It is known that carp ponds significantly affect the quality of surface waters, probably not polluting a water-course during regular production period but only during period of catches or during lowering of ponds. A study on physical and chemical properties of water in one of the Western Pomeranian rivers, the Krąpiel, was undertaken to verify this opinion. More than 200 ha complex of ponds is located in the catchment area of that river, in the settlement of Dzwonowo. The research was done monthly from April 2005 till April 2006. It was shown that lowering of the ponds causes the increase of nutrients, organic matter, and total suspended matter, but also negatively affects water quality. Pollutants however do not influence the increase of eutrophication processes and the river still retains self-purification ability. ...
This article is concerned with surface water quality with regard to the identification of its main factors influence on water quality state on the basis of two selected low-retention reservoirs in the Podlaskie. The aim of the work was to evaluate the pollution level in the reservoirs in Korycin and in Wasilków, and also to determine the seasonal changes in the contents of the selected physio-chemical indicators in characteristic measurement and control points of the reservoirs, from April 2007 to March 2008. There are many factors which affect the quality of the water in the reservoirs, for instance the natural processes of self-purification which occur with the participation of plant and animal organisms. The progress of the process being in the reservoirs as well as water outflowing quality depends on the water contamination degree that supply the reservoirs. The highest concentration of the analysed parameters were obtained in the reservoir in Wasilków. The water in Korycin had better quality. Most of the analysed physic- chemical indicators of water in both reservoirs were equivalent to I/III quality class, but colour, phosphates and COD-Cr were the disqualifying parameters of water quality. The reservoir in Korycin indicates a self-purifying capacity, whereas it was ...
Small water reservoirs are principal elements of small retention. Reservoir built in Zarzeczany village (Gródek commune, Podlasie region) in 2000 is the example of such object. It is localized in wide, wet, and flat valley. Water to the reservoir is supplied by melioration ditch receiving waters from catchment runoff and, during summer droughts, from river Gleniówka. An apparent effect of surface runoff on water quality was observed in the reservoir. It was found that after the rainfall, values of many tested water parameters (color, turbidity, phosphates, COD-Mn, ammonia, nitrates) were increased. The concentration increase of indices responsible for water contamination with organic compounds at simultaneous relatively high color indicated the humus origin of that contamination. ...
Over a number of years the quality of surface water in Poland has been monitored and assessed. Water quality assessments are published every year by specialized institutions. The criteria of assessment used by different regions (voivodships) have not been standardised. The Water Frame Directive has enforced the application of uniform assessment procedures. This directive emphasises mainly the biological quality of water and essentially changes the previous classification methods. In the paper the author has described some aspects of Water Frame Directive, the ways the surface water had been classified over the past 25 years as well the projected aims in this area. ...
Paper concerns the small reservoir Młyny II located in km 6,968 of river Julianpolka, place Młyny, commune Rudniki, Opole Province. Młyny reservoir II is one of nine of small dam reservoirs situated in Opole Provine. It has a lot of functions: agricultural irrigation, fish farming and recreation. Reservoir are is 4,53 ha, and capacity 81 540 m3. The aim of this work is presenetation of study results of water quality on river Julianpolka flowing across Młyny reservoir. Investigations has been performed in period from January 2006 to December 2006. Measurements concern following water quality indexes: nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, phosphates, BOD, COD, water reaction, electrolytic conductivity and water temperature. Studies showed that water from Młyny reservoir had lower content of nitrates, phoshpates and electrolytic conductivity. Started investigations on Młyny reservoir deliver information on water quality inflowing and outflowing from this reservoir, and facilitate to make correct economic decisions connected with storied water use at reservoir and protection. ...
The thesis is concerned with a small reservoir Komorów situated on Mi-likówka Brook in dolnośląskie voivodship. The main function of the reservoir is water retencion for agriculture purposes and recreation. The paper includes the results from the study of the quality of water flowing into the reservoir, water re-tentioned there, and flowing out of the reservoir. The study was conducted between March and October 2009. Following water quality indicators were taken into consideration: nitrates, phosphates, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrolitical conductivity, reaction and water transparency. Evaluation of water quality according to the valid Regulation of Minister for the Environment regarding the means of uniform waters status classification and evaluation of waters eu-tophication was described in the thesis. Moreover, it was verified whether waters taken into scrutiny are vulnerable to nitrogen compounds pollution coming from the agricultural sources. The usability of water reservoir was estimated by com-parision of the water indicators with the limit values characterizing water suitable for swimming.The study revealed that waters flowing into the Komorów reservoir, due to the nitrate values exeeds limit values for 1st class waters. Water temperature, dis-solved oxygen, electrolitical conductivity and reaction values classify it as 1st class waters. Waters flowing out of ...
