The field experiment was conducted in the years 2006–2008 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates and starch, percentage of de-formations, green tubers, common scab infection) different fertilization doses of solid and liquid nitrogen form (fertigation) applied to the soil. The objects were divided on: irrigated and non irrigated. Drip irrigation method was applied in this experiment. The nitrogen dose in fertigation form was established by using com-puter program DSS (Decision Support System). The nitrogen in fertigation form was applied in following doses: year of 2006 – 57,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2007 – 31,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2008 – 39,7 kg•ha-1. The doses of water (year of 2006 – 110,3 mm, year of 2007 – 20,0 mm, year of 2008 – 68,9 mm) and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. The control was object without fertiliza-tion of NPK and without irrigation. The significant highest yield of tubers was obtained on the irrigated object where dose of 150 kg•ha-1N was applied. The yield of tubers on irrigated object ...
Field experiment was done in Agriculture Experiment Station Lipki near Szczecin. As objects of studies were 1, 8, 9 and 10 years old blueberry plants cul-tivated on the acid brown soil belong to good rye complex. Before planting be-tween the rows of plants 10 cm layer of sawdust obtained from coniferous trees was spread and mixed with the soil. Growth and yielding of two varieties ‘Spartan’ and ‘Patriot’ irrigated and not irrigated. Plants were irrigated using dropping lines with emitters collocated every 30 cm with total efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1. Tensiometers show the need of irri-gation. Field and plants were irrigated when soil suction power was bigger than 0,01 MPa. Every year blueberry plants were fertilized with 60 kg N.ha-1 and doses of P and K depended on their concentration in soil. Total doses of water used for irrigation depended on yearly precipitation equal in 2005y. – 128 mm, 2006y. – 300 mm, 2007y. – 400 mm and in 2008y. – 200mm. Blueberry cv. ‘Spartan’ was more productive (9,62 t.ha-1) than ‘Patriot’ (8,3 t.ha-1). As effect of supplemental irrigation average crop of ‘Patriot’ variety increased by 8,36 t.ha-1 and ‘Spartan’ by 7,94 t.ha-1. Weight of 1000 fruits ...
Field experiments was carried in ES Lipnik belonging to Western Pomera-nia University of Technology in Szczecin. Blueberry cv. ‘Patriot’ was cultivated in th years of 2000-2008 on the acid brown soil which is belong to IVb soil class. The soil was characterized by small amount of nutrient availability of phospho-rus and potassium and low acid reaction. Blueberry was cultivated in different water conditions: O-control (without supplemental irrigation), W- irrigated ob-jects. Plants were irrigated using dropping line with efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1 keeping soil moisture on the level of 0,01 MPa, registered by tensiometers. Also in these studies productivity of two and ten years old blueberry plants treated or not with supplemental irrigation were evaluated. Average crop of berries harvested in this experiment equal 7,61 t.ha-1 (tab.3). Yield from not irrigated plots equal only 4,92 t.ha-1. It appeared that sup-plemental irrigation gave proper soil moisture for blueberries and the good yield and the amount of used water particularly in June and July depended on natural precipitation. As effect of supplemental irrigation the average crop of berries equal 5,38 t.ha-1 and was 109,2% bigger comparing to control (without supple-mental irrigation). Productive effect of drip irrigation was in full correlation with amount ...
Field experiments were done in 2002–2004 on sandy soil. Crop productivity of cherry (cv. ‘Kelleris’ i ‘Łutówka’) was tested on different water regime (O – con-trol, W – under-crown- irrigation) and various level of nitrogen doses: 0NPK, 1NPK – 130kg N.ha-1 (40+ 30+60), 2NPK – 260 kg N.ha-1 (80+60+120). The ex-periment was designe by split-plot method in 7 replications. Among the trees was the lawn but in the rows the selective herbicide was used. Irrigation was applied when tensiometer show that potential of soil water was lower than 0,01 MPa. De-pending on rainfall the amount of supplemental irrigation equel 27,5–61,3 mm of water during vegetation period. The paper also presents the results of study on the effect of rainfall and total irrigation rates during vegetation on the content N, P, K,Ca, Mg, sugar, vit. C and dry matter of cherry. The cultivars had similar production capabilities. Irrigation significantly increased the yield, by 1,96 t.ha-1 (36,5%). The highest yield of cherry (6,78 t.ha-1) was obtained from plants, which had been fertilized with 260kg N.ha-1. After three years of the research the content of N, P, Mg, sugar, vitamin C in fruit decreased compare to control plots. Higher mineral fertilization caused ...
