Zeszyt: 2006, vol. 3 / 4 / 3
At present one of the most important problems of water management in accordance with requirements of Water Frame Directive (WFD) is counteract of worsen on water bodies condition and to end of year 2015 achievement good conditions all waters. For surface water “good state” be appointed by “the good ecological state”. Ecological conditions accordance with FWD determined biological quality elements, helped by hydromorphological and physics – chemical quality elements. It to it fully match the requirements the FWD to assessment of quality of surfers waters was one should introduce hydromorphological assessment. It in many European countries, in this also in Poland, the row of methods was has worked out was taking into account the integrated methods of assessment of quality rivers. Methods these by biological component and phisics – chemical the structural features of surface waters take into account in this: hydrological regime, continuity of river, morphological conditions. In article will be introduced applied in countries of European Union the comparison of methods with applied in Poland in the light of recommendations the FWD and standards of CEN. ...
The Smortawa River, the right-hand sided tributary of the Odra River, is a typical lowland river which sources are located at 175 m a.s.l. south-east from town Namysłów. The mouth is located in km223–350 of Odra River, on 124 m a.s.l. near town Jelcz. In the lower and upper course the river is improved and in the middle course it has kept its natural character. At present according to Water Frame Directive and Polish Water Law we are obliged to create an assessment of ecological state of rivers. One of elements of this assessment is the analysis of hydromorphological parameters variability as supporting parameters for biological assessment. In the article the characteristic of hydromorphological parameters by polish methods of Ilnicki and Lewandowski are are introduced. They describe the changes of these parameters on every separete research section. Moreover with the help of the probability analysis by the Ward method, the similarity is estimated among studied hydromorphological parameters. ...
Poland as a member of European Union was obligated to implement the Water Framework Directive. One of main purposes which are contained in the Directive is to achieve a good water status until 2015. In order to identifying ecological and chemical water status results of monitoring measures will be used. The assessment of ecological status understanding as a degree of deviation from representative value of parameters is performed by using reference conditions. Initial reference conditions for each among 25 types in Poland, which were established as part of river typology were performed by using data from monitoring points, historic data and experts opinions. Heavily modified river water bodies and artificial water bodies were destignated and it were determined-taking into account impacts and pressures-water bodies at risk in achievement the good status in 2015 9according to WFD). In harmony with regulations of WFD, as part of river typology, initial abiotic characteristic (hydromorphological and physicochemical quality elements) was established and a trial of biological verification of reference conditions, with detailed biological quality elements, was performed. Designated values of reference conditions are the base to assess ecological status of particular river, which allows among others to establish degree of river natural state and ...
In the paper the chosen, european methods of (hydro)morphological assessment of rivers ware characterized from the point of view of their application range. Results of the initial assessment of the Stradomka river, done using the method based on pressures and impacts analysis ware presented. The aim of this method is to indicate the water bodies at risk of failing to meet the objectives defined in the Water Framework Directive. The problems which arose during the experimental application of the River Habitat Survay method are presented too. The RHS method was used to determine the hydromorphological class of the Stradomka river. At the end the conclusions from this experiment are listed. The basic questions which should be answered before applying River Habitat Survey method to the conditions of mountain rivers and streams are formulated too. ...
Poland, as a member state of European Union, is obliged to implement Union Directives, aimed at achieving good ecological state of the environment. Which conforms to standards of EU member states. Sulejow Reservoir is a source of drinking water for Lodz Agglomeration in which severe symptoms of eutrophication have been observed. High catchment surface to reservoir surface ratio and agricultural use of catchment (64% of surface) result in high loads of sediments and nutrients (phosphorus among others) reaching the reservoir through the Pilica River. The aim of this paper is better understanding of processes of the suspended sediment transport by the Pilica River during low and high discharges. For an analysis methods offered by statistical pattern recognition theory has been used. ...
With the financial support of the European Union, as part of the Twinning Project PHARE PL/IB/2001/EN/02 "Implementation of NATURA 2000 Network in Poland", management plans of selected sites within the NATURA 2000 network have been prepared. The project was carried out by IUCN with considerable support from the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development and the Polish Ministry of the Environment. Part of this project, apart from preparing plans of management of selected pilot areas within the NATURA 2000 network, was preparing methodological tools for area management. Among other things, programmes have been prepared for the management of two existing sites: a bird site “The Małopolska Vistula Gap” (PLB140006) and a habitat site “The Zwolenka River Valley” (PLH140006) as well as a planned habitat site “The Vistula Gap in Małopolska. The following strategic aims in protecting habitats and species have been formulated:
1. Sustaining natural processes that shape the Vistula Valley, maintaining suitable habitat conditions for ecosystems to function, especially maintaining and, if necessary, recreating appropriate water relations as well as maintaining the high quality and appropriate physico-chemical composition of local waters.
2. In forest ecosystems and plantings in the Vistula Valley the main strategic aim is sustaining or re-naturisation of ...
