Zeszyt: 2010, vol. 7 / 08 / 2
The article presents the results of an investigation concerning the influence of a preliminary sedimentation pond with a biological filter on value changes of chosen physicochemical water parameters in the Wierzbiak River, which feeds a water reservoir in Mściwojów.A preliminary sedimentation pond with biological filter is part of a pre-liminary pond. It consists of three chambers of different depth, where the central one is planted with reed (Phragmites australis) and functions as a biological filter, where the processes of water purification take place.The investigation was conducted between June and October 2008. In the samples of water collected every second week, concentration of nitrates and phos-phates was marked. Directly, in the testing ground, the temperature, conductivity and pH were measured. In the samples of bottoms and reed, concentration of ni-trogen, phosphorus and dry matter were marked. The results of the investigation suggest a significant decrease of nitrates concentration and an increase of temperature in water flowing out the sedimenta-tion pond. In the majority of cases a reduction of phosphates concentration in the sedimentation pond was noticed. The water flow through the pond does not influ-ence pH value.
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Hydromorphological valorization according to Water Framework Directive is an element of support biological evaluation of surface water's ecological state. Ecological state of rivers is connected with number and diversity of species that live in them. Biodiversity of aqueous environment is depended on changes occurring in the river environment characteristics what is mostly connected with riverbeds conversions. In this article present the results of hydromorphological valorization of section of The Bystrzyca River below Mietkowskie Lake together with its old bed. Artificially built drop channel that carries away water from the reservoir (1,4 km), old riverbed (2,2 km) which had conducted water before the dam was built and the section of river that was created by the connection of new section with The Bystrzyca old riverbed were analysed (1,4 km). The analyzed a total of 25 sections of river, 200 meters each. The naturalness degree of individual sections was evaluated on the basis of Ilnicki and Lewandowski methodology. Ecological evaluation criteria have taken into consideration riverbed morphology, river hydrology, water quality, tree cover, aquatic and banks vegetation, riparian zone and the valley land management. From conducted research follows that with increasing the distance from the reservoir the naturalness category of The Bystrzyca ...
The authors performed the preliminary analysis of the silting conditions of the reservoir Otmuchów. The specific of this reservoir is it's geographic localiza-tion in catchment and hydrotechnic functions. The reservoir Otmuchów-Nysa cascade is localized in the middle sector of the Nysa Kłodzka river in south-west, upland region of the Opole District. The main characteristic of the amount of se-diments settled in the reservoir, the physical sediment properties for different re-servoir zones are presented. The authors have also analyzed the silting conditions in this reservoir, and the changes of the reservoir capacit.
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Apart from basic model test of hydro technical structures, more often in hy-draulic laboratories experimental works are conducted devoted to the recognition of water flow conditions through various environmental water structures. This kind of research concerns chosen situations accompanying water flow in blurred alluvial troughs, covered with flora, taking fish movement into consideration, on permeable stone constructions, prototype devices, aerators or swirl chambers. From such research we gain fast, often pulsating pressure changes and accompanying them pulsating of flow velocities. They require usage of modern techniques and measuring devices, that utilise high frequency electromagnetic and acoustic impulses. They are also used in field studies as a source of signals for the systems supporting objects' exploitation activities. The majority of national institutes have hydraulic laboratories well-equipped with similar category measuring devices. These are often the same models of meters. It is thus necessary to establish coherent research and result interpretation standards. In the article the meters of water flow velocity used in SGGW Hydraulic Laboratory are described. The principles of these devices' configuration are presented as well as their connection to computer research system of the laboratory. Configuration of measuring apparatus depends on the kind and value of collected data, their ...
The thesis is concerned with a small reservoir Komorów situated on Mi-likówka Brook in dolnośląskie voivodship. The main function of the reservoir is water retencion for agriculture purposes and recreation. The paper includes the results from the study of the quality of water flowing into the reservoir, water re-tentioned there, and flowing out of the reservoir. The study was conducted between March and October 2009. Following water quality indicators were taken into consideration: nitrates, phosphates, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrolitical conductivity, reaction and water transparency. Evaluation of water quality according to the valid Regulation of Minister for the Environment regarding the means of uniform waters status classification and evaluation of waters eu-tophication was described in the thesis. Moreover, it was verified whether waters taken into scrutiny are vulnerable to nitrogen compounds pollution coming from the agricultural sources. The usability of water reservoir was estimated by com-parision of the water indicators with the limit values characterizing water suitable for swimming.The study revealed that waters flowing into the Komorów reservoir, due to the nitrate values exeeds limit values for 1st class waters. Water temperature, dis-solved oxygen, electrolitical conductivity and reaction values classify it as 1st class waters. Waters flowing out of ...
The paper presents the results of ecomorphological valorization of the left-bank tributary of the Oder River - the Oława River situated on Wrocław area in the sections from 01+400 to 04+800, between the Rakowiecki Bridge and the water-bearing areas of the city. The areas along the Oława River belong to the eco-logically valuable thanks to it biodiversity. However, their extraordinary landscape make them the subject of cultivation plans in the valley. The studied river segment was divided into 17 sections 200 m each, where hydromorphological valorization was carried out by the use of Ilnicki and Lewandowski method. The aim of the paper was the assessment of the ecological potential of river valley on the urbanized area and possibilities of maintaining natural environment in possible best condition despite of environmental hazard.
