Zeszyt: 2010, vol. 7 / 08 / 1
The paper present the detailed assessment of water retention possibility in the lakes situated in the Struga Dormowska River. These activities were important to increase satisfy water needs warranty of fish ponds. Struga Dormowska is the third rank river, the left tributary of the Warta River. The area of the catchment amounts 57.2 km2. The catchment has an agricul-ture-forest character and high lake density. Struga Dormowska flow through twelve lakes, which have an area of 240 ha. The area of each lake range from 2 to 79.6 ha. The catchment has a very small water resources. Specific runoff of the catchment equals about 2 dm3.s-1.km-2, and runoff coefficient about 0.1. The researches reveal that increase of lakes water retention allows to obtain high amount of disposal water, that allows to increase water needs of the fish ponds warranty satisfy located in the middle and lower part of the river. The estimation was based on amplitudes of water level in the lakes, elevation-storage curves and inventory of hydraulic structures along the river. Damming of the water in the seven lakes from 0.2 to 0.3 m in natural water level oscillations allows to gain about 0.4 mln m3 water in the usable ...
The paper presents results of calibration and verification of one-dimension numerical model of the Wislok River from Besko reservoir to the estuary to the San River. In order to evaluate the quality of this model following coefficient were used: the correlation coefficient, special correlation coefficient, total square error and errors of culmination level, culmination flow, culmination dislocation and flood wave volume. Observations of water levels in the Wislok River are conducted on 5 river gauges. An 5 another gauges are located on the tributaries of the Wisłok River. The ve-rification and calibration process carried out on the waves in 1987 and 1998 al-lowed to confirm the correctness of the hydraulic model in the sector from the river gauge Besko to the Rzeszow river gauge. Between Rzeszow and Tryncza river gauges volumes of waves are not balanced which enforces the admittance in the hydrological model of negative values of a lateral inflow. The volume of 1987 flood wave in the node of the three river gauges in Wislok-San system indicates that the wave is balanced on the Tryncza stream gauge.The performed simulations of the flood wave transformation on the whole Wislok River for different computable scenarios, with usage of hydro-informatic software - ...
1-dimensional models, e.g. HEC-RAS, MIKE 11 are used to calculate water surface elevation concerning probable discharges for flood hazard areas designa-tion. Hydro-informatic software programs HEC-RAS and MIKE 11 are used for modeling of water discharge in the river bed and in the river valley, with engineer-ing objects of complicated structure (bridges, culverts, weirs etc.). The following stages of modeling may be distinguished: schematisation of water network, geodetic measurements of the river bed and engineering buildings, identification of roughness coefficients, hydrological calculations of discharges in selected profiles of the modelled watercourse considering the boundary conditions, numeric calcu-lations with calibration and verification of the model as well as visualisation of the calculations' results. The paper presents the results of modeling of a sector of The Lubcza River in the Wislok basin having length equal 8,7 km (uncontrolled basin), in which 17 bridges and 12 weirs are located. The elevations of the water surface for di-scharges of the defined probability of exceedances and the Digital Model of the Water Surface (DMWS) are the basis for the analyses and comparison of the obta-ined results. Flood hazard areas occur on the intersection of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and DMWS. The knowledge of water ...
The article contains problems of impact of geothermal water chemical composition on technical devices of heating plant in Pyrzyce, and therefore the costs of its operation. The paper presents geothermal water resources in Poland and characteristics of water deposit in Pyrzyce.On the basis of the water chemical composition research and exploitation documentation an evaluation of influence on heating plant has been made. Based on the analysis, very high water mineralization of 115,00 g/dm3 has been found. It has caused pipes corrosion and silting-up holes despite the use of technical solutions for the construction of installations. In result, the increase of provided exploitation and energy costs has been observed.