On the basis of research done in the Department and literature data, indicesof optimal precipitation and water needs of selected crops (cereals, root plantsand papilionaceae) have been determined. It was found that both insufficient andexcessive precipitation affected yield adversely. It caused the following decreasesin yields: cereals 2-27 and 3-21%, potato 4-45 and 3-30%, sugar beetroot 2-43and 14-19%, fodder beet 16-73 and 8-28%, legumes 5-42 and 21-40%, and papilionaceae3-34%, respectively.Productivity of 1 mm water from precipitation was higher compared withproductivity induced by sprinkling. The calculated index of productivity for waterfrom sprinkling relative to water from precipitation was in the range 40-90%.Sprinkling increased the yield of winter wheat and spring barley by 20%,spring wheat by 25%, potato 47 and 55%, and sugar beet 10-40%. ...
Field experiment was done in Agriculture Experiment Station Lipki near Szczecin. As objects of studies were 8, 9,10 and 11 years old blueberry plants cul-tivated on the acid brown soil belong to good rye complex. Before planting between the rows of plants 10 cm layer of sawdust obtained from coniferous trees was spread and mixed with the soil. Evaluated growth and yielding of two varieties ‘Spartan' and ‘Patriot' irrigated and not irrigated. Plants were irrigated using dropping lines with emitters collocated every 30 cm with total efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1. Tensiometers show the need of irrigation. Field and plants were irrigated when soil suction power was bigger than -0,01 MPa. Every year blueberry plants were fertilized with 60 kg N.ha-1 and doses of P and K depended on their concen-tration in soil. Total doses of water used for irrigation depended on yearly pre-cipitation equal in 2006y.-300 mm, 2007y.- 40 mm and in 2008y. - 200 mm, 2009y.-127,5 mm Blueberry cv. ‘Spartan' was more productive (10,84 t.ha-1) than ‘Patriot' (9,68 t.ha-1). As effect of supplemental irrigation average crop of ‘Patriot' variety increased by 8,65 t.ha-1 and ‘Spartan' by 8,54 t.ha-1. Weight of 1000 fruits depended on variety, year of cultivation and ...
A field experiment was carried out from 2007-2009 at the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities greenhouse complex in Siedlce. The trial was set up as randomized blocks with three replications. In the experiment was investigated the effect of method of AgroHydroGel application (control, AgroHydroGel applied under seedlings, AgroHydroGel applied under plants in the field, half of the AgroHydroGel rate applied under seedlings, the other half under plants in the field) and cultivar (‘Gabi', ‘Delikates Biała', ‘Wiedeńska Biała') on the yield level and quality of kohlrabi grown in the field under the weather conditions of central-eastern Poland. Kohlrabi seedlings were grown in a non-heated greenhouse. The seeds each cultivars were sown in late March to seedling containers with peat substrate amended with AgroHydroGel or peat substrate only. The kohlrabi was harvested two times at 7-10 days intervals, at a minimum bulb diameter of 3 cm. The beginning of harvest was after 50-51 days from the planting of seedlings. There was found that weather conditions in the study years had significant influence on the yield level, average weight and bulb diameter as well as on the nutrient contents in the kohlrabi bulb. The most favourable on the increase of yield of ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation of highbush blueberry using different types of irrigation schemes. The experiment was conducted in 2009 - 2012 on 5 cultivars: ‘Bluecrop', ‘Chandler', 'Duke', ‘Nelson', ‘Spartan'. The irrigation treatments were as follows: (i) control (without irrigation), (ii) one drip line per row of plants (100%, reference water amount determined according to tensiometer readings), (iii) two drip lines per row of plants (125% of reference water amount), (iv) drip irrigation - two drip lines per row of plants (200% of reference water amount). In 2009 and 2010 the highest total length of one-year-old shoots was observed in the plants from control combination. In 2011 the number and total length of shoots in the all irrigation treatments was higher compared to the non-irrigated one. This was confirmed in 2012. The highest plant vigor was observed in case of ‘Bluecrop' and ‘Nelson' cultivars, whereas the lowest for ‘Chandler'. Yielding of blueberry was very varied. Only in 2012 the total yield obtained from irrigated plants was higher compared to the control ones. Among the cultivar tested, the highest yield was recorded for ‘Chandler', while the lowest one for ‘Spartan'. Fruits of ‘Chandler' cultivar ...