Restoration of rivers self-purification ability is an important part of the efforts to improve surface waters quality both in Poland and in the world. River regulation works are indifferent neither for the environment nor for the ecosystem of the river, as they change the ability of river waters self-purification. This article presents results of researches on changes of oxygenation and BZT5, as well as water temperature and pH in the hydrological year 2003/04 on regulated and unregulated parts of the Smortawa River. In the progress of the research, conditions of self-purification of the river have been assessed. ...
Riverline woodland habitats are extremely valuable in terms of ecology, and many of them are included to the Natura 2000 network. Unfortunately, in recent decades water conditions on these areas have considerably changed, what is causing their degradation. For that reason, studies on differentiation of habitats determined by variable water conditions in flading areas have been curried out. The case study was Oława-Lipki flood polder, covered with forest. This article presents an analysis of water and habitat conditions executed in years 1997–2000. ...
The aim of the study was presentation of results of ecomorphological evaluation of Canal Mosiński, based on field investigations. The pioneer field method was applied, it was worked out in Department of Environmental Protection and Management, Agricultural University in Poznań in 1995. The investigations were performed within over 22 km long section of Canal Mosiński, the left tributary of Warta river. The object was divided in 37 homogeneous sections which, one by one, were analyzed by taking into consideration the morphometrical and hydrographic features as well as physical and chemical quality of water. The results pointed at low ecomorphological value of water-course (IV category of naturalness). The object in majority was classified to IV and III category. Only short fragments in lower and upper run were classified under category II. ...
The assessment of hydromorphological state of the Mosinski Canal with review method was the aim of this work. Moreover the received results from review method were compared with results of field method. Realizing main aim, to assess the hydromorphological state of water-course, the German review method (LAWA 2002) was chosen. The part of canal (on distance 15,9 km) which was investigated lies between bridge on road Głuchowo–Steszew, and it's estuary to the Warta River. In this study the similarities and differences in opinion of water-course between review and field method were shown. Both methods were verified in the context of theoretical assumptions, assessment precision and possibility of applying in monitoring of hydromorphological state of surface waters. In spite of differences in partial opinion, general assessment in both cases classified water-course to the same IV category of naturalness ...
The article presents the influence of precipitation sewage discharge on the hydrology and chemism of small streams. Catchment areas of small streams such as the Jamna river, the Mleczna river and Murckowski trench located within Upper- Silesian Industrial Area were chosen to be subjects of the research. It has been proved that precipitation sewage discharge to rivers contributes to dynamic changes of water chemism. They are the consequence of both the sewage quality itself and resuspention processes releasing polluted deposits into water. It is due to the downwash of salt used in winter to remove ice from roads. Erosional processes become more intensive as well leading to the transformation of cross-sections of river beds. In case of the Jamna river repeated increase in the area of the river bed cross-section in comparison with the period before intensive urbanisation of the catchment area took place. In case of a small stream – Murckowski trench (Katowice) the lowering of river bed bottom below the outlet of main precipitation sewage pipe reached 1.5m. ...
As follows from a number of scientific works, water reservoirs are subjected to sedimentation at a higher or lower intensity requiring in consequence, after a time, desedimentation and renovation. There are several ways of desedimentation but the problem remains what to do with the sediments removed fro the bottom. This depends on the quality of bottom sediments, their ecological state and, first of all, of their chemical properties (especially of heavy metal content). Chemical properties of sediments may depend on the reservoir location whether in anthropogenic transformed territories or in ecologically undisturbed ones. In the paper results of works on chemical composition of sediments of some chosen small water reservoirs were compared. Subsequently these compared with fish pond and granulometric composition and its variability on bottom area, content of organic particles and presence of six basic heavy metals and their distribution in reservoir were examined. An attempt at mathematical relation between granulometric composition and heavy metals and between the percentage relation between organic particles and heavy metals was undertaken. The possibility of agricultural utilization of sediments after removal from the bottom was determined on the basis of the tables of permissible chemical soil pollution. ...
The article presents a hydrochemical characteristic of precipitation sewage in an urbanised catchment area. Water samples were taken at the outlet of the sewage pipe to a retention water reservoir located in Czeladź (Silesian province). Precipitation sewage were taken during spring thaw and in summer when there were heavy rainfalls during storms. It has been proved that precipitation sewage is featured by a high level of pollution both with mineral substances and biogenic elements. Besides, thaw sewage is of very high conductivity (fig. 1) reaching even 7 mS/cm. Such high conductivity results mainly from a high concentration of chlorides (fig. 3). Their source is salt used in winter to remove ice from roads. Both in spring and in summer the most polluted was the first flow of precipitation sewage washing down all the pollutants covering the catchment area. ...
Detailed hydrological and biological studies were carried out in 2002-2005 on chosen, typical reaches of Wkra River, representing middle-sized lowland one. The results show that the biodiversity of the riverbed does not depend on the fact of river regulation as itself, but on the presence of unique, repeatable microhabitats of peculiar hydromorphological parameters. The relationships between the microhabitat types and invertebrate taxa were analysed. The paper shows the results of those analyses and the divagations about possible connections of microhabitats, invertebrates and mosaic of river eco-systems. ...