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The small retention program for the Lower Silesian Voivodeship anticipates among others the construction of a retention reservoir in Maleszów on Mała Ślęza river with the total volume of 5,60 mln m3. The length of designed dam will amount to 338 m with the maximum height of H=11,11 m.The geotechnical documentation, made for drawing up the conception of the dam, shows that the top layer of the ground up to about 3,0 m depth is made of loess alike heavy loam in soft state (IL = 0,40), which overlay heavy loam in firm state (IL = 0,17). Based on these findings authors of the geotechnical documentation have come to the conclusion that founding of the dam on the Quaternary loess alike deposits is not recommended.From the research presented in the geotechnical documentation worked out by the authors of this paper, it appears that Holocene loamy aggradate mud con-taining organic mater (Iom= 5÷10 %) are deposited on the bottom of the valley. Maximum thickness of these deposits is 9,0 meters. The calculation of dam stability with the Fellenius and Bishop's method have been made using author's computer program. The results of slope stability and deformation calculations indicate that the dam foundation ...
The degradation of the Odra river bed is observed mainly below each last barrage of the channelized river sector Koźle - Wrocław. The mean river bed level is decreasing of some 4-8 cm yearly, causing the corresponding drop so of water surface in the river as of the ground water level in the valley. This degradation causes great problems so for navigation, as for agriculture and environment. The construction of successives last barrages Wrocław (1897), Rędzin (1922) and Brzeg Dolny (1958) had only a temporary effect. Below each of these barrages the river bed erosion continued, concerning a river reach of some 50-60 km. In 1994 Parzonka has proposed the conception of the "feeding" of the Odra just below the new barrage Malczyce (km 300,0), entering in action probably in 2012. The ad-ministration has decided in 2008, that this barrage can enter in work only after the accomplishment of important restoration works, taking in account the needs of environment, of navigation and agriculture and of the human population. The programme of restoration works provides two steps:- Step I: the elevation of the Odra bed level on the sector Malczyce-Ścinawa (km 300 - km 335) minimum by the half on the eroded ...
Specific groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides depends on natural conditions in agricultural catchment (climatic, hydrologic and soils) as well as pesticide properties, such as sorption coefficient by organic carbon and pesticide persistence in the soil environment. The most comprehensive method of presenting the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is its mapping and further analysis of maps. Maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides have been produced in GIS environment using Attenuation Factor (AF) approach, evaluated by Rao et al. in 1985. For the area of Ciesielska Woda agricultural catchment 25 maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by pesticides have been produced, for various combinations of Koc and t1/2 (table 2, figures 1 and 2). Analysis of the maps clearly identified these pesticides, which are the most dangerous for groundwater quality in particular natural conditions within the catchment area (figure 3)
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This paper aims to improve the reliability of the determination of flow resistance and hydraulic effects of vegetation. For this reason, laboratory flume studies with living vegetation were employed. The most notable finding was that, when compared to leafless conditions, the presence of leaves increased the friction factor up. This was strongly dependent on the flow velocity. The work shows the results of studies conducted in water laboratory the Department of Hydraulic En-gineering the Poznan University of Life Sciences and Institute of Environmental Engineering Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Subject of research done on hydraulic was to assess the direct natural vegetation under the influence of water flow. To analyze this phenomenon adopted the model of water resistance movement on vegetation. To designate determined resistance forces in-cluding vegetation structure and flow by above it.
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The aim of presented research was evaluation of hydrodynamic conditions changes on the regulated sector of the Smolnik stream. The measurements were carried out in 2008 and 2009. Each series of this study included measurements of the longitudinal profile, cross-sections of channel and the bed material granulation. Results of these works were used to calculate the hydrodynamic quantities as mean velocity, stream power, shear stresses and bedload transport (by the Bagnold equation). It was possible to ascertain that the control works came to expectation and bank erosion was stopped. Locally an intensification of bed erosion had place. An analysis of the longitudinal profiles and course of grain-size composition of the bed material changes proved, that 2 years after control works realization tendency to return to early hydraulic conditions was appeared.
