Present state and predicted development of technical, particularly network infrastructure, comprising elements and facilities of water supply and sewage disposal, is connected with various aspects of spatial management. There is a strict interrelation between the size of settlement units and the number of objects and facilities of infrastructure localized in their area. The degree of built-up density in rural areas and ground-water relationships have a significant influence on the construction costs of collective water supply and sewage disposal system. In the extremely unfavourable ground-water and terrain conditions the costs may be even twice higher than in moderate or advantageous conditions. Therefore in agricultural communes localized in sumbmontane areas with generally low budgetary incomes, investments connected with sewerage system construction are replaced, under the pressure of local communities, by investments on water supply systems. The article aims at describing the state of saturation with water supply and sewage disposal infrastructure in communes of the nowosądecki and limanowski counties during the period from 1990 until 2003.The state of individual communes equipment in the studied elements of infrastructure was described using saturation indices expressing the relationship of the network length per 100 km2. The indices were computed for the time span from 1990 ...
The aim of the research was to determine the rain water volume which infiltratesthrough the holes in the sewage chambers inside the pipes of the separatesewer system. Incorrect paving or the sewer chambers envois cause the chambers'surfaces deepen in the area surface. The water which flows down during the rainfallor the snow melt, infiltrates inside the chamber through the cleavages, butmainly through the technical holes in the hatches. These holes are used for the keyor the lever to raise or to open the lid of the hatch.The field analyses showed that many sewage chambers are made incorrectly.In many cases the hatch's lid is located from 10,6 to 38,3 mm below thearea surface. It causes the rainfall or the snowmelt water to overflow through thecleavages or through the holes in the hatch to the sewage chamber. On the basisof the laboratory analyses, it was ascertained that the inflow of the precipitationwater to the sewage chamber, by the hole used to raise the lid, can be described bythe following equation: Q = 25 · h2 + 7,7679 · h, in which h is the immersion of thehatch below the area surface.The research showed that with the long-term rainfalls or the surface flowsrelated ...
In the paper an analysis of sewage management in Baranów Sandomierski commune, locateg in north part of Podkarpackie province was made. The mean efficiency of waork of two sewage treatment plants, located in Baranów San-domierski and Dąbrowica was defined. It was noted, that both treatment plants eliminate pollutions satisfactorily in accordance with current regulations of law. Quality of water of Babulówka river, in section located upstream and below of sewage outflow was characterized. It shows, that quality of water was significantly improved in section located below of sewage outflow in case of BOD5, total phos-phorus and ammonia nitrogen. On the basis of municipal sewage management in the commune a few variants of improvement of sewer system were proposed. In Wola Baranowska build of sewer system with length of 15 km and two collective vegetal and pond treatment plants were taken into consideration. In case of areas with detached buildings individual sewage treatment plants were proposed. ...
The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which heavy rainfall, that occurred in 2010, affected the infiltration into the selected sewage treatment plants in the Małopolskie voivodeship. The research was conducted in four separate sewer systems, located in poviats adjacent to the city of Kraków, dis-charging sewage to mechanical-biological treatment plants with a capacity below 1000 m3•d-1. The amount of sewage and extraneous water in the average wet year (2008) were used as control.As a result of heavy precipitation in 2010 the sewer system A received 18 539 m3 more extraneous water than in 2008 (increase by 343%), the sewer sys-tem B - 22 822 m3 (increase by 163%), the sewer system C - 109 715 m3 (increase by 248%) and the sewer system D - 30 796 m3 (increase by 303%). Heavy precipitation in 2010 caused the increase of infiltration and inflow by 264% on average in all studied sewer systems compared to the average wet year. As the result of precipitation, whose annual total in 2010 was higher by 65% than the normal value in 2008, there was an increase in the annual share of extraneous water from 5.3 to 19.7% depending on the ...
