Inequality in saturation and spatial diversification of rural areas in respect of farm technical infrastructure development causes specific difficulties in planning the development of individual region in the scale of the whole country and in the scale of single provinces. The diversification, at the same strategies of development for the whole regions and macroregions, may cause even more differences in regional development. Presented estimation of technical infrastructure of farms will help launching a proper strategy of development for individual regions in order to equalize chances. A problem of communes' classification due to many features and indices which may describe the level of infrastructural saturation is a typical problem of multivariate comparative analysis. At this point a notion of taxonomic structure should be mentioned as a configuration of points of multidimensional space which is a set of objects characterized by means of various attributes. Finally, after initial verification of informative values of attributes, 13 indices describing technical infrastructure on farms were selected for analysis from the available set of diagnostic attributes.The assessment was made basing on a synthetic measurement of development which is an aggregate diagnostic attribute. Assuming in the conducted research that αj = 1, i.e. ...
Variability of precipitation, evaporation and resulting of them climatic water balance influences particulary in the growing season on yield and quality of crops. Detailed values of these elements concerning particular years, months and even decades are necessary for determining terms and standards of irrigation, the best use of water resources of soil, studies in water-power engineering and for water supply. Based on collected material concerning precipitation, air humidity deficiency and mean wind velocity the values of climatic water balance were calculated. For determination of evaporation the Schmuck’s formula was used. Values of climatic water balance were determined as the difference between precipitation and calculated evaporation. The investigations were carried out in monthly system for warm season (IV–IX) and 20-year period summer season (1981–2000), analysing measurements data from 16 meteorological stations situated uniformly on the area of Poland. Obtained results were presented graphically, on climatic maps of the climatic water balance and its components, precipitation and evaporation. Analysis of climatic water balance in investigated period shows that highest water deficiency occurred respectively in August, July and May, and the lowest one in September, when in east part of the country the positive values were observed. The scope of water deficiency in ...
The article analyses spatial differences in the afforestation of agricultural land in the mountain and piedmont areas of Poland. Apart from quantitative and structural changes in the area of new forest plantations, attention was paid to socio-economic determinants of the process of afforestation of agricultural land. The changes considered were those formally registered, which means that areas with a natural succession were not included. The analysis rested on the statistics collected in the Regional Data Bank and basically covered the years 2000-2006, but for private land use was made of the 1996–2006 data. The object of study was mountain and piedmont communes in the Carpathians and Sudeten. The research showed there to be a drop in the area of afforestation of agricultural land over the study period, which resulted from the diminishing area of new forest plantations on both, state-owned and private land in the two regions. This process was undoubtedly connected with the level of financial support, which was clearly evident especially in the case of private land. It was found that the financing of afforestation was a major factor in the rate of this practice. In each of the regions the changes followed a similar pattern, but differed ...
The aim of the studies was determining the spatial distribution of premises and the technical means of production resources on farms in the years 1996, 2002 and 2010. The database has been developed for 36 counties of the Śląskie voivodship. The spatial database developed for the analysed voivodships assumed a county as the smallest indivisible unit of the geographical space. The data describing the technical means of production on farms were obtained from inquiries conducted by the European Statistical Office. Diagnostic variables describing the technical equipment on farms included: self-propelled machinery, tractors and usable areas. The analysis of spatial distribution was conducted for the assumed period of time and spatial changes were determined. On the basis of the analysed diagnostic variables the synthetic indicator was determined, which described the multivariate phenomenon by means of one variable. The analysis show that in 1996 agricultural farms were better equipped on the level of the measure of development 0.306 than in 2002, when the measure of development was lower by 0.100. ...
