The aim of the paper is to evaluate the usefulness of opoka rock and reactive material made of it to remove phosphorous from surface water and wastewater. Presented results concern the effects of calcium (Ca) contamination in the reactive material (heated opoka) and it impacts on the value of the maximum sorption capacity Smax. Six batches of material (O1-O6) which come from deposits located in Belzec (south-east part of Poland) is characterized by variable amounts of Ca, which is 238,6-520,1 g∙kg-1. The maximum sorption capacity Smax estimated by Langmuir isotherm model equals 12,3-25,5 mg P-PO4 g-1∙kg. To assess the relationship between the content of Ca, Fe Al and Mg in composition of the reactive material and its ability to retain phosphorus correlation coefficients was used and showed that calcium (Ca) is associated with phosphorus sorption capacity (r=0.99126). Also, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 content have an impact on the ability to bind phosphorous. In contrary, the contamination of MgO has no significant effect on the value of Smax.
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Air pollution, noise, omnipresent traffic and the accompanying stress make an adverse effect on human life in the city. In addition, buildings and related umpermeable surfaces, enhance the urban heat island effect and cause problems with the management of rainwater. Therefore, modern housing developments must meet the challenge of ensuring a high quality of life for residents. This effect can be achieved by putting on the green, including green roofs, and the construction of ponds in the form of rainwater management systems. Another challenge is to maintain the quality of water in the reservoir. The paper presents the results of two reactive materials laboratory scale tests, for their use in order to maintain the level of phosphorus in the water. According to the FLL guidelines (2011) for swimming ponds, phosphorus concentration below 0.01 mg/L will provide transparent and visually attractive water. Studies have shown that the opoka turned out to be more effective sorbent for phosphorus than dedicated to this goal commercial product FerroSorp®. ...