The aim of the study was to determine the volume of infiltration and inflow within a selected sanitary sewer system by using the moving minimum method. The examined sewer system is located in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Parasite water inflow into the sewer system was studied in the multiannual period of 2008-2011. Based on the analysis of the research results, obtained using the moving minimum method, it was determined that the infiltration fraction in the annual inflow of contaminated water into the sewer system was from 19.0 to 20.7%, while the fraction of extraneous water - from 19.5 to 31.4%. The largest inflows of extraneous water in the analyzed multiannual period occurred in 2010 (30 210 m3). Due to high total annual precipitation this year was evaluated as very wet. The lowest inflows of extraneous water to the sewer system (15 053 m3) were observed in 2011 (extreme dry year). On the other hand, the largest inflow of infiltration water (20 675 m3) occurred in 2009 (dry year) and the lowest (14 805 m3) - in 2011. The performed research demonstrated a strong correlation between the annual amount of precipitation and the annual volume of parasite water flowing into ...
The aim of this study was the application of the triangle method for the calculation of the infiltration and inflow volume entering the sanitary sewer system operating in the Cracow County (Lesser Poland Voivodeship). The analyzed, 10 km long, sewer system is made of vitrified clay pipes with diameters of 200, 250 and 300 mm. Infiltration and inflow, also called extraneous water, adversely affect the operation of sewer systems and sewage treatment plants, what in turn may result in water contamination in the receiver. Amount of extraneous water in the inflows to sewer systems should be estimated using the available computational methods and their causes should be eliminated on an ongoing basis. The conducted study showed an alarming amount of extraneous water flowing into the analyzed sewer system, i.e. in 2010 it accounted for 41.1% (40033 m3), in 2011 - 28.7% (22224 m3), while in 2012 - 23.4% (16848 m3) of the total annual volume of polluted water. The volume of infiltration and inflow entering the examined sewer system depended primarily on the frequency of precipitation, and - to a lesser extent - on its annual total amount. Illegal connections of yard inlets or gutters to the sewage drains are ...
The research aimed to learn if and to what extent extraneous waters, occasionally flowing into sanitary sewer system during atmospheric precipitation, change proportions of selected pollution indices which are significant regarding biological sewage treatment. The following proportions between pollution indices should be maintained in the sewage subjected to biological treatment process: COD:BOD5 ≤ 1.8; BOD5:N ≥ 4.0, BOD5:P ≥ 25; COD:P ≥ 3.6. Investigations conducted in two sewer systems located in the Małopolskie voivodeship revealed that extraneous waters infiltrating the intercepting sewers during wet weather negatively affect all proportions between pollution indices. Increasing amount of extraneous waters in sewer systems caused the greatest changes of BOD5:N and BOD5:P proportions. On the basis of conducted research it was found that considerable quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are supplied to the sewer system with extraneous waters, which in biological denitrification and dephosphatation processes may lead to a deficit of organic compounds causing a necessity to provide an external source of carbon for the reactor chambers, such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, glucose or others. During the conducted investigations it was demonstrated that extraneous waters in interceptors cause not only sewage dilution, but also significantly change its chemical composition. ...
The objective of this research was to compare the amount of extraneous water flowing into selected gravitational separate sewer systems which discharge domestic sewage from the settlement of single-family houses in Poland and France during a year with a standard annual amount of precipitation. The study included a total of four sewer systems, including two operating in Poland and discharging the sewage from settlements near Krakow in the Malopolska Province and two systems operating in France and discharging the sewage from settlements of single-family houses near Lorient, Brittany, Morbihan Department. As part of the analysis, an average daily tributaries of extraneous water into sewers under the research, values of addition and share of this water were compared. Analysis of the research results demonstrated that the hydraulic load of sewer systems with extraneous water does not depend on the age of the sewer system, but mainly on the number of house drains, and to a lesser extent its length. It was also determined that the average daily amount of extraneous water flowing into sanitary sewer systems in wet weather is 0,107 m3·d-1 per 1 sewer connection. The study showed that tributaries of extraneous water into the separate sewer system ...