The paper deals with the characteristics of surface and ground water che-mistry in meliorated bottom of river Ochoża valley. Meliorated green lands cover 20% of the whole catchment and are localized on organic soils in Tyśmienica river valley counted in part to Nature 2000 area. Analysis of physicochemical properties of waters aim at evaluating the effects of anthropogenic transformations and learning the factors that exert their influence on water quality over the studied area. Water samples were collected at different seasons of 2004-2006 at several measurement points distributed within the studied object. Along with water sam-pling, periodical measurements of ground and surface water states, as well as flow rates, were made. Valorization of the soil cover, ways of soil performance, and plant coverage was also performed within the frames of previous examinations. The hydrological measurements revealed that the highest water states were most often in March. Along with the time, water flow rate decreased reaching the lowest values in August. The water quality indicators on studied area oscillated within quite wide range. Surface waters, stagnating in ditches were characterized by the poorest quality in July on blueberry plantation.
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The results of field research at 230 river sections located throughout Poland were used to examine the possibility of predicting values of macrophyte metrics of ecological status. Artificial intelligence methods such as artificial neural networks were used in the modelling. The physicochemical parameters of water (alkalinity, conductivity, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen, reactive and total phosphorus, and biochemical oxygen demand) were used as the explanatory (modelling) variables. The explained (modelled) parameters were the Polish MIR (Macrophyte Index for Rivers), the British MTR (Mean Trophic Rank) and the French IBMR (River Macrophytes Biological Index). The quality of the constructed models was assessed using the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and the r-Pearson's linear correlation coefficient between variables modelled by the networks and calculated on the basis of the botanical research. These analyses demonstrated that the network modelling MIR values had the highest accuracy. The lowest prediction accuracy was obtained for MTR and IBMR indices. The differences between particular models are likely to result from better adjustment of the Polish method to local rivers (particularly in terms of indicator species used). ...
This paper presents the research results of pollution level in Stobrawa river. The research was carried out on 19,5 km of the river in six test points: from the cross-section of the planned Kluczbork storage reservoir (point St.1) to the river source (point St.6). The test was carried out between November 2006 and October 2007. In the tested samples following compounds were determined: NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, Ptot., BOD5, DO, TSS, water temperature, water reaction and elektro-lytic conductivity. Beside water quality tests, the hydrometric measurements were carried out. The paper also presents Stobrawa river quality valuation. The valua-tion of eutrophication of the Stobrawa river has been presented as well and it has been determined if the water is prone to nitrogen compounds pollution from agri-culture. The Stobrawa river catchment area has been valuated taking into consid-eration the flowing matter into the body water.The test has shown vast pollution of water flowing into the Kluczbork water body. Subsequently it may negatively influence the water quality in the body of water in terms of its future possible water retention. It has been shown that the familiarity of the profile of water quality indica-tors changeability is crucial while taking decision whether to build ...
This paper presents an assessment of the water quality of the Bochotniczanka river flowing through the area of community Naleczów and Spa Park resort in Nałęczów. It also identifies the root causes of pollution of the river and the measures to improve the status quo. It was found that the factors that have direct impact on water quality of the river are: study area pollution, especially surface runoff of eroded fields, as well as point pollution associated with disordered wastewater management in the catchment, which include, among others: farm cows, vacuum trucks base and horse riding. Physico-chemical indicators that indicate poor quality of the water in the tested river were: BOD5, ChZTCr, suspended solids and phosphates. Mean values of these ratios were generally outside the scope of the designated quality class in the Regulation of the Ministry of Environment [2011]. It was indicated that the abundance of coliforms and faecal coliforms, recorded in the waters of the Bochotniczanka river, in accordance with the Regulation of Ministry of Environment [2004], degrades it to V - the worst quality class and indicates their direct contamination by domestic waste. It was observed that the presence of a dam reservoir in the form ...
The thesis characterizes water and sewage management of Dolnośląska rural municipality of Oleśnica (oleśnicki district). In particular, the proper exploitation of available water resources, water quality and sewage management have been taken into account. Analysis of the data has enabled it to conclude that Oleśnica municipality has sufficient resources of the groundwater, of quaternary deposits and their quality makes it possible to use them, after treatment, as the source of potable water. In terms of technical infrastructure, Oleśnica municipality is characterised by a very well developed network of water supply, covering all settlement units. Sewage infrastructure is poorly developed. The sewage network is not fully implemented in most parts of the municipality. The problem of sewage treatment in Oleśnica municipality is temporarily solved through subsidies for the construction of domestic biological sewage treatment systems and through emptying holding tanks by septic tankers. Sewage is transported to the communal treatment plant. There is a risk of contamination of water in the Municipality. Sources are mainly agriculture and socio-economic activities, but also low environmental awareness of the residents. There are cases of detecting leaking tanks and of sewage discharging to side ditches, onto the fields or to local watercourses. Municipal authorities ...
