Zeszyt: 2007, vol. 4 / 4 / 2
Paper concerns show of laboratory experiment program of the electricelectronic barrier application ingoing to Electronic Deterrent Fish System to its protection against negative influence of hydrotechnical facilities. Investigations have been performed at Hydraulic Laboratory of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, and will be tend towards determination of optimal technical parameters of the tested facilities for specified hydraulic conditions within the water plants. The Union Water Instruction and national controls determined requirements fish protection of inland waters. Free two-environment fish migration in canalized rivers can be realised by water plant modernization based on construction of fish passes friendly for environmental and assembly of electricelectronic facilities as barriers. In our opinion these barriers should be enable fish migration upwards and downwards, and its localization and construction should be secure simpler passage across fish passes. This publication has been coasted from the research project means No. 00029-61535-OR0100002/06 on “Efficiency studies of the facilities to control of fish behaviour at inlets to water intakes and fish passes”, realised by Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. This project is financed by European Union and national budget in frame of Sectorial Operating System on “Fishery and Fish processing 2004-2006”. ...
In the article Author characterized the calculating conditions of boundary slope coefficient of critical scour line below hydraulic structures, used to estimation of the buildings safety. Boundary values of these coefficients were computed for two schemes: equivalent stability, range active tensions zone. The field studies were made for different hydrological, hydraulic and exploiting conditions, so the time was the only independent factor. Computed coefficients of critical line and some of the result of field study are compared. The safety states of analysed objects in different stages of their exploitation were defined after the comparison of real coefficients witch took of field measurements with counted values. ...
Using rivers and mountain streams for economic purposes led to the loss of ecological balance and to the intensification of morphological processes, which in most cases caused erosion as well as the lowering of riverbed. Such changes have made stabilising the river bed and its banks necessary. In our work, on the basis of the analysis of project documentation and the simulations of flood events on several mountain streams, we made an attempt to answer the question: are the river training works enough to let the catastrophic floods pass safely and do they take into account the morphological processes which have a formative influence on the riverbeds? It has been proved that as far as hydraulic structures are concerned, the adjustments that are being planned comply with the requirement of ensuring the required capacity of the river channel. Maintaining the required capacity of the river channel creates the need for constant remedial works. When dimensioning cross-sections with stable bottoms, the width of the river valley is a serious limitation which, in urban environment, does not allow the engineers to design a crosssection of a river channel whose shape would be most efficient one. In case of river channels with moveable ...
The material of slurry walls in river levees in order to satisfy role, have to be resistant on outside factors also frost penetration. This resistance decide on compressive strength and indirect about stability river levees. This article present laboratory tests connected with the influence of cycles frost penetration on selfMagdalena hardening slurries compressive strength. The tests were performed for samples of two materials i.e. used for slurry walls build by deep soil mixing method and cut-off method. The results of tests shown that self-hardening slurries undergo a deformation and destruction under frost penetration influence, which result is strength decrease of slurry walls material. The highest decreases were observed in cycles frosting and defrosting samples in full water-saturated conditions. ...
The article presents the properties of mining wastes from the Bogdanka Mine in Lubelski Coal Basin. Most important geotechnical parameters, which should be known in designing engineering embankments are discussed in details. These parameters are: grain size distribution and shear strength of soil. The water content, optimum moisture content, maximum dry density of solid particles are also presented. These parameters will be characterised in relation to the different storage time. ...
The authors performed an estimation of the dynamic of the river bed changes caused by sedimentation and erosion processes. The physical and rheological parameters for chosen cohesive and semi-cohesive sediments were investigated. Mud samples were taken from 3 different localisation on Middle Odra (Poland) and from 2 localisations on Warnow river (Germany). Rheological characteristics were studied with use of the rotative viscometer. Erosion characteristics of the mud’s were studied accordingly to methodology of Migniot [1968]. Results for Middle Odra were verified in the natural scale during the passage of the catastrophic flood through barrage Brzeg Dolny in 1997. This flood caused partly erosion of mud’s from the upstream part of this barrage. ...
