Zeszyt: 2008, vol. 5 / 09
Environmental compensation is a set of actions. These actions should take to restore natural balance on the given area, compensating the damage to the environment through undertaking the action plans and maintaining the landscape amenities (Article 3 of the Environmental Protection Law). They including hydrotechnical constructions, groundworks, soil reclamation, afforestation, tree planting or developing vegetation concentration sites, that are leading. Environmental compensation is highly recommended to repair the harm to the environment especially when realization of an investment disabled the protection of the environmental elements. The required range of environmental compensation is issued by the decision of the environmental conditioning for the investments with the environmental impact assessment already made (Article 75 of the Environmental Protection Low). The paper presents an inventory of the compensation actions that allow for reducing the negative impact of hydrotechnical constructions on the ecosystem of rivers. ...
The article presents description of structures of embankment protection of Odra river and their significance analysis in the Wroclaw Water Junction. Creating of Odra river as an important European water route and related to this fact development of Wroclaw Odra section and a need of protection city of Wroclaw against flood caused appearance of many different structures of embankment protection according to their functions, constructions and building materials. Technical solutions are presented depending on flood protection, water management, inland navigation and recreation usage of Odra river. The experiences gained after flood in 1997 indicate that not all technical solutions protecting stability of water embankment meet standards of flood safety, duration and aesthetic features. Some sections of river embankments present bad condition. The need of preparing of optimization of repairing and renovation technology for different types of structures of embankment protection is emphasized. ...
The article presents the characteristic features of the process of composting with animal waste share. The investigation on composting animal waste have been conducted since 2006 in a chamber composting plant belonging to “Beskid Ltd.” at Żywiec that operates on the Herhof technology. The composting process consists of two stages: intensive composting in a bioreactor and seasoning in heaps. Components used for composting process are biodegradable waste from household, green waste (grass, leaves) and waste from a Slaughterhouse S.A. at Żywiec (bones, skins, meat fragments). The composting process with participation of the materials mentioned underwent assessment both during its bioreactor stage (temperature of the matter as a parameter indicating the intensity of biochemical processes, chemical composition of the matter) and during seasoning of the compost in heaps (sanitary state after unloading the bioreactor, temperature of compost prisms). After ending of the composting process, the compost with animal waste share was evaluated with respect to all the parameters characteristic for organic fertilizers. ...
The aim of this research was an assessment of impact of relocated Mała Wełna river channel on water conditions in the adjacent areas. In this paper also a fasibility to increase river flow capacity with the purpose of maintaining river channel dynamic equilibrium was presented. Field observations and measurements were carried out in hydrological years of 2000–2008 in Mała Wełna river catchment down to Kiszkowo crosssection. The main cause of valley flooding on the reach from Zakrzewo to Kiszkowo were hydraulic conditions at the relocated Mała Wełna river channel. The river cross-section geometry and its channel slope caused that at the high-water discharge SWQ the channel capacity of the river is too low. A lack of the river banks and bottom maintenance has had strong negative impact on the river capacity. To improve the river flow capacity and the drain ditches “A” and “B” it is necessary to make modernization of hydraulic structures and the whole water system in the catchment of the Mała Wełna river. Before this it is necessary to make a detail geodetic measurement of these areas. ...
During the realization of Floodmed Project, the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Wrocław Branch has participated in the action focused on the adequacy of the existing structural and non structural flood protection works and measures. The analysis was elaborated for pilot basins and concerned various weather conditions for different scenarios compared to the real one, noticed during the flood in 1997. The evaluation was achieved on comparison between hydrographs for Jelenia Gora measure gauging station for flood 1997 and obtained as results of Mike 11 simulations for analyzed scenarios. ...
The development is focused on the utilization of preventive tools to increasing of the environmental charge of the region by bio-degradable wastes, that is required to Czech Republic as a full-fledged member of European Union. Czech Republic has to adhere the legislative requirements that are determined to waste treatment. In this case it is Directive of EU Council 1999/31/ES about landfills. The Directive orders to member states to reduce the quantity of bio-degradable wastes at landfills. One of the possibilities how to get the requirements is consequential exercitation of preventive methods, especially cleaner production and methods of right agricultural and operating work experience. Cleaner production (CP) is an ongoing application of integral prevention strategy to processes, products and services aiming at increasing their effectiveness and reducing their risks towards men as well as towards environment. CP is a strategy that protects the environment, the consumer and the worker while improving the industrial efficiency, profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. By eliminating or reducing waste at the source, economic development can continue to occur, but in a more environmentally sustainable manner. CP can bring significant financial and economic advantages as well as environmental benefits at the local and global level. Cleaner Production ...
