Zeszyt: 2010, vol. 7 / 01
Presented were some research results and forecasts concerning directions of organizational and technical transformations occurring in agriculture and its infrastructure.The main aim of transformations in agricultural enterprises will be acquisi-tion of increasingly safer (healthier) raw materials and food products under con-ditions of better energy and environment efficiency in rural areas. Energy effi-ciency implies decreasing unit material and energy outlays and manpower, therefore decreasing the costs of own products supplied to the market at the prices satisfactory for both producers and consumers.Competitive rivalry on the world food markets decreases and will decrease the number of Polish commodity farms. In the perspective of 15-20 years there will be about 300 thous. of those and they will supply almost all marketable agri-cultural output for processing or directly to the market. All family commodity farms will have to modernize and develop their production on the basis of pre-pared business plan, i.e. a project of equipment, mechanization and investment on farm. Each farm will be able to assess the needs and potential concerning its ad-justment to the requirements posed to future family agricultural enterprises.The paper presents the methodology of farm modernization using techno-logical cards and the way of assessment of investment potential of modernized ...
In the Polish and Ukrainian Carpathians there are natural spills of oil and natural gas emissions. Often these are agricultural areas. Knowledge of these areas complements the infrastructure for spatial information in the European Community (INSPIRE). Inventory of natural resources can flow to assess environmental risks, the technical condition of wells, the required levels of security. Investments are needed including Polish heritage to protect the natural environment. These places are a testament to the original and developing Polish oil mining (in XIX century). Of all countries, only Austrian Galicia and Bukovina had ground resins. In 1885 created the first national and foreign oil companies on the current Polish land and the Ukrainian. They favored the creation of mining law and oil those years (laws and regulations years 1854, 1862, 1883-1884, 1906, 1908, 1915, 1919, 1926, 1928 and 1934-1935). As a result of the mines were exhausted and many of the war was abandoned and forgotten places. The political and economic transformations of recent years give rise to a deficit of oil on the open European market. This determines the return to the Polish oil resources in the area of the Carpathian. ...
At the present, in modern river training practices and philosophy one can notice coming more into use ecological friendly hydraulic structures. Those, which are especially needed for river training works, as far as expectation of Water Framework Directive is concerned, are rapid hydraulic structures (RHS). What is important, RHS in general do not stop fish and invertebrates against migrating upstream, provide natural and esthetical effects within the river channel, still working as hydraulic engineering structures. Along this paper we described and measured some hydraulic parameters within the reach of chosen rapid hydraulic structures, which we found in the field. The main aim of the research was to describe changes of values of those parame-ters upstream and downstream of the RHS's and to find out their influence on hy-drodynamics of the stream. The study was undertaken on the Porębianka Stream in the Gorce Mountains.Observed hydrodynamic parameters within the reach of the RHS's depend on the location of measuring point and the influence of individual part of the structure. At the same time maximum velocity does not always create the bigger shear force, because it is also depend on the velocity distribution along the hydro-logical profile. ...
The correction method developed increases the number of farms participat-ing in the design complexes of plots and refers to an optimization model optimiz-ing the layout of farmlands as regards the plains of plots. The optimization model applied is based on dividing the design complexes of plots into small elementary strips. This correction method aims at eliminating too low participation levels of farms since they make it impossible to section off plots with sufficiently large ar-eas. The effectiveness of this correction method increasing the number of farms participating in the design complexes of plots has been confirmed by the example of the village of Wojków. With this correction method applied, it was possible to eliminate from the complexes of plots all the eliminable farms smaller than the area assumed, i.e. smaller than 1 ha. Other few participation levels of farms smaller than 1 ha result from too small areas of the farms or of the design com-plexes of plots. ...
In transformation time of Polish tourism, there is a general opinion, that the development of tourism can be the chance of economic development of regions. A very imortant role in the tourism development is attributed to the lanscape valu-es and natural environment. Rich relating touristic values, technical infrastructu-re, basic and supplementary devices offer is the decisive in development of touris-tic economy factor.Critical reaction on grander interference in natural and social and cultural supplies, in connection to endeavour of continuously economic growth is funda-mental to coming of conception of sustainable development of touristic activity. Article presented nature and lanscape value of Warmia and Mazury province which helping the development of sustainable tourism. The study wants to show the problems which are connected to realization of principles of sustainable tour-ism in Warmia and Mazury province. ...
The a of this study is to determine the extent of fragmentation of land in the villages of the district in the province brzozowski in voivodeship podkarpackie. The study included all 44 villages located in the district, in which number of par-cels and their areas within fixed ranges, have been determined. Isolated 6 groups of parcels from the aspect of their areas in 44 villages is very different rated. The study was run on the basis on data from grounds and buildings register. Defects in shape agricultural space can be eliminated by further consolidating and compre-hensive exchange of land. ...
