Effects of three different irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation, micro-jet sprinkling and drip irrigation) on the one-year old verrucose birch production under conditions of zoomelioration, are compared in the paper. Zoomelioration measures consisted in introduction of living edaphon with organic matter of forest soil to the nursery soil. Two-year (2003-2004) field experiments were carried out in forest nursery at Białe Błota, Forest Inspectorate of Bydgoszcz. Investigations were conducted on a brown podzolic soil formed from loose sandy soil. Experiment was established as one-factorial trial in randomized block method with four replications. Studied pressure irrigation systems significantly increased the height and diameter of verrucose birch seedlings grown under conditions of zoomelioration. Increased height of verrucose birch seedlings obtained thanks to irrigation ranged from 76 to 100%. Diameter of seedlings was increased by irrigation in the range 67 – 84%. The lowest relative increases of studied biometric features were found under drip irrigation. On the other hand, this irrigation system was characterized by the most economical of water use as compared to micro-jet sprinkling and sprinkler irrigation. Micro-jet sprinkling was the most advantageous in consideration of both the studied growing vigour features of seedlings. This irrigation method simultaneously secured slightly lower seasonal irrigation ...
The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The soil in horizon 0–50 cm was characterized by field water capacity 57 mm, useful retention 43 mm and effective useful retention 30 mm only. The experiments were run in a split-plot system with three replications. Two different factors were compared. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two following treatments: Wo – without irrigation (control), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitrogen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): N0 = 0 kg N ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N ha -1. Water requirements of true millet were estimated as optimal rainfall amounts for this crop, according to Klatt and Press proposals. Mean - for two seasons - water needs of true millet (since May 1 to August 31) amounted 278 and 294 mm, for Klatt and Press proposals, ...
The influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses on the height of true millet cv. ‘Gierczyckie’ was determined in a field experiment carried out in the years 2005–2006 on a very light soil at Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz. The experiments were run as a two-factorial trial in a split-plot system with three replications. The first row factor – irrigation, was used in the two fol-lowing treatments: without irrigation (control), sprinkler irrigation according to tensiometer indications (-0,03 MPa). The second row factor – differentiated nitro-gen fertilization, was used in the four following variants (doses): 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N•ha-1. Investigations included estimation of infestation degree: roots with complex of pathogens, stem base with Fusarium spp., Oculimacula spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. On leaves was observed the occurrence of: powdery mildew, Phyllosticta leaf blight, and other necrotic spots. Irrigation caused the significant increase of Fusarium foot rot as well as the decrease of sharp eyespot. Health status of non-irrigated true millet was de-pendent mostly on rainfall. Lower intensity of Fusarium foot rot was noted in the year characterized by lower rainfall amounts during the vegetation period of true millet, but in case of sharp eyespot – in the year ...
The study estimated the needs of emergency irrigation in malting barley and illustrated their high temporal variability. The original test method, based on the results of many years of field experiments was used. Experiments were carried out in the area of particular deficit in the water (region of Bydgoszcz) on two soil types: very light with a drained subsoil and light with a dense subsoil. A total of 17 annual experiments were carried out, in three multi-year cycles, involving 13 growing seasons. There was a significant correlation between grain yield at a non-irrigated plots, and increases in grain yield under the influence of irrigation and the amount of precipitation during the period of increased water needs of barley, including the months May and June. Based on the analysis of these relationships and the total rainfall in May and June in the years 1971-2010, it was found that the great barley irrigation needs, requiring the use of at least 5 doses of irrigation (in total at least 100-120 mm of water) are found in the region of Bydgoszcz on the very light soil in 30% and on the light soil in 12.5% of the years. The use of irrigation in these ...
The aim of the study conducted in the years 2005-2006 was to determine the influence of sprinkler irrigation and four nitrogen fertilization doses (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N•ha-1) on health status of true millet cv. ‘Jagna' cultivated on a very light soil. Investigations covered estimation of infestation degree with: complex of pathogens on roots and in the case of stem base - Oculimacula spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana. On leaves there was observed the intensity of Phyllosticta leaf blight and other necrotic spots. Irrigation caused the significant increase of root rot and stem base infesta-tion with Fusarium spp. and B. sorokiniana. Health status of non-irrigated true millet was dependent mostly on rainfall. Lower intensity of most diseases was noted in the year characterized by lower rainfall amounts during the vegetation period of millet. The higher nitrogen dose resulted in the significant increase of infestation of millet roots and stem base with Oculimacula spp. The pathogenic fungi occurring on infected millet roots were mostly represented by Fusarium spp., especially F. solani, F. oxysporum and F. equiseti. Stem bases showed the occurrence of F. equiseti and B. sorokiniana. Presence of R. cerealis and R. solani in the ...
The paper presents the results of a field experiments with irrigation faba bean cultivar 'Olga' which were carried out on sandy soil in the years 2010-2012 nearby Bydgoszcz in the Research Centre of University of Technology and Life Science - Mochełek. Particular vegetation seasons were different, especially related to rainfall, which determined the amount of applied irrigation doses. The highest-level need for irrigation occurred in 2010, when 180 mm of irrigated water was used; while in subsequent years rainfalls were distributed more preferably thus for irrigation were used 65 mm. Based on the results, it was found that the water needs of faba bean cultivated on sandy soil in the period from April to August amounted to about 400 mm. Seed yield of faba bean collected from control plots ranged in successive years from 1.23 t.ha-1 (2010) to 5.55 t.ha-1 (2012). Irrigation increased the yield significantly by an average of 1.59 t.ha-1, the highest increase in crop (3.66 t.ha-1) was obtained in 2010 by using the highest dose of irrigation. Yield collected from irrigated plots were not stable in the subsequent years, they averaged 5.00 t.ha-1, varying between 3.84 t.ha-1 (2011), and 6.27 t.ha-1 (2012). Based on the results of ...