Paper concerns the Włodzienin retention reservoir on river Troja located in Opole Province. Main function of this reservoir is flood protection and agricultural irrigatin. Reservoir capacity at NPP is equal 4 mln m3, and flood surface 86 ha. At present construction of this reservoir is near, and start of tankage is foreseen towards the end of current year. The authors presented on the paper prognosis of sediment inflow to reservoir. Calculations showed that this reservoir has been deposited after about 100 years. ...
Paper presents results of measurements and analyses of sediment transport flowing to the water small Mściwojów reservoir. Measurements of suspended and bed load transport on two tributaries (stream Zimnik and Wierzbiak) to this reservoir showed that annually it gets to this one about 167 T of sediment. Part of suspended load in total transport is about 97%. From the self bathymetry author’s studies follows that this reservoir is better intensively silted up, mainly in settling tanks and pre-dams. It causes the continuous reduction of its storage and shows on further necessity operation of the bathymetry reservoir bowl measurements and quantity, and kind of flowing sediment. The last studies at Mściwojów reservoir showed that it has been partly elutriated in part, where are the settling tank, and dumps have been deposited in its region. ...
Massive concrete structures form a specific group among the whole category of concrete structures, which require a separate aproach to design, construction and control processes. Continuous progress in material science and technology, measurement devices and techniques, numerical modelling and computation and, last but not least, data analysis stimulates developement of new diagnostic methods, that correspond well to the needs of massive concrete structures evaluation. These new methods allow determination of state of concrete on the structure surface as well as inside the structure. The paper presents a literature survey of described cases of massive concrete structures evaluation from several past years. ...
The paper comprises analysis of significant problems that determine durability of hydrotechnical concrete in structures and comments on activity of international research teams working on design fundamentals of structures duration. Authors on the basis of the EN 1990 standard have computed the characteristic predicted lifetime of the weir structures on the Odra river. Necessity of changes in design requirements for hydrotechnical concrete has been underlined, attempting to gain considerably more durable structures. On the basis of the analysis an evaluation of durability of concrete structures in weirs built since 1975 on the Odra river has been made. ...
These issues concern a section of the Lower Oder River which is approximately 110 km long, as well as the Lake Dąbie. They are jointly addressed by the two neighbouring countries. The key objective of the modernisation is to improve the conditions for navigation on the whole border section of the Oder River. It is supposed to ensure minimum depths of about 1.8 m at minimum firm flows in the Oder River, equal to 228 m3·s-1 on the section from the outlet of the Warta River to Widuchowa and 151 m3·s-1 from the outlet of the Lusatian Neisse River to the outlet of the Warta River. Another important objective is to improve the efficiency of ice-breaking operations and thus mitigate the risks caused by ice jamming. The channel of the Oder River was regulated in early 19th century with the use of a system of spurs located on both river banks. The regulation structures did not ensure the expected channel stability and navigable depths. In 1924–1941 corrections were made to the river regulation system with the use of spurs for the socalled low water level, however the efforts have never been completed. The crowns, heads and main bodies of the ...
In the paper the results of carried out technical state and safety opinion of hydro- engineering structure “Bobrowice I” on the Bóbr river were presented. The attention have been paid on the structure exploitation conditions and capacity ability of the weir and the bottom outlet. Problem of sedimentation of the upper reservoir was considered. It was suggested that not every the safety limit is the technical state of the main structure such as weir or the dam. Sometimes its limit are determining by quite different conditions such as lack of possibilities to open the bottom outlet or carrying out reconditioning works on the structure. The influence of such situation on the safety of structure and potential treatment on the ground lying below, was underlined. ...
The paper presents results of laboratory investigations of temperature change influence on CEM III/A 32,5 NW/NA portland cement paste setting start and end time. Experiments were performed on pastes of water-cement ratio equal 0,25 – 0,29; 0,35; 0,45; 0,55 at temperature equal 0°C, +5°C, +10°C, +20°C. Strong thermosensitivity of the tested cement pastes was clearly found, that was evidenced by increase of both setting start and setting end time. The empirical relations between the cement paste setting time and curing temperature and watercement ratio were established. ...
