Field experiments was carried in ES Lipnik belonging to Western Pomera-nia University of Technology in Szczecin. Blueberry cv. ‘Patriot’ was cultivated in th years of 2000-2008 on the acid brown soil which is belong to IVb soil class. The soil was characterized by small amount of nutrient availability of phospho-rus and potassium and low acid reaction. Blueberry was cultivated in different water conditions: O-control (without supplemental irrigation), W- irrigated ob-jects. Plants were irrigated using dropping line with efficiency of 2,4 l.h-1 keeping soil moisture on the level of 0,01 MPa, registered by tensiometers. Also in these studies productivity of two and ten years old blueberry plants treated or not with supplemental irrigation were evaluated. Average crop of berries harvested in this experiment equal 7,61 t.ha-1 (tab.3). Yield from not irrigated plots equal only 4,92 t.ha-1. It appeared that sup-plemental irrigation gave proper soil moisture for blueberries and the good yield and the amount of used water particularly in June and July depended on natural precipitation. As effect of supplemental irrigation the average crop of berries equal 5,38 t.ha-1 and was 109,2% bigger comparing to control (without supple-mental irrigation). Productive effect of drip irrigation was in full correlation with amount ...
Field experiments were done in 2002–2004 on sandy soil. Crop productivity of cherry (cv. ‘Kelleris’ i ‘Łutówka’) was tested on different water regime (O – con-trol, W – under-crown- irrigation) and various level of nitrogen doses: 0NPK, 1NPK – 130kg N.ha-1 (40+ 30+60), 2NPK – 260 kg N.ha-1 (80+60+120). The ex-periment was designe by split-plot method in 7 replications. Among the trees was the lawn but in the rows the selective herbicide was used. Irrigation was applied when tensiometer show that potential of soil water was lower than 0,01 MPa. De-pending on rainfall the amount of supplemental irrigation equel 27,5–61,3 mm of water during vegetation period. The paper also presents the results of study on the effect of rainfall and total irrigation rates during vegetation on the content N, P, K,Ca, Mg, sugar, vit. C and dry matter of cherry. The cultivars had similar production capabilities. Irrigation significantly increased the yield, by 1,96 t.ha-1 (36,5%). The highest yield of cherry (6,78 t.ha-1) was obtained from plants, which had been fertilized with 260kg N.ha-1. After three years of the research the content of N, P, Mg, sugar, vitamin C in fruit decreased compare to control plots. Higher mineral fertilization caused ...
In climatic conditions of Poland rainfall constitutes the main source of water for vegetation. Total amount of rainfall, its intensity and distribution influence soil moisture which has a major impact on plants' growth and development. Great variability and contrasts of rainfall are one of the main characteristics of Polish climate. The aim of the following investigations was to precisely analyze the spatial changeability of rainfall in Central Poland. Data concerning rainfall were collected during the vegetative season of April - October 2010 in 34 meteorological stations scattered in orchards all over Central Poland (the area between Skierniewice and Góra Kalwaria), and were the basis for the evaluation. Analysis of the data confirms the observation which states that there is a great spatial variability of sum of precipitation, its maximum amount and intensity as well as the longitude of dry and rain spells. Significant differences were observed between the stations located very close to each other - a few kilometers apart. In order to work out e.g. a reliable climatic water balance the rainfall must be measured directly on the investigated object.
...
This paper examines the changes in stocks of water in clay soils against precipitation and changes in the groundwater table. The study was conducted during the summer period (May-September) in 2001 and 2002. According to the Kaczorowska`s criteria (1962) the year 2001 was very wet, and the 2002 - average. In 2001, ground water table was at a depth of 0 to 190 cm below ground surface level, and in 2002, from 50 cm to 150 cm below the surface. Water storages in the root zone (0-35 cm) developed in 2001 at the level of 100 to 125 mm, in 2002, from 88 mm to 122 mm. ...
The paper presents an attempt to evaluate rainfall in the context of expected climate changes for the purposeof irrigating. Total precipitation for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland was simulated for current and expected conditions according by means of GISS Model E, HadCM3 and GFDL R15 scenarios (doubling the CO2 concentration is assumed as typical for Poland and it is expected for years 2050-2060). Four 500-year daily rainfall series were com-pared among themselves so as to analyse the crucial irrigating periods from May to September. For simulated data probability density function of total rainfall were estimated in examined periods, and next used for tail area approximation. The presented results show changes of average sums of rainfall (a 30 per cent drop) in the considered periods and scenario, as well as much greater vari-ance (a 20-per cent increase). In the context of irrigation it implies a greater risk of drought and shows the need for ensuring water requirements for plants in critical periods.The results stress the need for using the comprehensive model taking en bloc meteorological variables into account. ...