To ensure that the agri-environmental programmes work efficiently in Koszalin county, a high level of involvement and effort from administrators, scientists, environmental organisations, agricultural advisory centres and, most importantly, beneficiaries/farmers is required. There is no doubt that the National Agri- Environmental Programme constitutes an essential change in the system of environmental protection in our country, because it assumes that the farmer can successfully actively protect the environment on his own land. From hereon environmental protection is no longer the exclusive domain of office workers and foresters. It is important that active environmental protection exceeds the borders of protected areas – national parks and reserves. Managers of these areas as well farmers will need money to carry out active environmental protection. Such means are provided by the National Agri-Environmental Programme. ...
The respiration rate activity in the soil were examined in the vegetative season in 2005 in the Kurówka River basin in three transects comprising twenty four sites. The transects were developed from the terrain elevation towards the Kurówka River and covered arable lands with rye and wheat, shrub and meadow communities, sedge rushes, and willow shrubs. On the study area sandy and clay soil with organic soil on the Kurówka River floodplain The plant communities were investigated using the commonly applied method of Braun-Blanquet including modifications by Matuszkiewicz (2001). In arbitrarily selected points, phytosociological 32 releves were executed. Nomenclature of species was taken from the Checklist of vascular plants of Poland (Mirek et al. 1995). The respiration rate activity in the soil was examined using the OxiTop® - Control system (WTW). The results were determined as the amount of oxygen consumption taken by aerobic organisms in the soil samples incubated during 12 hours in 20. Organic matter level were examined by Ostrowska et al. method (1991) Preliminary results of the respiration rate activity show that damp sites, characterised by a high respiration rate, comprised fresh and damp meadows (with dominant Glyceria maxima and Phragmites australis) in the summer and autumn ...
As natural river-courses, according to the Act on Water Law (Dz.U. 2005.239.2019 (U)), are recognized: rivers, streams, brooks or other waters, flowing continually or periodically, in their natural river-beds. Urbanized water–courses, in turn, constitute streams and brooks, of draining character, within city areas (Osmulska- Mróz, 1990). Their average daily rate of flow is not higher than 1,5 m3/s, and maximum ratio of breadth to depth equals 20:1. The urbanized water courses, often with developed small retention, as a consequence of urbanization, either disappear or become sewers (open or partly covered), transporting pollutions to the greater rivers 169 or water regions. Within their catchments, particularly, takes place the accumulation of heavy metals in bottom sediments. The latter process combined with eutrophisation and increased salinity, causes degradation of ecological potential and extinction of sensitive species of water plants. The Prądnik–Białucha River is an example of such water-courses. In order to assess the quality of water, its pH, EC, Eh and heavy metal contents in water, water suspension matter and bottom sediments, have been determined. The concentration of anions: chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate have also been analyzed. The results obtained were referred to the standards obligatory in Poland and in EU. The ...
Rivers with adjoining valleys are one of the most valuable habitat elements of the landscape. Over the ages human interference has led to various types of transformations in river ecosystems. The necessity of repair works called restoration was noticed. Thus, the need for evaluation of the current state of running water has arisen. Such evaluation should help find the most transformed sections as well as the sections closest to the natural state, which are worth protective interventions. Over the years many original methods were created in different countries. In Poland these were Lewandowski's and Ilnicki's methods and also Oglęcki's and Pawłat's methods. Recently a new method has appeared called RHS, which is an adaptation of British protocol to Polish conditions. This protocol is going to facilitate the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. With the help of these three methodologies the ecomorfological evaluation was conducted among selected reaches of middle Wkra River. The analysis of obtained results has been presented in this paper. ...
Protection of the quality of water resources against pollution of agricultural origin requires multidirectional actions. These include reduction of pollution at its source by introduction, among others, appropriate husbandry in respect of the outbuilding area and arable land. Such actions in agricultural areas are enabled by appropriate agricultural-environmental program packages. They contribute to establishment of constant and sustained development of rural areas by protection of natural environment, natural qualities and cultural heritage. They are also financial tools as remuneration for actions in support of environment protection. This paper discusses the concept of agricultural-environmental programs, particularly considering packages that favour water protection. 188 As exampled by the catchment area of Brzózki water reservoir located in the catchment area of the Pratwa River in Opole Province, advancement of execution of packages for water protection was subject to a quantity and surface analysis. It was demonstrated that the largest surface share in the reservoir catchment area in execution of the package “water and soil protection” is contributed by large agricultural companies (with area over 50 ha). None of the analysed agricultural-environmental applications included the package “buffer zones.” On the basis of the investigation of the reservoir catchment area, it was determined that the ...
Study on the water quality of the Pisia–Gągolina river, one of the most interesting environmental object, was carried out. Samples of water for chemical research was taken twice a year: winter and in spring. Physical and chemical parameters of water quality were determined in comparison with legal requirement for five quality class of surface water. The most impact on water pollution has concentration of phosphate, dissolved oxygen and amonium. The concentration of dissolved oxygen depended on season and place of sampling. Present level of reservuares water contamination indicates eutrophication of river. ...
