Wielkopolska region covers the area of North European Plain with particularly unfavorable water conditions. These conditions are determined by the climate prevailing in the region, namely relatively low annual rainfall and high evapotranspiration with usually unfavorable distribution of these meteorological elements over a year. Important modulating influence can be attributed also to some non-climatic physiographical characteristics typical in vast parts of the region, mainly soil properties. In addition, evapotranspiration may be stimulated locally by vegetation. The paper comprehends initial results of hydrologic balancing of lowland catchment typical for the region of Wielkopolska. The balancing was carried out in Trojnaka Stream catchment placed in Puszcza Zielonka forest (the central Wielkopolska). High forest cover proportion, deep layer of sandy soils and high evapotranspiration shape the storage capabilities in the tested catchment. The balancing covered the average annual rainfall year (2001/2002) following average long-term rainfall period. The Period of the negative retention changes occurred from the end of April until the mid of September. The maximum decrease and increase of storage change depth occurred respectively in June (-27,7 mm) and February (50,2 mm). Average specific discharge in investigated catchment equaled 2,5 dm3∙s-1∙km-2 with maximum and minimum runoff depth respectively in January (8,8 mm) ...
The balance of Dąbie Lake water has been analysed in three ways: as daily balance, averaged balance in a decade calculated on the basis of Regalica river flows determined by Mikulski and Ostapska-Bojanowicz (1965), and the water balance based on flows in water-courses reaching Dąbie lake, which has been determined using the model of lower Odra steady flow (Buchholz 1991). The method based on Odra river hydraulic model has turned out to be most important in the examination of Dąbie lake water balance. The share of Regalica river in the general inflow to the lake (calculated on the basis of this model) is 73,5%, (6557,8 millions m3), Orli Przesmyk canal has 23,9% (2135,3 millions m3), drainage area contribution is 2,3 % (205,5 millions m3) and precipitation brings 0.33% (29.3 millions m3). The outflow is shared by Iński Nurt canal (84%, 7503,2 millions m3), Babina (15,63%, 1395,5 millions m3) and evaporation – 0,33% (29,9 millions m3). Total inflow in the average year of multi-year period is 8927,9 millions m3 of water. On the basis on 1948-1990 period it has been calculated that on average 65 water exchanges take place in the lake yearly. ...
In the paper a procedure of parking out a water balance within a waste disposal site other than hazardous (municipal) is presented. An attention is paid to problem of supply of waste disposal site with waters from precipitation and resulting problem of moisture exchange within waste disposal site. It is emphasized a necessity of including in water balance a certain amount of water arising during decomposition processes of deposited wastes, moreover of water separation on pure and polluted one. Attention is paid also to changes in water balance, proceeding as disposal site is filled with wastes. It is related to moisture sorption ability of waste deposit, from which results a certain water capacity of waste mass dependent on share of organic matter in wastes and their size reduction and density, which will determined the leachate infiltration rate into base of waste disposal site. In recapitulation a significance and a complexity of water balancing problem, within a waste disposal site other than hazardous is emphasized, resulting from occurring decomposition and exchanging processes within deposited wastes and also from progressive filling up process of disposal site, thereby condensation of created lump. ...
This elaboration presents a comparison of ground water reserves in profiles of little forest drainage area in the Silesian Beskid. The main target of researches was the comparison of water storages in ground profiles located near the roads (no more than 30m) and located outside of this road zone. To the analysis there were chosen 10 profiles located in whole drainage area, that were grouped according to criteria as follow: road distance, the nearest stream distance, orientation of height a.s.l., difference between profile and stream ordinates measured slopeways and difference between profile ordinates and the nearest stream. Unit reserves were compared, which means calculated for 1cm thickness layer of the profile. Received average values of unit reserves from created groups of profiles were shown against the background of the profile of road influence area. According to analysis carried out, factor of location of profile regarding the road is not major dominant factor with quantity of ground water storage differentiation. As the significant factor it can be recognized an orientation of the profile height a.s.l.
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This study presents measurement of water flow intensity from pavement of forest slope road, which embankment scarp cut the intraground water drain. Mea-surements were made in periods of different precipitations amounts, in period without the rain and in period of spring snow melting. Received results make easier the estimation of importance of examined problem for drainage basin water circulation and also to upkeep road's functionality. Frequency of measurement taking allows to follow the process dynamic and relates it with the precipitation characteristic. The biggest intensity was noted in spring snow melting period and in time of first day from heavy rain, but under condition of ground water saturation by the earlier precipitation. Received data show ten times bigger flow intensity in spring snow melting period than flow measured with precipitation 9,8mm and two hundred times bigger than this flow measured in period without rain. Parts of mountain-sides with dense grid of streams and springs places should be passed around in process of project and building of forest road network in mountains.
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In medieval times the flat and marshy bottom of the Barycz valley was used to create fish ponds. The first ones were established probably as early as in the XII century by the Order of Cistercians. The human use of the valley which began caused a unique mosaic landscape, consisting of ponds, farming fields, forest complexes and human settlements to develop. Building the fish ponds was also the beginning of reclamation in the valley area. Adjusting the riverbed, building weirs on the river and the augmentation system changed the area's initial form com-pletely. The article analyzes the influence of two anthropogenic factors, agriculture and water balance, on the landscape variety of the Barycz Valley. Farming is highly responsible for shaping the environment, maintaining natural and landscape quality and protecting natural resources. The other element considered in the article are the water conditions, which define the landscape quality of the area. Their protection and rational use will determine the effectiveness of protecting the whole area. ...
Irrigation is one of the most important factors of surface water resources management, therefore water saving irrigation farming is desired which could promote better utilisation of the agricultural potential of Hungary. In our article we deal with the situation, problems and development possibilities of water resources management, especially with the development possibilities of irrigation farming. ...
In this paper the scope of hydrological investigations and the results obtained in year 2013 on monitoring station at the Tuczno forest inspectorate was presented. The analyzed area is located in the north-west part of Poland in Pomerania province. Three of four components of water balance were directly measured in vertical profile : precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E) and changes of water retention (soil moisture) (ΔR). The outflow (H) was computed by use of following equation: H = P - E - ΔR. In order to measure above mentioned parameters we have used set of instruments consisted of: tipping bucket rain-gauges A-STER and WXT510 meteorological station (precipitation); - eddy covariance system (anemometer CSAT 3 and Li-7500 IR gas analyzer) - evapotranspiration; - and few reflectometers CS616 (TDR method - soil moisture). Changes of water retention in 30 minute periods, calculated on the basis of soil moisture fluctuations indicate that they show synchronous fluctuations in the respective sums of precipitation. The amplitudes of soil moisture fluctuatons are inversely proportional to depth the u.s.a. Computed average value of specific outflow oscillate between normative values for this region.
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