The aim of the research was an agro-climatologic assessment of the amount of rainfall on a local scale, mainly aimed to identify trends in their changes and a possible rise in their variability over time. In the studies also we wanted to demonstrate the impact of the amount of rainfall in the region of Bydgoszcz on the yield of some crops. Material for the study consists of rainfall measurements, carried out in a standard way in the years 1981-2010 at the Research Station of the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz. Station is located in the village of Mochle, located approximately 20 km from the city centre ( φ=53013' N, λ=17051'E, h=98.5 m above sea level) in sparsely urbanized and industrialized area. We also used data of the yield of selected crops (potato, barley, corn for grain, legumes), from the production in the region of Kujawy and Pomorze as well as from our own experimental field. It has been shown that the average long-term rainfall during the growing season allows for classifying Bydgoszcz region as the area with the lowest rainfall in Poland. Analyzed rainfalls were characterized by a very high variability in time, resulting in climatic risk ...
This paper attempts to evaluate expected climate changes for the purpose of irrigating plants using the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov (HTC). Air temperature and total precipitation were simulated for conditions current and expected for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland, according to the GISS Scenario, HadCM3 and GFDL (which is typical for Poland assuming the CO2 concentration doubles, as is expected for the years 2050-2060). Four 500-year daily temperature and rainfall series were used for computing the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov, with a 30-day window for irrigating periods, from April to September. The simulated hydrothermal index was presented on a graph during the vegetation period as a course of means, with critical area, standard deviations and probabilities of medium dry, dry, very dry and extremely dry periods.The presented results show changes of average hydrothermal index (up to a 30 per cent drop) in considered periods and scenarios, as well as a 15 per cent variance increase (except GISS scenario). During the four critical months of the year, the estimated probability of extremely dry periods occurring (HTC<0.4) shows two, three and four times the risk of drought for the GISS Model E, HadCM3 and GFDL-R15 scenarios respectively. ...
The objective of the study was the comparison of optimal precipitation and deficits of atmospheric precipitation in relation to millet cultivated in the region of Bydgoszcz and Wrocław in the period 1975-2014. In the region of Wrocław water needs in millet cultivation were larger than in the region of Bydgoszcz. In the growing season (from May to August) they amounted to 253 mm and 242 mm respectively. July was the month when the largest water needs were observed - 74 and 72 mm respectively. It was also discovered that in the region of Wrocław the optimal amount of precipitation in the millet growing season (from May to August) systematically increased in subsequent decades, from 234 mm in the period 1975-1984 to 266 mm in the period 2005-2014. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the increasing trend of changes of that index in time was significant. Monthly deficits of precipitation in the millet growing season - both maximum and average - were in each case larger in the region of Bydgoszcz. The largest maximum and average insufficiencies of precipitation occurred in July. The frequency of occurrence of years with insufficient precipitation was also larger in each month in the region ...
This paper attempts to evaluate a year 2015 from the point of view of present and future expected climate for the purpose of agriculture production using the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov (HTC). Air temperature and total precipitation were simulated for conditions current and expected for a chosen meteorological station in Central Poland, according to the GISS Scenario (which is typical for Poland assuming the CO2 concentration doubles, as is expected for the years 2050-2060). The year 2015 and two 500-year daily temperature and rainfall series were used for computing the hydrothermal index of Sieljaninov, with a 30-day window for vegetation periods, from April to September. The simulated hydrothermal index was presented on a graph during the vegetation period as a course of means with standard deviations, and 50% and 90% critical area.The presented results show the year 2015 as dry or very dry within the vegetation period as well from the point of view of future climate changes according to the GISS Scenario. In case of heavy rainfall during the dry period of plant vegetation hydrothermal index show over estimation tendency ...
This paper presents data on daily precipitation totals from six meteorological stations and the climatic water balance for the stations located throughout Poland in 2011-2015. The following sequences of days without precipitation were distinguished: from 11 to 15 days, from 16 to 20 days, and of more than 20 days. The number of precipitation-free sequences during the growing season in 2011-2015 was highly variable. Over the studied period, there were from 1.0 rainless sequence in Wtelno to 2.4 such sequences in Gołębiów per one growing season. The most frequently occurring were sequences of 11-15 days, while those of 16-20 days were less frequent. In the years under analysis, all of the different sequences occurred most frequently in July, and the least frequently in April. The highest numbers of sequences without precipitation were recorded in the south-east of Poland (Zakalniki, Gołębiów). ...
This paper presents data on daily precipitation totals from six meteorological stations and the climatic water balance for the stations located throughout Poland in 2011-2015. The following sequences of days without precipitation were distinguished: from 11 to 15 days, from 16 to 20 days, and of more than 20 days. The number of precipitation-free sequences during the growing season in 2011-2015 was highly variable. Over the studied period, there were from 1.0 rainless sequence in Wtelno to 2.4 such sequences in Gołębiów per one growing season. The most frequently occurring were sequences of 11-15 days, while those of 16-20 days were less frequent. In the years under analysis, all of the different sequences occurred most frequently in July, and the least frequently in April. The highest numbers of sequences without precipitation were recorded in the south-east of Poland (Zakalniki, Gołębiów). ...