This paper presents a treat evoked free of asbestos. Authors discussed types of asbestos-containing materials and products, taking into account where they can be found and how much asbestos there is in individual products. The health effects of occupational, para-occupational and environmental exposition to asbestos fibres were presented in this article. ...
This paper presents rules of law and treat procedure with asbestos and asbestos products. Planning of removal asbestos and asbestos products was discussed. The scope of schedule asbestos removal on locally level were presented. The method presentation of stocktaking and resource balancing of asbestos products were proposed. ...
The area of upper catchment of Nysa Kłodzka River, situated in Eastern Sudety mountains, was chosen to analyze. Groundwater monitoring in last years indicate for lower levels of groundwater than reliable for long-term observations in most of monitoring points. In connection with tendencies to groundwater lowering on lowland area the attempt of long-term observations of upper catchment of Nysa Klodzka River groundwater was taken. The aim of the article is characterization of changes of groundwater depth level of Quaternary aquifer layer in period 1971–2005, based on observations carried out on wells in Domaszków, Stronie Śląskie and Szalejów Górny. The analyzed over 30-years period of observations makes possible interpretation of groundwater level changes in relation to precipitation in the region. Carried out analyzes of precipitation in period 1971– –2005 on discussed area of Sudety mountain indicate their periodic character with years much above and much below of long-term norm. In analyzed period of 1971–2005 (wells Domaszków and Szalejów Górny) and 1980–2005 (well Stronie Śląskie) statisticly important changes in groundwater level are not observed. The conclusion is that the lowering of groundwater level in mountain area of catchment of Nysa Kłodzka River is not observed, which is observed in many wells on ...
Due to repeatedly occuring water deficit, one of rational methods to increase exploitable resources at non-individual rural water intakes is to periodically store water in small storage reservoirs. The article presents an assessment of the reliability of water abstraction from the water intake situated in the mountainous stream with non-controlled flow as well as with controlled flow after emergency reservoirs and a small storage reservoir were built. Using data from the water intake in the Białka stream, Wilkowice gmina, the influence of water storing on water management efficiency during deficit period is shown. ...
Council Directive EU 1999/31/ES “about landfills“ orders to member sates to decrease the volume of disposaled bio-degradabled wastes (BDW). Part of these wastes will be composted, part of them will be used by an anaerobic treatment in a biogas station. Due to capital intensity of project and building of biogas station it is necessary to consider a lot of elements, such as economic conditions and possibilities of investment grant obtaining, quality, availability and quantity of input raw material, technology and especially functional tenability contingeted by product sale. Biogas stations are modular machinery. There exist lots of technology equipment for various projects from transport of input raw material logistic through type, number and capacity of fermenters, system of operations control to output product utilization. The biogas station does not stink with correct project, realization and operation and it offers stable output and production of biogas and rest after digestion that is after aerobic stabilizing applicable as a fertilizer. ...
Analysis of tests on soils with randomly distributed fibre reinforcement an possibilities of its application in geotechnical and environmental engineering were presented in the paper. Using this type of reinforcement make it is possible to form flexible earth structures with green surfaces and relatively high resistance on different settlement substituting heavy, rigid and strange in the landscape concrete structures. By mixing synthetic fibers, both specially produced as reinforcement or other ones eg. recovered from waste carpets or foils, with soil and sometimes very small amount of cement, shear strength resistance and its residual value increase is achieved. Reinforcement dose not disturb growth of plants or water infiltration, so the fiber-soil composite is an environmental friendly solution. Higher strength is positively influencing other soil parameters like piping resistance or resistance against erosion, but in this field of application there is much less investigation data. ...
In the paper are presented groundwater level changes in house wells located within upper Nysa Klodzka catchment for period 1971-2005. Low groundwater flow periods are designated by application of two methods: first one - on the basis of soil drought hazard index kn and second one - low flow and very low flow designated by truncation levels: probability of water level p = 50% (very low flow), probability p = 90% (low flow). Obtained results enable to designate low flow periods in analysed term and make possible to compare both methods. In method using of soil drought hazard index, more restricted criteria are used, so this methods is fit to designation low groundwater flow in multiannual periods. Following method may be applicated to define beginning and end of low groundwater flow periods within the year. ...
Maps of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides can by elaborated using Attenuation Factor (AF) approach, evaluated by Rao et al. in 1985. AF concept takes into account such transport phenomena as: advection, sorption and, biodegradation. AF model requires data on hydrogeology, groundwater recharge, soil environment properties (dry bulk density and organic carbon content) as well as pesticide properties as half-life decay and sorption coefficient of pesticide by organic matter. Nowadays GIS environment is the most suitable tool for mapping groundwater vulnerability to pollution according to AF approach. The presented concept consists on modification of original Rao’s concept (equation 7) to the form given by equation 10. Firstly two numerical maps (grids) for spatial distribution of parameters A and B (according to equation (8)) have to be created and next any individual user will be able to create the vulnerability map on his own for given pesticide. Visualizations (maps) of groundwater vulnerability to pollution by organic pesticides should be used as supplementary tools by farmers and extension services, local water and environmental authorities as well as by legislative bodies. ...