The analisys of final energy consumption and computed air pollution emis-sion In the area of Bochnia commune were presented in the work. Energy demand included all groups of obiects localized in the commune. For the sake of presented work the commune was dividet into the following sectors. housing sectors, social infrastrukture, ekonomic infrastrukture, and finalny culivation dunder covers. It allowed for computing the Mount and structure of energy carrier consumption In individual recipient groups and on his basis to determine tche the effects they hale on air pollution In the commune area. ...
The paper presents analysis of modernization possibilities of the techno-logical chain in the sewage treatment plant in Lopuszna concerning removal of biogenic pollutants. High operation effectiveness of the analyzed treatment plant is important regarding the protection of water in the cascade of Czorsztyn-Niedzica-Sromowce Wyzne reservoirs against the excessive pollution. The assess-ment of modernization possibilities of the treatment plant was based on the num-ber of computer simulations upon the ASIM2d model. This model includes 21 separate processes, which were divided into: hydrolysis processes, processes with heterotrophic bacteria XH, processes with poliphosphates' accumulating bacteria XPAO, processes with nitrifiers XAUT and chemical processes.The analysis revealed that low effectiveness of biogenic substance removal in the objective treatment plant results from the lack of activated sludge recircula-tion into the anaerobic chamber which causes that the biological dephosphatation process is not sufficient enough. The situation will change if the internal and external recirculation chain is corrected and the anaerobic chamber is included in the technological chain of the objective sewage treatment plant. ...
Since the year 1997, it is prohibited to produce, sell and use asbestos productsin Poland. Such products were used as good insulation material characterisedby bad thermal and electric conductivity. Thanks to their resistance to fire andhigh temperatures, they were used for the production of fire-resistant fabrics andpaints. Asbestos was also used in the production of fibre cement. It was used tostrengthen building materials, such as roof coatings (flat and corrugated fibre cementsheets), pipes etc. Asbestos dust is carcinogenic and inhalation of asbestosfibres may result in asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma. The first records onthe harmfulness of asbestos are from the years 1900-1910. In the year 1910,French research results confirmed the harmful influence of asbestos on human organism.Removal of asbestos products from buildings requires special protectionof workers and disposal of the waste material. Dumping in dump-sites for dangerousmaterials is one of the methods of disposal. Microwave Thermal Treatment(MTT) becomes a frequently used modern technology of neutralising asbestos. Improvementand protection of the condition of environment and protection of humanhealth through the removal of asbestos products on the example of four communesclose to Wroclaw: Miekinia, Kobierzyce, Żórawina and Kąty Wrocławskie, is presentedin the study. Asbestos is harmful to health and, because of danger it ...
The issue is the level and type of divergence between its initial form, found by settling population in years 1945-1947, and temporary form of Eastern Sudety countryside. Analyzes show that the whole non-material sphere of cultural envi-ronment has disappeared and the former identity was something new, unknown, for the population with different ethnic background. If it had existed, the degree of population and place cohesion was minimal. There were some, but impoverished bases to create new reality. If we take into consideration the lack of coordination in resources - challenge interaction, additionally with the pressure of external factors, the final effect is the weakening or even disappearance of initial potential. In real it means liquidation of some villages and when the threshold of structures balance is crossed - the domination of foreign objects with shapes not fitted to the local architecture style. The process creates an unknown pattern with hard to define new identity. ...
In the paper, results of the research into the ladn configuration of plots with arable land are presented. The plots researched belong to farms situated in a village of Marcówka, in the Province of Małopolska. The village studied has aproximately 431 ha area and is characterized by a high farm land fragmentation rate. A basic surface element that was taken for analysis were continuous parts of cadastral plots utilized using only one utilization type. The research comprised all the plots with arable land in the selected village; they belonged to the farms exist-ing in this village. To analyse such a very large number of plots, three specialist computer software were applied, i.e.: „MKTopo GUTR", „Plikpol", and „Pole"; they utilize data from a numeric cadastre map and from a descriptive part of the digital general lands and buildings register. The technology applied allowed to obtain more than 70 features characterizing each plot analyzed. Nineteen basic features land configuration of a plots were accurately stud-ied. The first eight features determine spatial parameters of a plot, the next three features refer to estimate costs of cultivating a given plot depending on the land configuration plots, the subsequent three features depict the location of ...
Non-agricultural activities carried out in rural areas are thought to be indispensable for their economic development. They are especially important to those farms that are situated in areas with unfavourable farming conditions. The article presents an analysis of the development of non-agricultural activities in private farming. The analysis was designed to identify the main factors stimulating non-agricultural economic activities. Empirical research sho-wed that non-agricultural activity in private farming influences the profitability of private farming and the income situation of communes. The greatest development of non-agricultural economic activity has been observed in city hinterland areas and has first and foremost involved the services sector and trade. In this research the main possible directions of development of non-agricultural activity were shown. ...