The paper presents the results of a four-year (2007/08-2010/11) field ex-periment with oilseed rape cultivar 'Californium' grown under sprinkler irrigation, conducted in a sandy soil in Research Centre ‘Mochełek' set in the vicinity of By-dgoszcz, owned by the Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Technology and Life Science.During the spring vegetation of winter oilseed rape in subsequent years occurred uneven needs of irrigation, mostly in May and June. On average 102.5 mm of water was used and seasonal dose ranged from 55 mm in the year 2009 to 150 mm in 2008. In three of four years, the need of irrigation in winter oilseed rape occurred most in late April and May, and May and June. During the years of experiment, the winter oilseed rape yielded on average at the level of 4.19 t.ha-1, but in the consecutive growing seasons the yield was unstable; lowest yield of 2.99 t.ha-1 was collected in 2011, and the highest of 5.45 t.ha-1 in 2009. The use of irrigation resulted in an increase in seed yield by an average of 1.36t.ha-1 (29.3%). The largest increase in seed yield due to sprinkler irrigation (2.00t.ha-1) was obtained in 2011 by applying dose of 130 ...
To evaluate the economic efficiency of irrigation in corn cultivated for grain, production effects were used, which were obtained from studies conducted by researcher team from the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology at the Experiment Station of the UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz in 2005-2016. The research covered the effect of irrigation on yielding of the crop. Economic efficiency calculations were made using the direct surplus increase calculation method. In each variant irrigation enhanced production effects. It was not always economically justified, however. The irrigation costs (for drip and sprinkler irrigation systems) per hectare were decreasing with an increase in acreage. Applying drip irrigation was economically unjustified in moist years and on average in the multi-year period. In the years with dry and average precipitation conditions the direct surplus was positive, except for irrigation of 1 ha. As for the sprinkler-irrigation system, a lack of economic efficiency was reported in moist years, whereas in dry and average years as well as on average in the multi-year period, except for 1 hectare acreage, corn sprinkler-irrigation was economically justified. ...
The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect and interaction of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on the grain yield and baking value of ‘Monsun' spring wheat cultivar grown in light compacted soil. A field experiment was performed in 2013-2014 in an experimental field of the Department of Land Improvement and Agrometeorology, the UTP University of Science and Technology, at Mochełek, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. It was found that sprinkler irrigation significantly increased the spring wheat grain yield. The grain from sprinkler-irrigated stands demonstrated greater plumpness; it contained significantly less protein and gluten and showed a lower sedimentation value, as compared with the grain of non-sprinkler-irrigated plants. However, the protein yield produced under sprinkler irrigation conditions was on average 11% higher, compared to the control conditions. The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the spring wheat grain yield and quality correspond to earlier findings. Similarly to other research reports, a regular yield increase and enhanced quality of baking features along with an increase in the nitrogen rate were identified. Considering the quantitative and baking features of the grain yield, it was found that the optimal nitrogen fertilisation rate in ‘Monsun' spring wheat, in both water variants, was ...
The aim of the research was the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on some selected features of the quality of malt and wort from ‘Marthe' and ‘Mauritia' malting barley grains. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2010-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. As a result of 3-year field experiment and laboratory test of grain, malt and wort, it was found that introducing sprinkler irrigation into the production process of malting barley is a step justified by the obtained quality effects. It was found that in the case of irrigated malting barley cultivations nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 30 kg∙ha-1 provides (in relation to control, non-irrigated treatment) the highest values of such parameters as weight of the technical barley crops, content of protein, extractivity of Pilsen type malt, amount of obtained wort and simplified mashing efficiency. The combination of sprinkler irrigation of malting barley plants with their nitrogen fertilization at the increased rates of 60 and 90 kg∙ha-1, resulted in the following effect - high mass of the usable grain of crops remained but their quality deteriorated. Malt produced from malting barley fertilized with nitrogen ...
The paper presents results of a controlled field experiment with sprinkler irrigation of winter oilseed rape (Latin name) cv. Arsenal F1 Linagrain and winter wheat (Latin name) cv. Franz, conducted in the vegetation season of 2016 (dry in terms of the recorded precipitation total) on a family farm in Kobylata, the Kłodawa commune, the Wielkopolskie Province. Water requirement observed as early as April was balanced by sprinkler irrigation in seasonal application rates ranging from 75 mm (rape) to 105 mm (wheat). Sprinkling of winter rape was the factor having a highly significant effect on seed yield volume, on average from 4 plots amounting to 4.1 t·ha-1 and by 17.4% greater than the yield harvested in the non-irrigated plots (control) - of 0.6 t·ha-1. Winter wheat, at the application of sprinkler irrigation, also produced greater yields (by 24%) in comparison to the non-irrigated plots. Mean grain yield of wheat in the irrigated plots was by 1.9 t·ha-1 greater. Advisability of irrigation, apart from higher yielding, may also be indicated by water use efficiency in these crops. Every mm of sprinkled water caused an increase in of rape by 7.9 kg, while in wheat by 17.8 kg. ...
The paper presents the production effects of irrigation of sugar beet, winter rape, spring barley, soybean and faba bean, obtained in long-term (2005-2020) field experiments. The experiments were carried out on light soil with compact subsoil in the Bydgoszcz area. Significant, rectilinear relationships were found between increases in plant yields under the influence of sprinkler irrigation and precipitation totals in the vegetation periods of these plants, especially in the phases of increased water demand. The average long-term production effects of irrigation of the surveyed crops, which are presented in the work and their variability over the long-term period, may be the basis for assessing the desirability of irrigation of plants in areas of comparable soil and precipitation conditions. ...