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Zelazny Most tailings pond is one of the biggest objects of such type in the world. Due to the present height of the dams constructed from post flotation mate-rials as well as location of the pond, „Żelazny Most" is a challenging task for en-gineers. Dam design is based on observational method, which is an active design method accounting for current observations. Therefore careful monitoring of the tailings pond is required that includes both visual inspections and instrumentation aimed at analyses of vast amount of different data. Monitoring of dam operation (i.e. seepage, deformations, pore pressure, seismicity, some ecological parameters like groundwater salinity and more). Data collected from monitoring equipment and visual inspections are used for everyday technical state and safety assessment of the dams as well as for designing process. „Żelazny Most" tailings pond is an example of hydrotechnical object where monitoring results are on the current basis used for design, construction and development.
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The construction process begins with the formulation of an idea for the project and finishes with the final commissioning. This consists of many stages, the most important of which is the construction of the buildings for the facility. This results from the specific features of the construction project, such as its long duration, its uniqueness, the seasonality of the work, dependence on weather con-ditions, and the necessity of interfering with the environment. There are many more factors, and when we consider the construction of a treatment works plus the sewerage system itself, we must also take into account any special requirements connected with their function in the local water and sewage management system. All these factors generate the risk exposure. Such risks should be included in the initial project-costing, schedule planning, and establishing the duration of the work. Events which can occur during the building of the sewage treatment works and the sewerage system have been detailed in this paper. Such events can lead to cost overruns and the prolonging of the construction phase. The method known as expert interview was used to establish whether the pre-prepared list contained the most important sources of risk. The specialists, all with long ...
In the paper the results of investigations and measurements are presented, carried out for the aim of technical state assessment and safety of fall stage Krępa on the Odra river. Range and methodology of works for fall stages of low head as-sessment are described, elaborated in the Institute of Geotechnics and Hydrotech-nics of Wrocław University of Technology. Problems analyzed during measure-ments and investigations carried out on the studied barrage are discussed. The final conclusion concerns the safety state assessment of investigated object. In the recapitulation a necessity of research for technical state assessment of hydro-engineering structures is emphasized, being of great importance not only for the safety of investigated object but also for areas situated downstream.
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In the paper a proposal of water damming use in 10+100 km of the Biała Lądecka river course is presented. Considering a compelling requirement that till 2015 in UE member's country 15 % of total energy should come from renewable sources, the real example of one of accessible sources is shown - water power engineering, hence every available damming up should improve to a certain degree an existing in Poland unfavourable share of renewable sources in balance of produced electric energy. For water damming in km 10 + 100 it was indicated a possibility to obtain a 100 kW of installed power and also a possibility of water damming rise of about 0,50 m with increasing installed power to 125 kW. Water intake and water supply to hydro-electric power station using short approach flume is described. The attention is paid to an influence of existing damming up on important in Kotlina Kłodzka aspects of flood protection, need of requirements fulfilment of environmental protection are emphasized, in this an assurance of fishes free migration through fall-stage.
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Vegetation growing in the River Bed is strongly influencing flowing condi-tion. Effective flow section is reduced, velocity field is disturbed and flow resistance is increased. Its consequence is change of water level and depth in comparison with flow in river bed without vegetation.Equations of momentum conservation in river bed with trees based on a concept of whirly viscosity proposed by Rowiński and Kubrak [2002] are one of mathematical description of vegetation hydraulic influence. Above equations were solved using implicit and explicit differential scheme to determine flow velocities distribution in vertical profile. Accuracy of proposed algorithms was tested by comparing numerical solutions with detailed analytical solution obtaining very good conformity. Velocity distribution calculated on the base of the model was used to determine volume of the flow. To evaluate possibilities of using developed model for calculation concern-ing small rivers with vegetation, some filed investigation on one section of Ślęganina river were carried out. Despite of geodetic measurements, some profiles of local flow velocities for vegetated and free of plants sections were made. Field measurements results were used for verification of mathematical model based on equations of momentum conservation.