The aim of the study was to determine of the influence of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation on the quantity and quality of yield of selected medium early potato cultivars. Field experiments were conducted on the soil classified to IVb valuation class and good rye complex in 2001-2003 at Kosobudy (Community of Brusy), Pomerania Voivodeship. Effective useful retention in the soil layer of con-trolled moisture (0-40 cm) amounted 29,5 mm.The experiments were carried out with two-factorial split-plot design, with four replications. The first-row factor was irrigation: O - control plots (without irrigation), K - drip-irrigated plots, D sprinkler-irrigated plots. The second-row factor: medium early potato cultivars: Barycz, Mors, Triada. The dose of cattle manure (35 t∙ha-1) was applied in autumn (before winter plowing). Fertilization with P and K amounted: 80 kg P2O5∙ha-1 and 140 kg K2O∙ha-1, respectively. Ni-trogen fertilization was used with dose 90 kg N∙ ha-1. Irrigation was conducted according to soil water potential measured by tensiometers (-0,03 MPa). The use of irrigation significantly increased the marketable tuber yield.There were no significant differences between potato yields obtained from sprinkler-irrigated plots and those from drip-irrigated plots. From among cultivars tested, Triada gave significantly higher marketable tuber yields than ...
In this research which was carried out inSuleymanDemirel University Re-search and Application Farm during 2007 and 2008 years, apple leaf area index (LAI) and leaf water potential (LWP) were observed in Jersey Mac (V1) and Wil-liams Pride (V2) young apple varieties budded on M9 rootstock irrigated with dif-ferent irrigation methods. Drip (D), subsurface drip (SD), surface (S) and under-tree micro sprinkler (M) irrigation methods were used in the research. The amount of applied irrigation water was as much as 100% of Class A Pan evaporation measured during five days irrigation intervals. The amount of irrigation water was ranged between 348.3 (D, SD) - 1186 (S, M) mm depending on irrigation methods during the experimental years. Fur-thermore, maximum and minimum crop evapotranspiration values were determined as 426.1 (DV2) and 1334.7 (MV2) mm respectively.LAI values related to treatments ranged from 0.32 to 0.52 in 2007, 0.73 to 1.12 in 2008. LAI values increased by approximately 126.3% for all treatments. In both years, generally, the highest LAI values were observed in drip irrigation (D) for both varieties. Linear correlation (r=0.99, n=16) was obtained between fruit yields and leaf area index (LAI) values of the apple trees. Leaf water potential (LWP) measurements were repeated ...
In 2007-2009, at the Experimental Agricultural Station in Lipnik near Stargard Szczeciński, a field experiment was performed on acid brown soil of the good wheat complex. This soil in the topsoil contained 8.2 g kg-1 of organic C, had a slightly acid reaction and a low contents of available forms of P (30.1 mg kg-1) and K (45 mg kg -1). During the growing season the ground water level re-mained below 3.0 m.The aim of the studies was to compare the yield potentials of corn and two hybrids of sweet sorghum cultivated in conditions of various humidity of the light soil. On the plots with and without drop irrigation, sweet sorghum (the Sucrosorgo-506 and Rona-1 varieties) and corn (the variety Oldham FAO-250), of which the latter was the species compared. The times and doses of irrigation were determined based on indications of soil tensiometers. To the irrigation a dropping line of a capacity of 2.4 l h-1 of water and emitters spaced 30 cm apart was used. The combined doses of water depended on the timing and amount of rain-falls and were: in 2007 - 40 mm, in 2008 - 150 mm, in 2009 - 110 mm. The plant density ...
The field experiment was conducted in the years 2010-2012 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare effect on tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates, starch, vitamin C, dry matter and percentage of deformations, green tubers, common scab infection) different variants of lines drip irrigation between rows potato plants localization and conduct of irrigation with nitrogen fertigation. The drip irrigation was conducted of subsurface and drip lines situated on rows of plants (object of B), on surface and drip lines situated in each row space (object of C), every second row space and double irrigated dose of water (object of D). Mineral nitrogen on irrigated objects by broadcasting before of planting of 50 kg.ha-1 and by fertigation of 50 kg.ha-1 (5 treatments to 10 kg.ha-1) was applied to the soil. The control was object (A) without irrigated with nitrogen application in dose of 100 kg.ha-1 by broadcasting before planting. The doses of water and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. When the lines situated by subsurface on rows and drip irrigation with nitrogen fertigation applied increasing ...
