Water surrounds us, it is the essential component of all living organisms and all the life on earth is inevitably connected with it. From times immemorial people used to settle close to water reservoirs (rivers, streams or lakes) aiming to have water resources and natural protection against attacks or wars, as well as abundance of food (fish). Only later paths joining subsequent villages changed into roads, small settlements became towns, which later turned into large city agglomerations which we know today. On the scale of Poland there are only several cities which are not situated close to rivers. These are: Katowice, Kielce, Koszalin, Leszno, Łódź, Radom, Siedlce and Wałbrzych. As far as their history is concerned these are relatively young cities and their establishment was conditioned by other factors. Currently they face grave problems of water deficiency. In cities the problem of water supply concerns mainly its purity, but in rural areas it is connected with considerable capital consumption because of greatly dispersed holdings. Formerly water had to be carried into houses in pots and subsequently a technical progress made possible its supply directly to households. This caused a rapid increase in water consumption. Further development through increasing the number ...
The risk is an elementary category of safety of technical systems operation. The safety of water supply system (WSS) functioning should be examined interdisciplinary in the scope of drinking water health as well as quality and quantity of natural water resources. There are three basic safety barriers of water supply system: prevention, security and counteraction. These barriers make serial structure and reduce the risk associated with public water pipe. Compensation and reduction methodology of integrated risk in the safety-health-environment system has been presented. Based on this, the basic rules of critical management have been formulated to the effect of stocks and society preparation for the case of undesirable event occurrence which caused threat to life, restore, environment and infrastructure. ...
The paper presents analyzes the development of water and sewage infra-structure in the Lublin province in 2000-2010. In addition, based on the results of surveys carried out in 70 selected municipalities province, presents the state of the basic elements of water and sewage infrastructure in 2011. Found a large disparity between the development of water supply and sanitation in rural of Lublin province in the first decade of the twenty-first century. It was noted that in 2011 in selected municipalities of the region (mainly rural) water supply system has benefited 84.8% of the population, and the sewerage system only 18.6%. In the years 2000-2010 in the Lublin province has been gradual progress the construction of sewerage systems, and particularly in the case of collective and sewage treatment plants, which was possible mainly thanks to EU funds acquired by local governments. In the analyzed period, the collective biological waste water treatment plants were the most commonly used, in the case of household objects - infiltration drainage systems. ...
The paper presents an analysis of a chain index of water supply and wastewater infrastructure development dynamics in Poland in the years 2003-2013. The work aimed at determining the development index rate (relative growth) of water supply and sewage systems in Poland divided into 3 basic territorial units (rural, urban-rural and urban districts). Moreover, the paper describes the dynamics of changes concerning water consumption, share of population using water supplied by water supply systems, percentage of households possessing a bathroom and flush toilet and the share of population using sewage system during the analysed period. Conducted analyses used among others the chain index of dynamics to determine the rate of observed changes. The analysis revealed the greatest rate of changes for the indices characterising sewage system and the share of population using the system and wastewater treatment plants. Despite the fact that rural areas were characterized by definitely the highest values of the rate of changes and chain index of changes dynamics, the differences between rural and urban areas concerning water supply and wastewater infrastructure in Poland are still considerable. ...