The muds settled in the Lake Dąbie have visco-plastic properties. They contain many organic matter and are polluted by sewage from communities and industry. The presence of this substances changes clearly the dynamic properties of the fine grained material, as well the conditions of sedimentation and resuspension of solid particles. An important navigation way is located in the lake Dąbie with following parameters: length 14.5 km, width 150 m and guaranteed depth 3.2 m. This way is periodically deepened by dredgers. The authors have performed a preliminary estimation of the physical and rheological features of mud samples from the Lake Dąbie in the region of the navigation way. The thickness of the mud layer is equal 3–5 m. The fine grined sediments have a liquid consistency, and their water content is equal to some 300- 500%. The nominal granulometric size d50 changes between 12–15 μm for superficial muds and between 44-95 μm for bottom muds, and the organic matter content varies between 10 – 30%. The studies on rheological features of organic sediments proved that they behave as non-newtonian liquids. Their behaviour can be described by the twoparameter rheological model of Bingham. ...
The risk is an elementary category of safety of technical systems operation. The safety of water supply system (WSS) functioning should be examined interdisciplinary in the scope of drinking water health as well as quality and quantity of natural water resources. There are three basic safety barriers of water supply system: prevention, security and counteraction. These barriers make serial structure and reduce the risk associated with public water pipe. Compensation and reduction methodology of integrated risk in the safety-health-environment system has been presented. Based on this, the basic rules of critical management have been formulated to the effect of stocks and society preparation for the case of undesirable event occurrence which caused threat to life, restore, environment and infrastructure. ...
In this study characteristics of drilled wells and artesian waters taken from them that occured in the formations of Quaternary period, Miocene period, paleoStefan Satora 168 gene, Oligocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic and Carboniferous period of Małopolska province, was presented. The artesian waters taken from 116 drilled wells with depth from about 14,5 (Quaternary) to 5261,0 m (Oligocene) and unitary capacity from 0,001(Jurassic) to 375,0 (Triassic) m3·h-1·m-1 were characterised by artesian pressure from 2,0 up to 3021,0 m H2O and useful pressure from 0,1 up to 245,0 m H2O. The highest artesian and useful pressures were found in wells taken from clastic, flysh Oligocene layers of Interior Carpathian, and the lowest – in wells the was recharged by sandy-gravel of formation Quaternary. The highest amount of artesian wells on the studied area, 69 of artesian wells that constituted about 42,6% of all, is recharged by carbonate measures of Mesozoic era. ...
In the 70-ties and 80-ties the river training was done in the Nida River. The river itself near Pińczów was shortened and the new channel was created. After the old channel near MOSiR recreational center was widened and deepened, the pińczowski reservoir was build in 1973 and then modernized in 80-ties. On east-southern in the place where in the past was a bridge in Nida River there is a district road running. At present the outflow culvert is localized there from which the water passes to the trapezoidal channel and then to the old channel. Finally the part of the water goes on the wetlands and the rest, below Pińczów, back to the Nida River. The length of the outflow channel is in total about 1.3 km, and the slope varies from 0.16 to 0.37 promiles. The water flows to the reservoir from the river by the side intake and stays there in average of 8 days. The projected retention period is about 5-6 days, and the time estimated on basis of current measurements of morphological, biological and water quality parameters should not exceed 2-3 days. Presently it is not possible because the outflow culvert was done without according to ...
The paper presents current technical state of the weir and its impact on the conditions of high water flow. Fixed weir at 37+300 km on the River Uszwica situated at Brzesko town has been the investigated object. The spillway of the weir was modeled according to Creager curve. A water intake for the nearby Okocim Brewery owned by Carlsberg company is situated within the influence of the weir damming section. The existing weir was constructed in 1913 by count Goetz. The technical state of the construction was assessed on the basis of an inventory conducted in 2005. It revealed that concrete elements of the structure are in good technical condition, despite some damage on the lower site composed of “stepping stone” and concrete slab of the outlet. Damage formed on the joints of these two elements and on the side walls of the weir does not affect water flow conditions. A scour hole has formed below the slab of the outlet which gradually uncovers the slab founded on coarse sands and gravel susceptible to washing out. Determined was also the weir capacity by computing the flow discharge for bankfull discharge of the weir equal to its side walls on the ...
