The dynamic growth of civilisation requires sufficient access to broadly defined infrastructure. The term stands for a collection of public service devices and installations that are indispensable for providing proper operation of national economy and society's existence [Krakowiak-Bal, 2004]. For centuries, infrastructure has been best developed in the places characterised by highest population density, i.e. mainly in urban areas. This tendency is still noticeable, however, the implemented programs and European Union funds ensure reducing disproportions between rural and urban areas. The main role in this process is occupied by the Rural Development Programme, which enables receiving external funding for the realisation of infrastructure investments most crucial for the region. According to Siemiński [1996], infrastructure, with regard to its scope, is categorised into three groups: utility infrastructure, social infrastructure and economic infrastructure. The present paper considers the issues of utility infrastructure. This type of infrastructure is characterised by unalterable location in an area, general accessibility, functionality and availability. It is considered to be linear, long-lasting, capital-intensive (requiring high investment and exploitation expenditures) indivisible, and its construction requires complex technique and technology. All branches of utility infrastructure (such as waterworks, sewage systems, roads, railroads, etc.) are closely connected with their ...
The paper presents the application of Moran's I statistics to show the grade of spatial autocorrelation statistic. An additional aim is to show the possibility of illustrating financial resources invested in the spatial objects. The main aim was to show the spatial autocorrelation measure based of diagnostic indicators describing the extra-budgetary funds for investment in the Malopolska province on community level. For this purpose, the data used for analysis were taken from the Central Statistical Office. Spatial autocorrelations of the indicators were illustrated in ArcView, statistical and spatial analysis were done in the R-CRAN. The analysis was carried on the 182 communes of Małopolska province. Based on diagnostic indicators analysis one can conclude that these measures are very useful in economic geography. ...
Real estate turnover is a spatial phenomenon, because the location of properties refers to geographic space. Transaction prices are attribute values which distribution in geographic space can be subject to an analysis. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation of transaction prices of properties permits detection of local outlier transactions, detection of clusters of high and low prices, and the assessment of the statistical significance of such clusters. Transaction prices of undeveloped properties intended for building development obtained in suburban areas, and the location of such properties may suggest the intensity of the occurring processes of functional transformations. Results of statistical analyses of the spatial distribution of unitary transaction prices of such properties may constitute an element of specific characteristic of rural communes located in the vicinity of large cities. The article presents results of the analyses and their interpretation for selected rural communes of the Otwock district. The study was conducted in the scope of research grant entitled: "Spatial analysis of undeveloped land property transactions for the purposes of prediction of unfavourable changes in land use at variance with the idea of sustainable development of suburban areas", implemented in 2015 at the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University ...