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The aim of this paper was assessment of flood risk in the catchment of the Mała Wełna River on the reach from Gorzuchowskie lake to Kiszkowo weir No 1 (Brudzewko). The annual maximum discharges with given probability of exceedance 10%, 1% i 0,2% were calculated on the basis of data obtain from the Polish hydrological year-books: 1965-1975 and 1978-1983, and own data for the period 2000-2009. The maximum annual discharges were calculated on Institute accord-ing to the Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) method, where the distri-bution of probability of exceedance of the annual maximum floods is calculated as the probability of alternative of two non-eliminated independent events. The max-imum annual discharges with given probability were inputted to RUBiKoN hy-draulic model, which allow to calculated localization of points of the highest water level on the cross-section of Mała Wełna river channel. Digital elevation model of the river valley were performed on the basis of topographic maps in the scale 1:10 000 with use of ArcGIS program with Spatial and 3D extension. Water levels in cross-sections and digital elevation model allow to establish the area where the flood risk probability is low (one on 500 years), medium (one on 100 years) and ...
Meteorological drought can be described with the use of precipitation. The index, in aid of which different kinds of meteorological drought are classified, is the standardized precipitation index (SPI). In this study, the authors classify and characterize the droughts in the IV-IX period of the years 1964-2006 in Wrocław-Swojec.
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The worldwide production of waste tires (so called "end of life tires" - ELT) grows every year. The same situation is in the Czech Republic and in the countries of the European Union, but also in the world. Every year about 3.4 million tonnes of used tyres (part worn + end of life tyres) are generated in Europe, of which 3 million tonnes are either recycled or recovered. This amounts to approximately 300 million units. The composition and energy characteristics of tires are a signif-icant source of material, energy and also raw material. Calorific value tires ranges from approximately 25 to approximately 32 MJ • kg-1. The calorific value is comparable with conventional fossil fuels, which is due to the high proportion of hydrocarbons (over 75%). For these reasons, an alternative tire conventional fuels. The aim of the research is focused on the second part of product life cycle - the tire at the end of lifetime. The main possibilities of utilization of used up tires after end of their life are as follows: retreading, recycling (production of granulate), energy and material utilization in a cement factory, pyrolysis (production of pyrolytic products) and formerly used waste storing. Another objective of ...
An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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Czech Republic, as a member of the EU in accordance with Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill must reduce the amount of biodegradable waste sent for landfill. One of the conditions of use of the landfill are the provisions relating to biodegradable waste: part of municipal waste biologically degradable placed on the landfill must be gradually reduced in accordance with the schedule of waste management plans of the Czech Republic, namely: to reduce by 2010 to 75% by 2013 to 50% and up to 2020 to 35% of the total (by weight) of biodegradable mu-nicipal waste produced in 1995. Their production depends on the type of buildings. For the purposes of research were carried out in Blansko study (survey), on the composition of waste from households. ...
Biological filter, as one of the best available technology (BAT) is an effective way to purify the air, but the efficiency of purification of fragrances is not 100% (as odorless). The aim of the study was an evaluation of effective method of treatment and the development of technology, cleaning the air leaving the biological filter, used for the elimination of odoriferous substances from the rendering process.
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An analysis of sorted biodegradable municipal waste composition was car-ried out. By repeated measurements of samples weighing more than 200 kg (the total amount of analyzed waste was 2098 kg) it was found that the undesirable impurities rate of sorted waste varies from 1 to 9% of weight (from 1 to 11.5% of volume). It is operationally difficult to separate biodegradable matter from non-biodegradable materials. If the quality of waste sorting does not increase, there will be possible just landfilling of sorted waste. It is consider on Biopas company workers whether it is possible and appropriate the energy utilization of sorted waste.
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Presence in leachate waters very broad range of contaminants (both organic and mineral), causes, that the assessment of leachate composition is limited to indicators chosen by the researcher or imposed by regulations specifying the scope of monitoring. Comparing different objects can be facilitated by the Leachate Pollution Index (the LPI), which is calculated based on parameters, which have been acknowledged to have potentially the biggest impact on environment.The paper presents a method of determining the value of the LPI, also in the case where the results of some of the required physiochemical analyses are missing. On the basis of the information available in literature as well as the author's own research values obtained for selected national landfills have been compared. Using Maślice municipal landfill site in Wrocław as a case study, changes in the level of the LPI linked with age and changing ways of using the landfill site have been analyzed.The range of values of the indicator calculated for national landfill sites revealed extensive variation, however not diverging significantly from their Euro-pean counterparts. In all of the cases the leachate waters were characterizing high levels of chemical demand for oxygen (COD(Cr)), concentrations of ammonia ni-trogen and to some extent ...
In this article the results of analysis of selected water contaminants (nitrate nitrogen, chlorides, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium) in groundwater samples taken in spring and autumn of year 2006 from six piezometers located in the municipal waste dumping ground in Wojczyce area (completing the former monitoring), were presented.Groundwater flowing to the municipal waste dumping ground in Wojczyce was characterized by the good quality. In groundwater flowing out behind the dumping ground an increase of analysed pollutants' concentration was observed, however only in some of the piezometers it caused essential deterioration of groundwater quality.
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Sewage farm belongs to one of the oldest technologies used for wastewater treatment. Many years of sewage farm exploitation causes an important change in the chemical composition of the soil profile. The most hazardous is decomposition of sulphides of heavy metals in soil.Discontinuance of sewage farm exploitation leads to change in aerobic conditions. Organic soil aeration leads to mobilization of biochemical oxidation of organic master, ammonia nitrogen and sulphides. This can result In rapie aci-dification of the soil environment. This paper presents original results of studies carried out in the laboratory on the effects of dynamic changes in organic soil pH planted with rushes, taken from sewage farm in Wrocław It has been show that in extreme cases soil pH could be lowered after a few months after cessation of se-wage farm of up to 3,5 pH
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