed makes it possible to determine all the losses resulting from and connected with the indicated problems of the motor-way impact. A basis for the determination of losses studied is the analysis of variations in land use, soil quality classes, and in the layout of agricultural roads along the axis of the designed motorway. It is assumed a measure of the multilateral impact of motorway on arable lands; this measure is a specific variant of lands value. The specificity of this value variant lies in the fact that while determining it, only the variation in the usefulness to agricultural production is assessed. Therefore, it is a measure to valuate arable land usefulness in the agricultural production. Thus, this assumed measure of the motorway impact is not a market value. The estimated land value will be close to its market value only in typical agricultural regions where the key parameter to mould the land price is production potential of such lands. The presented method of assessing the motorway impact on arable land is exemplified by a section of ‘A-4' motorway; this ...
This paper refers to the principles of determining the methods of accessing farm plots from farm roads. It is a must to ensure access to each farm plot, and, therefore, there are exclusively two options when planning access roads to plots. Between two neighbouring farm roads, one or two rows of plots can be situated; this situation is described as a one sided or two-sided access. In the paper, it was proved that in the case of short plots of up to ca. 150 m of length, regardless of the plot area, a one-sided access should be planned. As for farm land with arrange-ments comprising longer plots, when planning access roads, a two-sided access to them should be planned. The access planning principles as described in the paper are recommended for the application when correcting farm road networks without any change in the spatial arrangement of plots. ...
This paper presents selected geometric characteristics of 3rd class horizon-tal geodetic networks, calculated on the basis of data from 56 counties, and its statistical analysis in relation to the G-1Technical Instructions. The authors also uses the correlation analysis and method of graphs as a tool to determine the degree of linkage between each features. Derived parameters of the average object can be used to create regular models for testing various geodetic aspects ...
Floods bring about great destruction, death and property loss. For many years, there has been a search for efficient methods to prevent this type of disaster as well as to reduce the tragic effects they cause. An important step in this matter was the Floods Directive passed by the European Parliament and the Council in October 2007. In Poland, one of many efforts towards preventing the effects of floods was the Act on Specific Principles Concerning Preparation of Implementation of Flood Protection Projects passed in July 2010. Such projects include, e.g. bypass channels, flood protection polders, impounding reservoirs and flood banks. Acquisition of properties in connection to project implementation can proceed pursuant to the Act, e.g. by land consolidation proceedings. This paper presents a theoretical concept of a flood control study for the purpose of land consolidation works, indicating the main sources of spatial and descriptive data necessary for preparation of this type of study. They include, e.g. the results of studies and analyses concerning ...
The current state of rural area development results from agricultural activity carried out in specific natural, economical and political conditions. Supporting the development of rural areas with EU funds encourages farmers to take a broader interest in undertaking activities aiming at improvement of spatial conditions in which their farms function. The spatial structure of rural areas is to be developed within the so-called "rural surveying" projects, with land consolidation as a top priority. The proper performance of these projects is based on updated, reliable and easily available information about the current state con-cerning soil conditions, the lay of the land, water conditions as well as the owner-ship and usufruct structure. The knowledge of agricultural land and its quality, expressed mainly by the soil quality class, is of fundamental importance in the land management process. ...
This paper shows contents of analyses regarding the adjustment of the classic 3rd class horizontal geodetic network integrated with GNSS measurements in the ASG-EUPOS system. The tests were carried out on two regular theoretical models with similar parameters of reference points density and the network side length, but with different geometric structures in terms of shape and travers length. ...
The construction and development of the transportation network is decisive for the economic development of a given country. Despite successive investments in this range, there are still not enough favourable solutions to the road network and international links in Poland, which is a serious economic barrier. Apart from financial resources necessary for the extension of the transportation network, also legislative changes aimed at improving the process of obtaining lands for this purpose, obtaining investment decisions and determining the legitimate compensa-tion for lands taken over for public roads are necessary. In recent years, we have observed considerable changes in the Polish law which are supposed to bring the partial execution of the above theses. These changes mainly relate to the simplifi-cation of the procedures of obtaining lands, in this way having a significant influ-ence on the shortening of the investment process. In this thesis, attention is paid to the necessity to elaborate the procedures of determining the value of compensation which, apart from the market value of the property, should include additional costs to be incurred by the owner to acquire a new property. Furthermore, the lost benefits from the properties used for the purpose of business activity, which are not ...
