In Kamienna River Valley the iron ore exploitation was done for a very long time. The intensification of the mining took place in XVIII and XIX century. For this region played an important role Stanisław Staszic. Kamienna River was supposed to be the source of energy and way of transport. Therefore, the river canalization and intensive training was undertaken, in consequence the river course was straighten and shorten, which resulted in the significant change in the river dynamics. Meander elimination and introduction of a uniform cross-section resulted in deterioration of habitat. To-day Kamienna River has deeply incised bed, which causes the drainage of surrounding grounds. After the analysis of the old maps and the river cross-sections it was found that it is impossible to restore the old river bed, because of the important erosion and cut off the sediment transport by dams on Świślina and Kamienna Rivers. Moreover the canalized river along some industrial vestiges is a part of technical patrimony. Therefore the only slight improvements could be proposed – introduction of slight meanders, more natural bed form and irregular banks. That could be obtained by an introduction of small hydraulic structures diverting the water stream. ...
The aim of the paper is to present the studies on the riverbed erosion on the upper course of Raba river, located from km 81.829 to km 77.751, close to the Stróża gauging station located in km 80.600. This part of the river course is com-pletely changed due to the Project concerning the extension of the Zakopianka road located close to the Raba river. The results of simulation of riverbed evolution before and after the Project carried out by two 1D models (RubarBE and Metoda) are analysed and discussed. The results of computation obtained by both models are verified by field observations carried out in 2001 (before the Project), and in 2009 year (after the Project). The trends of erosion and deposition correspond to the field observations for the dates before and after the Project. Another verification is possible to make for the Stróża cross-section, where observations of cross-sectional geometry and water stages have been carried out from 1900 year till now. The statistical model of riverbed erosion developed for Stróża also confirm the trends obtained there by 1D models.
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The analysis of time variability of riverbed elevation recorded at four cross-sections of two rivers: Raba and Dunajec was made. The causes of very intense erosion were pointed out, namely: intensive sediment extraction, inadequately carried out river training works including shortcuts and narrowings of riverbeds, and constructions of hydro-technical facilities, disrupting the continuity of sediment transport along the river length. Forecasting was carried out using a local weighted regression method, LOESS. In order to examine how far the length of the historical series influences the quality of forecasts, a comparison was made between the 5-year forecasts based on the 5-year history and the 5-year forecasts based on the 10-year history. The results suggest the need for preliminary data analysis before using a particular version of the model in or-der to take into account the type of variation exhibited by the historical series. ...
The analysis of variability of riverbed elevation recorded at five selected gauging cross-sections of Nida River, and at three gauging stations of Czarna Nida is presented in the paper. The studies concern the period of 60 - 80 years of observation. The trends of riverbed changes during the study period at the selected gauging stations were calculated based on the variability of observed minimal annual water stages. The reasons for the observed changes in the river course and channel geometry are given. These changes were caused by river regulation consisted of the shortening and narrowing of the river channel. Moreover, grain size distribution analysis in the selected gauging stations of Nida River and characteristic diameter variability of sediments along the river course examination are presented. These analyses were to evaluate the variability of characteristic diameters along the river course in connection with observed changes in cross-sections' geometry. Additionally, to confirm the process of erosion or deposition recognized in the examined river channels, hydrodynamic equilibrium was determined. Three methods were proposed and used: the mean velocity and critical velocity in the main river channel comparison, the stream power value calculation which defines the character of the river channel, and the WWK ...
