The field experiment was conducted in the years 2006–2008 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates and starch, percentage of de-formations, green tubers, common scab infection) different fertilization doses of solid and liquid nitrogen form (fertigation) applied to the soil. The objects were divided on: irrigated and non irrigated. Drip irrigation method was applied in this experiment. The nitrogen dose in fertigation form was established by using com-puter program DSS (Decision Support System). The nitrogen in fertigation form was applied in following doses: year of 2006 – 57,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2007 – 31,7 kg•ha-1, year of 2008 – 39,7 kg•ha-1. The doses of water (year of 2006 – 110,3 mm, year of 2007 – 20,0 mm, year of 2008 – 68,9 mm) and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. The control was object without fertiliza-tion of NPK and without irrigation. The significant highest yield of tubers was obtained on the irrigated object where dose of 150 kg•ha-1N was applied. The yield of tubers on irrigated object ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the precipitation needs of mid-late and late potato using the method of cluster analysis. The research material was based on the results of COBORU (Research Centre for Cultivar Testing) experi-ments carried out in 1972–2001 for the pattern of mid-late and late potato grown on soils of rye complexes, at 23 research stations all over Poland. Meteorologi-cal data: monthly precipitation and the mean temperature of air during the vege-tation of potato were gathered from all the meteorological points functioning at COBORU experimental stations or from the nearest IMGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations. For the evaluation of precipitation needs of potato the method of generalized cluster analysis was used. As a result of the method used, three clusters were selected. They differed significantly with regard to the values of 7 variables taken into consideration. The highest yield of potato (cluster 1) was obtained at average values of mean air temperature in the period from May to September (15.2oC), lower than the aver-age precipitation total in May (45 mm), moderate precipitation in June (65 mm) and more than average precipitation in July (90 mm), August (75 mm) and in September ...
In this studies, a plant water needs index was defined as an amount of rainfall, in the period of plant increasing water demands, which didn't increase a yield of an irrigated plants. Such defined optimal rainfall was calculated on the basis of results of long-term field experiments carried out on two kinds of soil in a region of Bydgoszcz. Irrigation needs understood as rainfall insufficiency in the period of plant increasing water demands, were calculated as a difference be-tween optimal and actual rainfall. Homogeneous rainfall data from years 1971-2005 in Mochełek (placed near Bydgoszcz) were used. Calculations of irrigation needs were made in the period of increasing water demands of the followed plants: spring cereals, medium-early potato and maize cultivated for grain. All of them were grown on two kinds of soil: a very light soil of permeable subsoil and a light soil of compact subsoil. Obtained results enabled to classify the evaluated irrigation needs. The criterions were: a number of essential individual water doses and a quantity of forecasted productive effects of the irrigated plants. Re-sults of the studies show that the irrigation needs calculated on a very light soil in the region of Bydgoszcz occurred in 87,7-97,1% (it ...
The purpose of the study was to determine of influence of irrigation and ni-trogen fertilization on the amount of losses after the storage of early potato culti-vars during 6 months. Investigations were carried out in 2005–2007 in Kruszyn Krajeński near Bydgoszcz on the soil included to the weak rye complex of agricultural suitability. The experiment was conducted as 3-factorial trial, with three rep-lications. The first row factor was early potato cultivar: ‘Dorota’, ‘Gracja’. The second row factor was sprinkler irrigation applied in two variants: Wo – without irrigation (control), (kontrola), W1 – sprinkler irrigation according to indications of tensiometers (irrigation was started when the soil water potential achieved -0,03 MPa). The three row factor was differentiated nitrogen fertilization: N0 = 0 kg N•ha -1, N1 = 40 kg N•ha -1, N2 = 80 kg N•ha -1, N3 = 120 kg N•ha -1. The studied cultivars were characterized by differentiated susceptibility to losses total during the storage. cv. ‘Dorota’ was characterized by the higher losses during the long storage. Irrigation during the vegetation period increased in tubers the amount of natural losses, decrements and the losses caused by sprouting. Nitrogen fertilization of the higher doses as well as in control ...
The aim of this study was to determine the average early potato numerical irrigation needs, displaying their large variability in time and linking those needs with the projected increases in tubers yield under the influence of the applied pro-cedure. In the study a new research method was used, based on the results of many years of strict field experiments conducted at various research centers in the areas of particular shortage of water used for agriculture. These areas include light and very light soils located in the central part of Polish lowland, in the rainfall area during the growing season (IV-IX) limited with the isopluvial line 350 mm. The needs of irrigation were calculated for four places (Szczecin, Bydgoszcz, Poznań, Warszawa) located within the areas of particular water deficit. Precipitation data from the years 1971-2005 derived from measurements of our own and Institute of Meteorology and Water Management were used in the calculations. It was found that the need for irrigation of the potato as a basic yield-forming factor, on very light soil with a drained subsoil, occurs in areas of water deficits in the 80-86% of the years, depending on the locality. In the 20-40 % of the years the ...