The work presents the results of investigations conducted in 2004-2007 to evaluate the residual effect of summer catch crops ploughed as green manures on productive-economic effects of sweet corn cultivation. The experiment was carried out in east-central Poland (52°03'N, 22°33'E). The following summer catch crops were grown: phacelia, amaranth, sunflower, serradella and faba bean. The catch crop seeds were sown in 2004-2006 at three dates: on the 21stJuly, 4th and 18th August. The effect of summer catch crops was compared to FYM applied at the rate of 40 t•ha-1. The catch crops biomass (roots + above ground parts) and FYM were incorporated in the third decade of October. Sweet corn seeds (6 kg•ha-1) were sown in mid-May, in the years 2005-2007, at the between- and inter-row spacing of 65 × 20 cm. Sweet corn ears were hand-harvested at the stage of milk maturity of kernels, at the turn of August and September. During the harvest marketable yield of ears (t•ha-1) and number of marketable ears per 1 ha were determined. Economic evaluation of sweet corn cultivation under diversified organic fertilization was conducted according to the standard gross margin method. The calculation was based on the 2014 prices. The highest yield ...
Nowadays in Poland as well as in many parts of the world a number of research, aiming at comparing the quality of raw material produced by organic and conventional agriculture is being conducted. Relating to that, in this study the size and quality of potato tubers, wheat grains and carrot roots cultivated in two agricultural systems: organic and conventional have been compared. Research has been performed on raw material samples, gathered from five production fields located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivoidship (in years 2010-2012), two of which have been organic while three conventional. The representative samples of plants considered in study were analyzed for the content of: total protein in winter wheat grains and nitrates(V) and starch in the fresh mass of potato tubers and carrot roots. According to obtained results the yield of starch and total protein has been calculated. Conducted studies have proved that the yield and the amount of total protein in carrot roots, wheat grains and potato tuber varied depending on different agricultural system. The highest yield have occurred in conventionally farmed crops. Total protein content was highest in organically farmed carrot roots, while the highest nitrates(V) level was detected in conventionally farmed potato tubers. Wheat ...
Spring frost in the blooming time can be a significant factor decreasing the fruit production and affects the cultivation profitability in the years with unfavourable weather conditions. In Poland, the fruit trees especially susceptible to damage are peach and apricot trees. Among the popular methods of protecting the trees against spring frost damage there are three kinds of treatment: sprinkling irrigation, fogging, smoking and using fans for mixing the layers of air. The costs of applying the particular methods differ, as well as their efficiency. The side effect of using them can be also orchard pollution. The experiment was conducted on selected peach tree cultivars, on two rootstocks. Two methods of spring frost protection were applied: sprinkling irrigation and fogging with the use of glycerin mixed with tap water in proportion 1:10. Sprinkling irrigation proved to be more effective, it protected 98% of blooms. Using the fogging device also brought a satisfying effect. The cultivars that were easily damaged by spring frost were 'Early Redhaven' and 'Cresthaven'. The greatest resistance to bloom damage was observed in the case of the 'Suncrest' and 'Saturn' trees. The yielding of the 'Inka' and 'Early Redhaven' trees protected by sprinkling irrigation was significantly better, ...
The aim of the research conducted in the conditions of Lower Silesia in the years 2012-2016 was to evaluate the growth and yielding of young peach trees cultivated in ridges with drip irrigation. The experiment concerned the flat-fruit peach trees, cultivar Saturn on the Manchurian peach tree seedling, planted in the spring of 2012 in the spacing 4.0 x 1.5 m.In each year the shortage of rainfall was observed, as compared to the years 1997-2000. During the vegetation period, the deficiencies were from -7.3 mm up to - 221.7 mm. The insufficient amount of rainfall was accompanied by the rise of the mean air temperature in the vegetation period by 0.5 - 1.7oC. In the orchard, the drip irrigation in the form of stippling tape T-Tape TSX515-50-380 was applied, with the emitters every 50 cm and the expenditure of 3.8 l per metre in 1 hour. The humidity measurements were being taken from the beginning of May until the end of July with the use of Watermark probes, testing the sucking power of soil at the depth of 20 cm. The irrigation started when the water potential of soil was 30 kPa.During the 4 years, the total yield per hectare ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of four fertigation levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of fertilizer dose, 240:100:200 kg N:P:K ha-1) and to compare with conventional practices (CP). The fertigation levels F1 25% of total fertilizer (60:25:50 kg N:P:K ha-1) treatments, F2 treatment is 50% of total fertilizer (120:50:100 kg N:P:K ha-1), F3 treatment is 75% of total fertilizer (180:75:150 kg N:P:K ha-1), F4 treatment is 100% of total fertilizer (240:100:200 kg N:P:K ha-1). The experiment was conducted during 2012 summer (from 20 June to 15 September) under the field conditions in the Menzilat soil series (Typic Xerofluvents) which is located in the East Mediterranean coastal part of Turkey. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized-block with three replications. The maize plant (Zea mays L.) was sown as second crop following with wheat cultivation. The maize yield was higher in F3 fertigation level treatment (12.47 Mg ha-1) compared to the other treatments. Lowest yield was recorded in F2 (8.45 Mg ha-1) treatment. The results shown that the half of the fertilizer application with conventional practices and the other half with fertigation are more efficient under Menzilat soil series conditions. For future, it is important ...
