The character of development of rural settlement units imposes the need for searching each time for optimal solutions with regard to sewage systems, including wastewater treatment plants. One may take into account household (local) treatment plants as well as the treatment plants that serve several or dozen households located close to one another within the compact, dispersed or open development. During this process one should not overlook the necessity for building collective wastewater treatment plants which consist one of the elements of collective sewerage system. The article presents technological, technical and economical aspects of the above-mentioned solutions which allow to choose optimal solutions for specified size and development of rural settlement units. Apart from its scientific character, the paper has also applicable value as it enhances decisions about choosing proper solutions of wastewater sewage systems at rural areas. ...
The construction process begins with the formulation of an idea for the project and finishes with the final commissioning. This consists of many stages, the most important of which is the construction of the buildings for the facility. This results from the specific features of the construction project, such as its long duration, its uniqueness, the seasonality of the work, dependence on weather con-ditions, and the necessity of interfering with the environment. There are many more factors, and when we consider the construction of a treatment works plus the sewerage system itself, we must also take into account any special requirements connected with their function in the local water and sewage management system. All these factors generate the risk exposure. Such risks should be included in the initial project-costing, schedule planning, and establishing the duration of the work. Events which can occur during the building of the sewage treatment works and the sewerage system have been detailed in this paper. Such events can lead to cost overruns and the prolonging of the construction phase. The method known as expert interview was used to establish whether the pre-prepared list contained the most important sources of risk. The specialists, all with long ...
The aim of the research was defining influence temperature of the sewage flow from sewage system and the temperature of the atmospheric air on tempera-ture sewage in open biological reactor of flow. To research one chose the small sewerage system with the sewage treatment plant serving to 2000 PE (Population Equivalents) situated on the village-commune in the malopolska voivodeship. Within a period of research the sewerage accompanied sewage from 250 buildings. The average flow of sewage in the investigated year was from 110 to 120 m3•d-1. The research embraced the period of 12 months from 1 January to 31 December the year 2010. To describe this relationship used of the multiple re-gression of analysis. In the period of research ascertained the large variability of the average temperature of sewage flow from sewage system and large variability of average of the temperature of the atmospheric air. The average of mean daily temperature of sewage flow was 11.0 oC. The lowest of temperature of sewage flow was 4.9 oC and the highest was 20.5 oC. In the investigated year of mean daily of the temperature of the atmospheric air was 8.3 oC. The research of concerning of multiple regression of ...
The article presents the development and condition of the sewage system in five rural communities in the powiat of Jelenia Góra in the years 2002-2012. Values of density of sewage network, the population using the network in the general population were examined, the results are presented in tables and cartograms. The article presents the legal situation of the examined communities in terms of belonging to agglomeration and municipalities involved in projects related to the construction of the sewage network. The spatial scope of research includes rural communities of the powiat of Jelenia Góra, these are: Janowice Wielkie, Jeżów Sudecki, Mysłakowice, Podgórzyn and Stara Kamienica. Analyzed data refer to communities, without specifying the localities.The study showed a heterogeneous state of development of the sewage network,different growth of network, as well as variability in the share of the population using the sewage network. In the analyzed period, the network most intensively developed in 2008-2012, due to the participation of some communities in projects for the development and construction of the sewerage network.
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The quantitative and qualitative state of water resources in Poland were presented in the paper. Discussed were selected factors shaping changes of water quality, including: improvement in sewage treatment balance, increase in the sewage system length, increase in the population number using sewage treatment plants, diminished outflow of organic substances and biogens in treated sewage. Presented state of water purity in Poland indicates, that despite improving quality, their state is still bad and the date when the desired state may be reached is still distant. The needs of municipal economy were presented against the state of water management, including the characteristics of selected systems of waterworks and sewage disposal systems development during the period of the last two decades, indicating the specific character of these systems in rural areas. ...
The aim of the research was to get the expertise, how location of wastewater treatment plant to basin of sewage system influences the temperature of inflowing wastewater. The analysis included four sewage systems, which are different for the sake of length of transit canal between treatment plant and residential buildings, in which domestic sewage was produced. In analysed systems sewage flew into the treatment plants with hydraulic capacity range from 100 to 300 m3•d-1, and with population equivalent less than 2000. Measurements of temperature of air and wastewater outflowing from sewage system, in analysed year 2012, were conducted continuously, with 1 hour interval, with use resistance sensors connected with data recorder. The research showed, that the distance of treatment plant to basin of sewage system has a significant impact on wastewater temperature outflowing from sewage system. In winter period mean daily wastewater temperature outflowing from transit manifolds with length from 300 to 600 m was lower even about 3oC, but in summer period up to 8oC, in comparison to transit manifolds with length less than 10 m. Moreover, it was proved that, apart from length of transit manifold, also intensity of wastewater flow has a significant impact on wastewater ...
The paper presents an analysis of a chain index of water supply and wastewater infrastructure development dynamics in Poland in the years 2003-2013. The work aimed at determining the development index rate (relative growth) of water supply and sewage systems in Poland divided into 3 basic territorial units (rural, urban-rural and urban districts). Moreover, the paper describes the dynamics of changes concerning water consumption, share of population using water supplied by water supply systems, percentage of households possessing a bathroom and flush toilet and the share of population using sewage system during the analysed period. Conducted analyses used among others the chain index of dynamics to determine the rate of observed changes. The analysis revealed the greatest rate of changes for the indices characterising sewage system and the share of population using the system and wastewater treatment plants. Despite the fact that rural areas were characterized by definitely the highest values of the rate of changes and chain index of changes dynamics, the differences between rural and urban areas concerning water supply and wastewater infrastructure in Poland are still considerable. ...