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of microirrigation of Barycz, Mors and Triada potato cultivars on the infection of tubers by the most dangerous pathogens. The experiment was carried out on light soil as a two-factor split-plot design with four replications. The factors were cultivars and the following variants of irrigation: WO - without irrigation, W1 - drip irrigation, W2 - micro-sprinkler irrigation. The health status of tubers was evaluated after harvest in each year of the study. The percentage of an area of the tubers with symptoms of common scab and black scurf was determined following nine-degree (0-8) scale were: 0 = lack of disease symptoms, healthy tubers and 8 = above 50% of a tuber surface with disease symptoms. The percentage of tubers with symptoms of in-festation was estimated for other detected diseases. Symptoms of common scab and black scurf were observed on the tubers in all years of the study. Studied cultivars differed in susceptibility to Streptomyces sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. The most resistant cultivar to the first pathogen was Triada and to the second pathogen was Barycz. Symptoms of other diseases were noted sporadically and did not exceed 1% of infected tubers. ...
The aim of the study was to determine of the influence of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation on the quantity and quality of yield of selected medium early potato cultivars. Field experiments were conducted on the soil classified to IVb valuation class and good rye complex in 2001-2003 at Kosobudy (Community of Brusy), Pomerania Voivodeship. Effective useful retention in the soil layer of con-trolled moisture (0-40 cm) amounted 29,5 mm.The experiments were carried out with two-factorial split-plot design, with four replications. The first-row factor was irrigation: O - control plots (without irrigation), K - drip-irrigated plots, D sprinkler-irrigated plots. The second-row factor: medium early potato cultivars: Barycz, Mors, Triada. The dose of cattle manure (35 t∙ha-1) was applied in autumn (before winter plowing). Fertilization with P and K amounted: 80 kg P2O5∙ha-1 and 140 kg K2O∙ha-1, respectively. Ni-trogen fertilization was used with dose 90 kg N∙ ha-1. Irrigation was conducted according to soil water potential measured by tensiometers (-0,03 MPa). The use of irrigation significantly increased the marketable tuber yield.There were no significant differences between potato yields obtained from sprinkler-irrigated plots and those from drip-irrigated plots. From among cultivars tested, Triada gave significantly higher marketable tuber yields than ...
The study was carried out in order to determine the frequency of droughts in the period of increased water needs in potato, and to assess the needs and expected productive effects of the plants grown under irrigation on the basis of temporal variation of the standardized precipitation index SPI in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie district. Rainfall data were derived from standard measurements of atmospheric precipitation in between 1 July and 31 August in the multi-annual period 1981-2010.These data were obtained from the branches of COBORU in Chrząstowo, Głębokie and Głodowo, and the University of Technology and Life Sciences Research Centre in Mochełek. The results of carried research showed that the frequency of occurrence of dry spell during the period of increased needs for water of potato amounted to 26.7-40.0% in the region, depending on the locality. Strong droughts occurred in the year 1983, 1989, 1992 and 1994, moderate drought in 2005 and weak droughts in 1982, 1984 and 1999. Great irrigation needs of potato which corresponded to periods of strong and moderate droughts (SPI ≤ -1.0) have been identified in 5 years of the 30 years examined. The expected increase in the yield of potato tubers grown on light soils under irrigation ...
The field experiment was conducted in the years 2010-2012 at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, Division Jadwisin on the light and acid soil. The aim of the research was to compare effect on tubers yield, their structure and some quality elements of tubers (content of nitrates, starch, vitamin C, dry matter and percentage of deformations, green tubers, common scab infection) different variants of lines drip irrigation between rows potato plants localization and conduct of irrigation with nitrogen fertigation. The drip irrigation was conducted of subsurface and drip lines situated on rows of plants (object of B), on surface and drip lines situated in each row space (object of C), every second row space and double irrigated dose of water (object of D). Mineral nitrogen on irrigated objects by broadcasting before of planting of 50 kg.ha-1 and by fertigation of 50 kg.ha-1 (5 treatments to 10 kg.ha-1) was applied to the soil. The control was object (A) without irrigated with nitrogen application in dose of 100 kg.ha-1 by broadcasting before planting. The doses of water and dates of their application were established by using tensjometer. When the lines situated by subsurface on rows and drip irrigation with nitrogen fertigation applied increasing ...
For the assessment of the economic efficiency of irrigation in selected crops presented in this paper, we used results obtained from field experiments conducted in 2006-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz by employees of the Department of Land Reclamation and Agrometeorology. These studies were focused on the effects of irrigation on the yield of potatoes, malting barley and corn grown for grain. To calculate the economic efficiency we used the method of calculation the increase in direct surplus. The results indicate that irrigation was economically justified not in the all cases. For potatoes the direct surplus was increasing along with the increasing of the irrigated area, the losses were noticed only in the case of 1-hectare variant. In contrast, there was no economic justification for the use of irrigation in the production of malting barley, regardless of the irrigated area. Same results of economic effects, as in the case of barley, were obtained using drip irrigation in corn grown for grain. The presented calculation shows that the cost irrigation per 1 ha decreases as the irrigated area increases. ...