The paper presents changes of the San river water quality (from km 28+800 to 23+200) in result of treated municipal and industrial sewage discharge at km 26+440. Along the analyzed section, the San is under protection in the framework of Natura 2000 habitat areas programme (The Lower San River Valley). Analyses of pollutants in treated sewage originating from the Municipal and Central Treatment Plant were conducted twice a month. Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant, a maximum throughput of 17500 m3•24 hours-1, receives municipal sewage from Stalowa Wola city, was modernized in 2008 and is capable of receiving the pollutant load to 98500 RLM. The neighbouring Central Sewage Treatment Plant treats sewage from the Stalowa Wola Iron Works area and from the Tarnobrzeg EURO-PARK WISŁOSAN Special Economic Zone in Stalowa Wola. Its maximum throughput is 100000 m3•24 hours-1, but during the rainless weather the amount of sewage does not exceed 20000 m3•24 hours-1. The assessment of sewage effect on the San river water quality was carried out in two measurement-control points (2360 m above and 3240 m below the sewage discharge point) on the basis on four-year (2009-2012) analyses of 19 pollution indices, including 3 physical, 2 oxygen, 2 biogenic, 2 salinity, ...
This paper deals with one of the aspects important from the point of view of water quality maintenance in storage reservoirs, namely the dynamics of water currents that accompany changes of the water surface elevation in such reservoirs. Numerical simulations were conducted to back observations that high discharges are in the long term beneficial to water quality in the reservoir. Calculations made using the AdH finite elements model confirmed that the water current pattern in shallow regions varies greatly with the total discharge value. The sample analysis shown in this article concerns a mid-size storage reservoir of Tresna located in southern Poland. It appears that for small discharges the currents that wet some areas of the previously dry reservoir bed are similar to reversed currents that occur when the area is dried. Thus some amounts of water may move from one stagnant area to another forth and back and then the water exchange is limited. It means that it is not enough to lower the water level within the reservoir steering rules and then raise it again to be assured that the water quality improves in the reservoir, especially in the lull parts. But for higher discharges the current pattern ...
The paper presents change of water quality within Vistula River in the city of Warsaw. Water samples for analysis were taken from four different measurement points in the period from February to June 2016. Based on the results of laboratory studies it was demonstrated that the Vistula River in Warsaw is exposed to the input of pollutants contributing to increase the salinity, especially in winter and early spring. The concentration of both chlorides and sulphates were highest in February and was decreasing in subsequent months of the year. At the same time it has been shown that during the entire study period the concentration of Cl- ion exceeded the limit values for water quality II class in Poland. While the SO42- concentrations in water samples taken in the winter months (February-March) exceeded the limit values for the second quality class, in April, it was within the acceptable range for II class water quality, and in May and June does not exceed the value referred to as standard for I class of water quality. Based on the analysis of indicators of nutrients (N-NH4, N-NO3, Ptot.) it was found that the Vistula is not exposed to eutrophication due to their low ...
Fountains are decorative elements that improve the attractiveness and visual qualities of urban environments. They can give refreshment to residents on a hot, sunny day. Despite the prohibitions on bathing in these facilities people often have contact with fountain water. It should be emphasized that poor quality of water from fountains can be dangerous for human health. This study was aimed at evaluating microbial contamination of water in Krakow fountains (fountain from Szczepański Square, fountain on the Groble Square, "Chopin" fountain near the philharmonic, "Stone" fountain on the Maria Magdalena Square and the fountain on the Main Market Square). Microbiological analyses were conducted to determine the total number of microorganisms at 36±2oC after 48 hours (mesophilic bacteria) and the total number of microorganisms at 22±2ºC after 74 hours (psychrophilic bacteria). In addition, the coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Closridium perfringens were also examined. The results have shown a high degree of microbiological contaminants in the tested water samples. The lowest contamination of water was observed in the fountain on the Szczepański Square and in nozzle water from the fountain on the Groble Square. The highest numbers of bacteria were found in "Stone" fountain at the Maria Magdalena Square. ...
This paper presents the results of physical and chemical tests of surface water samples taken from the areas of the Ostrzeszów Commune, which is part of the Ostrzeszów County, located in the southern part of the Wielkopolska Province. The Ostrzeszów commune is included in the urban-rural areas. The physicochemical analysis of surface waters covered samples taken from seventeen measurement and control points from places as accessible as possible. The water quality was assessed in accordance with the applicable regulations of the Minister of the Environment. Surface waters were characterized by typical variability for agricultural areas, i.e. slightly alkaline, pH in the range of 7.5-8.45; specific conductivity in the range of 246-512 μS/cm; turbidity in the range of 1.7-10.5 NTU; total hardness in the range of 1.6-3.2 mmol∙dm-3 Ca2+, Mg2+; alkalinity in the range of 66-142 mg∙dm-3 CaCO3; chloride content in the range of 19-47 mg/dm3 Cl-; content of biogenic compounds, ie: nitrites in the range of 0.02-0.36 mg∙dm-3 N-NO2-; nitrates in the range of 0.05- 4,9 mg∙dm-3 N-NO3-; ammonium ion in the range of 0.04-0.94 mg∙dm-3 N-NH4+; the content of orthophosphate in the range of 0.11-1,56 mg∙dm-3 P-PO43-. The content of metals, i.e. manganese Mn, Fe iron, was characterized by ...