Detention reservoirs are designed for rise interceptions of flow intensity exceeding the flow capacity of the discharge devices. With this follows gradual refill of the hemisphere reservoir, this results in a decrease of runoff size and a diminishing culmination. Detention reservoir designed in Raciborz will be located on the naturally valuable areas including grounds classified into Natura 2000 network and its influence will be seen at a flight of 230 km on the Odra River. The research analyzed the potential influence of the water management on the natural environment of the river valley. The flood heights are put together in the reservoir bowl. ...
Landfill gas generation is an associated event of pursuit of a landfill that is projected to a large volume of biologically decomposable waste depositing. Calculation methods of landfill gas generation are extremely complicated and it is difficult to find enough truthful input data. That is why the authors tried to compare the waste quantity balance and measured methane concentration. ...
Superabsorbents (SAP) are loosely crosslinked hydrophilic polymers can absorb a large amounth of water. In a soil it works as moistre bufor limiting plant water stres. It has been observed mixing SAP with soil decrease its strength parameters. To prevent that phenomena a kind of geocomposite absorbing water was introduced. It is a flat tube made from geotextile, filled with superabsorbent. Application of the geocomposite limits a problem of water avability for plant, which increase slopes erosion resistance. ...
The results of research over influence of air temperature on oxygen condition in carp pond are present in this paper. Mean of dissolved oxygen concentration observed at 8 am were equal 7,18 mg O2·dm-3, at 2 pm – 12,76 mg O2·dm-3 and at 8 pm – 13,37 mg O2·dm-3. Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen concentration in the euphotic zone of eutrophic fish pond were observed. Oxygen condition lower then lower limit of dissolved oxygen concentration for carp (5 mg O2·dm-3) were observed at 8 am (minimum = 2,34 mg O2·dm-3). The highest oxygen concentration were observed in the afternoon (14 pm) and in the evening (8 pm). The highest oxygen concentration were equal 25,8 mg O2·dm-3. Analysis of connection between air temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration revealed weak but essential relationship for the results from 2 and 8 pm. Increase of oxygen concentration was observed with increase of air temperature. ...
In this paper an attempt of estimating the self-purification processes in the Smortawa river was undertaken. The investigation was carried out at the natural and altered transects of the river between km 9+676 and km 7+105 in hydrological year 2004. At the examined stretch three measurement sections were located (km 9+676, km 8+030 i km 7+105), where the values of oxygen indicators (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD(Mn) and COD(Cr)) were measured. At the examined stretch of the river, the values of oxygen indicators decreased depending on the river’s course. The reduction of organic pollution of the Smortawa river at investigated transect was observed. Between km 9+676 and km 8+030, where the river bed is natural, wide, and rich in water plants, self-purification processes occurred significantly better than at the altered stretch. ...
The method of application of limited inverse problems to determine admitted chemical concentration on the soil surface is elaborated. The process of transport of pollutants soluble in soil water is described by the hydrodynamic dispersion equation. The method lets for restoring the border condition on the soil surface. This is obtained on the bases of the concentration changes in the selected depths during the process. The example of method application is presented when the soil moisture and flow rate are spatial and time variable. The converges of the method has been investigated. ...
Evaluation of the precipitation value causing summer floods in the Middle Odra basin was done on the basis of daily precipitation totals within the period of 1971–2005 recorded at 53 precipitation stations. The critical value of precipitation was searched among the values of 5-days precipitation totals with the probability of exceeedance (p) of 10% and lower. The functional relationships between precipitation values of the given p and the altitude of the stations were identified. They were used to estimate the range of precipitation values of given p for the altitude layers. For each year a number of 5-days precipitation totals of the following p: >10%, [10% – 5%), [5% – 2%), [2% – 1%), [1% – 0,1%), ≤ 0,1% was calculated. Arranging the obtained results by the number of events of p≤1% let to designate the years of the severe and extended floods in the middle Odra basin. While analyzing the relationship between mean areal value of precipitation and the number of critical precipitation incidences, the values of precipitation causing moderate and severe risk of summer flood were estimated. ...
In article the event of repairing embankment of small water reservoir in mountains was presented. This dam which he in belong to IV class of validity did not fulfill none of requirements of safety he one should be qualified classified. The realization of repair was from surface of crown of dam the building was a some engineering innovation. The dam about seldom had the stepping out ornate inclination the slope the limited accessibility of terrain from side the down stream slope also. It the new solutions to difficult conditions of realization of object were adapted was and the technology of works. It the effective protection was protected was the filtration and the dehydration as well as the improvement the stability across appeasement of inclination of slope the down stream slope. ...