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of biochar that obtained from walnut shell and thyme stalk on yield and biomass development of pepper plant. Biochar obtained by self-constructed oxygen-free reactor at 400 C. According to experimental design, 2 different biochar raw materials (walnut shell and thyme stalk) at 3 different doses (0, 0.1 and 0.2% w/w) were evaluated in either with or without sulphur application (0 and 0.1% w/w). Results revealed that the all parameters tested were greatly influenced from raw material, biochar dose as well as sulphur applications. Significant differences were determined between the raw materials in which the biochar was made. According to mean values the walnut shell biochar provide 38% more shoot dry weight than thyme stalk biochar. These findings clearly indicate that although biochar almost consisted of carbon, all of the biochar are not the same, and depends on the raw material; biochar even can reduce plant growth. The effect of sulfur application was also significant, especially in the pots where biochar and sulfur were applied together. The lowest yield value was determined at control as well as 0.1% thyme stalk biochar applied pots as 34.2 and 33.4 g pot-1, respectively while ...
The study was conducted in 2008-2009 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik near Stargard, on sandy soil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sub-crown irrigation on the yield leaves photosynthesis and transpiration capacity, as well as CO2 concentration in the stomatal cells, and leaf greenness index of early 'Geneva Early' cv. and late 'Rubinola' cv. apple cultivars.Irrigation was applied in the form of the sub-crown system, in which water is distributed through a mini-sprayers of Hadar type when water potential of soil fell below -0.01 MPa. The experiment was established in a randomized sub-block pattern (split-plot) in 10 replicates. The study was conducted using the four-year-old trees. The trees were planted at 4 × 2 m spacing; one hectare was planted with 1250 trees. Turf was maintained between the trees, while herbicide fallow was applied in rows. Plant material for laboratory tests was collected each year in three dates: fruit setting (date 1), harvest (date 2) and one month after the harvest (date 3). Studies have shown that leaves of the irrigated apple trees were lower content of assimilation pigments in leaves than non-irrigated ones. Leaves of late ‘Rubinola' cv. showed higher ...
The paperwork includes estimate of irrigation on yield effect of highbush blueberry. The research was conducted in 2014-2016, on a small plantation located in Przyczyna Górna, in the Wschowski county, in the Lubuskie Province. The plantation's area was 800 m2. The article presents an analysis of five varieties of highbush blueberry: Patriot, Duke, Chandler, Elliott and Bluecrop. The frequency of irrigation and the amount of water supplied to the shrubs depended mainly on the distribution of atmospheric precipitation and the optimal humidity that the soil needs in growing blueberries. The need for irrigation was determined on the basis of soil water suction measurements using tensiometers. The shrubs were irrigated with a drip line with a spacing adjusted to the spacing of blueberry bushes.The annual dose of water used for irrigation were from 144 mm to 303 mm. The research showed that the average crop increase amounted to 167%, because of irrigation. In 2015, which was a wet year, the increase was 140% and in the average year (2014) was 193%. It was not connected only with amount of precipitation, but with the distribution of precipitation at growing season. The best yield was noted for Chandler (32% of yield), Patriot and ...
Drought is an important factor that causes a decrease in yield and quality in regions where second crop silage plants are grown. One of the biggest problems in animal husbandry is feed. Especially silage feed production tends to decrease in areas with increasing water deficit and where water needs cannot be met. The high water requirement of the corn plant requires irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. However, in order to continue the production of silage fodder in regions where water resources are insufficient with the increase of drought, it will be necessary to grow forage plants that can be an alternative to corn plant. In previous studies, it has been discussed whether the sorghum plant is an alternative to the corn plant. The aim of this study is to determine the drought sensitivity index based on the yield values of both plants in wet and dry conditions. Thus, it will be determined whether the sorghum plant will be an alternative to the corn plant in terms of drought. The identification and selection of drought-resistant cultivars and species is possible using various indices. In this study, second crop silage maize and sorghum crops were grown in Kahramanmaraş conditions for two ...