Over the last few years, the scale of consolidation works related to linear investments mainly highways and express roads has significantly increased. In fu-ture such works may also be relevant to construction of new railway routes. Accurate determination of boundaries of the area which should be subject to a land consolidation procedure is a difficult and time consuming task, as it re-quires a huge amount of calculation to be made. At the same time, the effect of this activity is significant for both possibility of obtaining relevant results as well as its cost, which is mainly dependant to a size of the assigned area. A dynamic progress in methods of storing and disclosing the land registra-tion data as well as fast growth of effectiveness of computers allows these days for introducing new methods allowing for fast and very precise determination of areas, for which a negative impacts of the said investment justifies a decision of a land consolidation within this area.This presented article describes a proposition of such method, which uses both land registration data of the considered area in SWDE format as well as a run of a planned linear investment as input data.
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These days many communes treat tourism as a major factor for economic activation and a simulator to economic growth. This is well visible in areas that are attractive in terms of tourism as follows: tourist values, access by transporta-tion and status of tourist development. The objective of the paper was to assess se-lected elements of tourist attractiveness of the districts in the province of Opole. The research has an additional practical objective since the results will be used by experts reviewing co-financing applications for projects under ROP OV 2007-2013. The research material used in this paper is secondary and has been acquired as a result of studies of statistics as well as bibliographic literature and studies. A descriptive method was applies which is one of induction research methods. The research covered 12 districts of the province of Opole and the year of 2008. The analysis covered selected elements of tourist attractiveness of the in-vestigated area. The research included: protected areas, number of musealia, length of public roads, number of road accidents, number of hotels and number of hotel beds. A development template method which is multidimensional comparative analysis was applied to assess the tourist attractiveness of the studied district. Con-sidering ...
In this paper we described the process of watercourses maintenance and analysed the problems involving its quality management in terms of the water-course efficiency. The watercourse efficiency is determined by running waters use and maintenance works. Both actions are characterized by good quality when the good technical condition of the river-bed, its capacity and the good ecological status are provided. River-bed capacity ant the ecological status of the running waters are influenced by the aquatic plants. Therefore control and assessment of aquatic plants abundant are major elements of the quality management of the wa-tercourses efficiency.To identify the problem of overgrowing of running waters with plants, the lowland watercourses in the Lower Silesia were investigated during the years 2007-2009. Field studies showed, that the overgrowing of river-bed begins straight after the maintenance works. Generally the aquatic plant development is rapid. Therefore the correct watercourse maintenance demands cyclical mainte-nance works. Maintenance works comprise a lot of technical actions, which are related to each other. In this paper we showed, that each of these actions affects the watercourse efficiency. The field studies and analysis proved, that quality management of the watercourses maintenance requires establishment criteria of the process quality assessment. Criteria should consider ...
Increasing road traffic may destabilise the functioning of these animal populations that require large spaces. Animals that periodically dwell in the vicin-ity of roads may also be unfavourably impacted by the chemical contamination generated by vehicular traffic. Soils, ground cover and water in watering places are particularly susceptible to contamination. In order to enable free migration of wild animals, it is necessary to construct walkways above or under transport routes. To date there have been no attempts to develop appropriate guidelines for the optimisation of engineering parameters of aboveground walkways and ade-quate methods of managing ecoducts.The detailed scope of camera monitoring of the walkway included the fol-lowing:- analysis of the species and age structure of wild boars using the walkway,- analysis of the annual and daily seasonality of migration,- assessment of the impact of physical factors (noise and light) generated by vehicular traffic on the behaviour of wild animals on the walkway,Analyses of the registered film sequences have proven that a correctly de-signed, developed and managed aboveground walkway is accepted by animals and ensures continuity of the migration corridor bisected by a transport route with a considerable intensity of traffic. The walkway was used by both big game and small ...
The study constitutes the attempts at presentation the different factors which determine agritourism infrastructure development in Nowosądecki Province.In the theoretical part of the article the essence of agritourism infrastruc-ture was presented. Elements included in the infrastructure were characterized. Basic infrastructure in agritourism - accommodation base and food base were shown. Concomitant base, in other words recreation base was presented, too. Moreover different factors determining the development of widely understood infrastructure in agritourism were presented. Results of researches carried out in 42 agritourism farms and in district offices in communes of Nowosądeckie Province: Jerzmanowice - Przeginia, Rytro i Stary Sącz were presented, too. Both researches related to the state and forms of agritourism infrastructure and determinants of its development. ...
The paper presents effectiveness of LUCAS research method on the exam-ple of nine districts Małopolskie voivodeship. The study was conducted from march to july 2006. There were 520 research points located in the following districts: krakowski, Kraków, wielicki, limanowski, wadowicki, myślenicki, suski, nowatorski, tatrzański. Research points were specified by Eurostat randomly. The analysis reveal numerical distribution in land cover categories and land use cate-gories. The survey results allowed to define the use of land (land development) on the studied area. The link between land cover and land use allowed to evaluate percentage of points assigned to land use and land cover categories. The final re-sults are presented on the land use and land cover maps. ...