In this paper the examples of the conditions of embankments small dams in Poland which caused catastrophes were presented. The similar example damage was analyses on small water reservoir to the water take off to snowing of ski lift slope in Lower Silesia. On this danger of stability object the field and laboratory test was carried. The results of investigation demonstrated that the geotechnical parameters of soils aren’t appropriately. Above 50 % values of the compatibility results were lower than 0,92, and under of the base of dam was small layer of organics soil. Also index of plasticity of cohesions ground corps dams were higher than 0,70. This condition caused that too shear down slopes of is very deformed, and settlements of corps of embankment are above 24 cm. Coefficient of stability in ran of reservoir, analyzed of Swedish method is lower than 1,0. The stone – concrete screen on up stream is absolutely no tight. The tested dams of reservoir in Potoczek is in very dangers condition and probably by the piping phenomena and sliding there will be damaged. ...
Over a number of years the quality of surface water in Poland has been monitored and assessed. Water quality assessments are published every year by specialized institutions. The criteria of assessment used by different regions (voivodships) have not been standardised. The Water Frame Directive has enforced the application of uniform assessment procedures. This directive emphasises mainly the biological quality of water and essentially changes the previous classification methods. In the paper the author has described some aspects of Water Frame Directive, the ways the surface water had been classified over the past 25 years as well the projected aims in this area. ...
The hydrotechnic structures of the flood protection system of the Wrocław city were realized after the flood in 1903. They protected the city against the discharges equal 2400m3/s. During the catastrophic flood in 1997 the maximal discharge in Odra river was much higher, about 3640m3/s. The stages and discharges in the whole Wrocław Hydrotechnic System (WHS) were also higher then in 1903. It concerned also the knot Odra-Widawa. The high stages and discharges leaded to the destruction of the inlet weir to the channel Odra-Widawa and of the channel’s embankments, what caused the inundation of the city quarters Kowale and Wojnów. The presented paper is an attempt of the determination of causes of the weir Odra-Widawa destruction. The hydrogrammes of stages during the flood were determinated on the base of measurement performed by the Water Administration in Wrocław on the upstream gauge of the sluice Bartoszewice. It could be stated that the destruction of the weir and embankments was related mainly to the blockage of a part of weir by branches brought by the stream and to the small hydraulic capacity of the Strachociński bridge on the channel Odra-Widawa. ...
In the ecological system of the Mściwojów Reservoir the occurrence of heavy metals was ascertained. The concentration of chosen elements: in bottom sediments of the reservoir (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Fe) and in the reed (Phragmites australis) from settlement ponds and the pre-dam reservoir (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) has been determined. Origin of these metals can be both geogenic and anthropogenic. In the paper the possibility of the element genesis has been presented. Accordingly, there has been analyzed the geological formation of the reservoir catchment and collected the information on agricultural and communal pollutions.. Anthropogenic hazard for the water environment on this area originates mostly from the agricultural space, as a consequence of applying the intensive agriculture, the mineral manures and the plant protection measures and the irrational leadership water-of sewer management. ...
The Lake Dąbie is located in Lower Odra estuary. That water region plays very important role for navigation, because through the Lake Dąbie the main seaway between Schwedt and Pomeranian Gulf is running. The Lake in strongly silted with polyfractional sediments with high clay and silt particles content and also with high organic matter content. That high clay and silt particles content causes that muds from the Lake have semi-cohesive or cohesive properties. Settled muds cause difficulties in seaway exploitation and significant decrease of its capacity. During 34 years the Lake Dąbie capacity decreased about 12,1 mln m3. The estimated mean year increase of sediments volume is equal about 356 000 m3. The authors performed the preliminary estimation of erosion parameters for sediments from Lake Dąbie on the base of theirs physical and rheological properties. ...
Paper concerns the small reservoir Młyny II located in km 6,968 of river Julianpolka, place Młyny, commune Rudniki, Opole Province. Młyny reservoir II is one of nine of small dam reservoirs situated in Opole Provine. It has a lot of functions: agricultural irrigation, fish farming and recreation. Reservoir are is 4,53 ha, and capacity 81 540 m3. The aim of this work is presenetation of study results of water quality on river Julianpolka flowing across Młyny reservoir. Investigations has been performed in period from January 2006 to December 2006. Measurements concern following water quality indexes: nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, BOD, COD, water reaction, electrolytic conductivity and water temperature. Studies showed that water from Młyny reservoir had lower content of nitrates, phoshpates and electrolytic conductivity. Started investigations on Młyny reservoir deliver information on water quality inflowing and outflowing from this reservoir, and facilitate to make correct economic decisions connected with storied water use at reservoir and protection. ...