The paper describes a comparison measured results and calculated velocity and turbulence intensity in downstream of weir. Investigations were conducted on model of the tired construction with outflow over gate, stilling pool and horizontal protection behind apron. Measure section were located on axial plane of channel. Measurements of velocity were executed on flat, horizontal bed and eroded bed. To measurements was used PEMS probe of registering temporary horizontal component value of vector of velocity. Results of measured characteristics of turbulence was compared from calculated by CFD Fluent program. To calculation model k-ε standard was used. Results obtained using these models were examined. In general, flowfields, velocities and turbulence predicted by FLUENT showed close agreement with relevant experimental results. ...
The balance of Dąbie Lake water has been analysed in three ways: as daily balance, averaged balance in a decade calculated on the basis of Regalica river flows determined by Mikulski and Ostapska-Bojanowicz (1965), and the water balance based on flows in water-courses reaching Dąbie lake, which has been determined using the model of lower Odra steady flow (Buchholz 1991). The method based on Odra river hydraulic model has turned out to be most important in the examination of Dąbie lake water balance. The share of Regalica river in the general inflow to the lake (calculated on the basis of this model) is 73,5%, (6557,8 millions m3), Orli Przesmyk canal has 23,9% (2135,3 millions m3), drainage area contribution is 2,3 % (205,5 millions m3) and precipitation brings 0.33% (29.3 millions m3). The outflow is shared by Iński Nurt canal (84%, 7503,2 millions m3), Babina (15,63%, 1395,5 millions m3) and evaporation – 0,33% (29,9 millions m3). Total inflow in the average year of multi-year period is 8927,9 millions m3 of water. On the basis on 1948-1990 period it has been calculated that on average 65 water exchanges take place in the lake yearly. ...
The paper regards the possibility of using fine-grained power industry wastes (fly ashes) or coal mining wastes (post-flotation sludges) for flood embankments sealing. Owing to the fact, that those are hydraulic embankments, and they are subjected periodically to the influence of water, they should meet requirements prescribed to this type of structures, referring mainly to the stability and leak tightness. An analysis of granulation, water permeability and compactibility of chosen fly ashes and coal mining sludges in the aspect of their applying as sealing screens in flood embankments was carried out in the paper. It was stated that using fly ashes or coal mining sludges for sealing the embankments is efficacious, since it contributes to getting the value of permeability coefficient in the order of 10-7–10-8 m·s-1, that is less than the required one (k < 10-6 m·s-1) for the materials used for hydraulic embankments. ...
The analysis of flow and river bed conditions of the Vistula River on section km 599-600 km are presented in the paper. That section of the river has not been regulated yet. River bed is irregular with numerous islands and rich vegetation. Due to nature value of the river section the nature reserve “Kępa Antonińska” was established there. The river causes a risk of erosion of flood protection embankments. However, technical solutions for improving of river bed stability can not be applied there due to requirements of environmental protection. The analysis of solutions suggested by naturalists indicated that are not considering in satisfactorily degree the specific of fluvial processes. Application of those solutions will lead to deterioration of morphological condition in river bed on the nature reserve area. ...
Forest surfaces, under which the exploitation of the hard bituminous coal takes place with “the infarction of the ceiling" method are the object of this work. The scope of research includes the surface of 6.2 square km of Zacisze and Ksiazenice forestries at the Forestry Commission Rybnik, located in the Mining Area of the Szczyglowice and Knurów coal mines. The applied way of extracting coal causes settling of the mountain base and transformations of forest surfaces. They manifest themselves mainly: with different deformations of the surface, development of hollows, inundated areas, as well as with changes in the natural-woody environment. The changes which are taking place are seriously curbing the possibilities of leading rational forest management on these areas. There is a most urgent need of creating a comprehensive way of redeveloping forests located in the mining areas. The plan of forest redevelopment will be based on the present and future changes of forest surfaces occurring under the influence of coal exploitation. This work shows methodology and research findings of forest surface transformations located in the zone of post exploitation descent of Szczygłowice and Knurów coal mines. Areas of intense transformations of forest surfaces were also outlined until the year ...