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In the paper a problem of realization of environmental impact assessment of reclamation that consist in removal of wet disposal site of thermoelectric power station Czechnica in Siechnice, is undertaken. An attention is paid on the aim of disposal site removal, which is located in the vicinity of Wrocław water-bearing grounds and also in the vicinity of Nature 2000 area. On the basis of worked out in 2009 in the Institute of Geotechnics and Hydrotechnics of Wrocław University of Technology a conception of removal of this object, the constructional solutions and disposal site exploitation principles, conditioning a maintenance the continuity of electric and heat energy production are described. Natural environment state and possible threats during realization of this project are given. Requirement of individual treatment of this type of constructional object is emphasized, considering that during removal there are possibilities of different influence on surroundings in which object has been earlier operated.
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The main goal of the presented research was to determine the morphological changes in the "regulated" section of the Czarna Nida River caused by four freshets. The surveying measurements of twelve cross-sections, bed material composition and stream velocity were carried out. The changes of the hydrodynamic conditions, having a decisive impact on the intensity of transported material, bank erosion and thus on the channel shape were estimated. The volume of material accumulated within the channel and flood plains and derived from bank erosion was estimated. The Ackers and White- equation was used to calculate the volume of transported material. It was found that the greatest impact on the river channel transformation has the deposition of material.
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The Nysa Łużycka River is a relatively poor river in terms of water re-sources which results in strong anthropoperssion. A characteristic phenomenon is a continuous discharge changeability in the river longitudinal profile. Brown coal mining and accompanying them investments, Polish and German mines as well as power plants have a major influence on The Nysa Łużycka river basin. Post-mining working closed in 1997 after German Bezdorf Mine is under rehabilitation by flooding waters of the Nysa Łużycka River and its left tributary, namely The Pliessnitz. The calculation of water resources balance allows to establish such conditions of water intake which represent a compromise between the need to flood the working and the effects of water abstraction on the environment and users located below. It is necessary not only to ensure an ecologically reasonable inviolable discharge but also maintain the minimal discharges guaranteed for 19 Polish and German water power plants. Working resulting from the flooding of the Berzdorf Lake is the main user of surface water in the Nysa Łużycka river basin. The reservoir is situated between the cities of Tauchritz and Klein Neudorf, west of the left bank of the river, about 10 kilometers above Zgorzelec watergauge. The installation ...
The paper presents measurements of wind speed recorded at 6, 12, 18 UTC at the automatic meteorological stations Maws 101- Vaisala on the area of tailing pond "Żelazny Most" in the period 2003-2009. Measurments were on four stations placed on different location versus the tailing pond. Low coefficient friction on the tailing pond surface (about 600 ha) and ele-vation on the height about 60 m over the natural terrain affect the increase of wind speed. Important factors are: stations location, the hour of day and the year seasont. The biggest differences beetwen stations are obserwed at 12 UTC, the smallest at 6 UTC. The fastest wind speeds are recorded in spring and in autumn and on Zapora station.
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There is analyzed plant cover impact on the differentiation of agriculture surfaces net radiation. Two contrasting surfaces: grass and bare soil are taken to consideration. There analysed data were collected from actinometrical measure-ments in 2009 in the Wroclaw-Swojec Agro- and Hydrometeorology Observatory belonging to Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. There are used data from permanent registration of flux intensity of: global solar radiation K, reflected solar radiation K, incoming long-wave radiation L and outgoing long-wave radiation L. Contrasting physical and biological features of considered agriculture surfaces have an important influence on the differentiation of their radiation properties (absorption and emission). As a result there are legible differences in synchronically values of measured radiation parameters from these surfaces. The analysis were concentrated on showing these differences and their reason. Particular attention is paid on differences in daily and monthly global solar radiation averages and their the most important components. Topoclimatic effects of these radiation differences were discussed.
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The most important issues modern hydrogeology is: exploitation and pro-tection of groundwater intakes.This paper presents, the area where located is the water inake Serby, pos-sibility of using Geographic Information System using applications Arcgis, Surfer for the analysis of archival data and results of field studies.Many geographic, geological and hydrogeological information presented in the described and graphical database. The result was the groundwater model and the protection zone for water intake Serby.
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