Paper concerns the investigations of riverbed sediments in the meandering sector of the Border Odra, In the frame of meander I. As a result of fluvial processes the Odra riverbed is exposed to deformations, leading to often changes of the river itinerary. In the historical time, many meander breaks were registered, the last in 1967 (Meander IV) and in 1997 (Meander I). In the old river bed the discharge is gradually decreasing and the substantial part of the discharge is flowinging through the new channel. It leads to gradual silting of the old river part. The intensive formation of bars and of islands is observed. In the upper part of the old meander, mainly the bed load is deposed, and in the middle and lower part – the suspended load. The superficial part of the layer (cover) is exposed to the formation of pavement. The size of the pavement cover is equal 8,4–9,8 cm, and the granulometry of the lower layer (20–40 cm) equal to d50 = 2,3–2,9 cm. The islands formed by fine sediments were covered in 3-4 years by intensive vegetation (trees and bushes). This process causes an important decreasing of flow velocity in the old channel. The ...
According to existing regulations all of the tasks connected with the water flood protection within the Malopolska province are in heads of the deputy speaker of the province. This could be done trough the special units which operate within the province. In the Małopolska province the responsible unit is called Malopolski Zarzad Melioracji i Urzadzen Wodnych – shortly MZMUW. MZMUW in Kraków carriers on some preventative tasks as well as interactions tasks before, within an after flooding. The tools which are applied one can divide into technical and not technical tools. The main problem which raises up connected with flooding protection of the province is drastically low level of financial support to carry on the task. ...
The regulated weirs are the high river bars constructed across to channel axis, which overfall crest is situated within the range from 0,5 m to 2,0 m, at level of down stage. These weirs are constructed in rivers and mountain streams, and characterized usually of relatively deep channel intersection, which make impossible application of the by-pass channels for fish. The only solution is then fishway located at the weir width. Fish passed can be occupy the all weir width and then it creates the stone ramp, changing the function of the weir rapid. So as, to keep the previous function of weir, the fish passage is constructed as riverbed connecting the upper and the lover station, as an half-timbered fish passed. In the paper has been presented the own design of the half-timbered fish passed (combination of the rapid and chamber fish passed). The proposed type of the fish passed has been exposed to the laboratory studies on model in the scale of 1:10. Basing oneself on the results of model studies, two half-timbered fish passed have been designed and realized in streams of the Sudety plateau. ...
Apparent diversification of the malopolskie province area in respect of its topography and unequal financial resources at the disposal of individual communes and districts may determine the level of their infrastructure development. At present, when Poland became the European Union member state and entered its financing structures, spatial development of the infrastructural potential is affected by the activities of local self governments. Intensive development and modernization of infrastructure favour local concentration of communes with high values of the indicator. Technical infrastructure is an element strictly connected with space and its level is affected by social, financial and human factors, which provides a basis for an analysis of the influence of local spaces on its development or lack of it. In the article local diversification of communes was made using Local Moran’s Ii statistics. Local statistics my verify whether a commune is surrounded by neighbouring objects (communes) with similar or various values of analyzed variable in relation to random distribution of these values in space. It allows for identification of spatial effects of an agglomeration. Such analysis of local indicators of spatial association LISA was suggested by Anselin [Anselin 1995]. The article aims at presentation of local indicators of spatial dependencies ...
Autocorrelation is a branch of statistics dealing with an analysis of spatial data and with further description and investigation of spatial phenomena. Methods of spatial statistics are also called explorative spatial data analysis – ESDA. Spatial statistics are an efficient method to identify the dependence of individual phenomenon occurrence on geographical space. Measures of spatial autocorrelations show the dependence of variables in respect of spatial localization. Spatial correlation (positive autocorrelation) allows to determine that intensification of a given phenomenon is more perceivable in the adjoining objects than in located far away from one another. Two types of measures are used by spatial statistics: global and local measures. The Authors used a global measure to illustrate the spatial dependence of water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure occurrence. The global measure was computed using R CRAN program. The global measure of Moran’s I statistics was computed for various spatial weight matrices. The data for analysis, evidencing the state of water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure in 2005, were obtained from the Main Statistical Office in Krakow. Moran’s I statistics allows to identify global autocorrelation measures in spatial objects with reference to the assumed weight matrix. The global measure is a one number ...
