Waste management is a section of technical infrastructure which is often called public utilities determining the sanitary and ecological level of rural areas. Wastes appear everywhere - on wastelands, by field roads, in the roadside ditches and drainage ditches, in parks and forests, and often also in the farmsteads. Growing rate of waste production, particularly indecomposable ones, poses two basic problems which must be solved by the self-government authorities in the commune: developing a system of waste collection and methods of their disposal. The first involves educational and organizational issues. The second problem is far more difficult to solve because a method or methods should be selected for managing municipal wastes. A most common method which must be usually applied in any conditions is waste deposition on controlled landfill site. The article presents the state of waste management in the Gródek nad Dunajcem commune and suggests some improvements to the situation. While presenting solutions applied by the commune attention was focused on ecological and economic advantages connected with upgrading the existing programme of waste management. The present system was evaluated on the basis of legal acts currently in force on developing solid waste management programmes, the amount ...
The subject of this elaboration is the management of wastes that are generated on the Trzciana community area in Bochnia County. This commune at 4167,8 ha a surface actually has 5182 inhabitants that produce nowadays about 20% (228,1 Mg∙year-1) of all municipal wastes. The total mass of wastes generated in this area is being estimated for about 2378,0 Mg∙year-1 that includes municipal wastes (1189 Mg∙year-1), sewage sludge (4,3 Mg∙year-1), industrial wastes (1151,6 Mg∙year-1), hazardous wastes (5,1 Mg∙year-1), used lead accumulators (6,2 Mg∙year-1), medical wastes (0,2 Mg∙year-1), veterinary wastes (0,02 Mg∙year-1) and used tyres (21,0 Mg∙year-1). 96 In respect to its own infrastructure, the analysed commune is neglected, doesn’t have group water supply system and it isn’t sewered. There is also lack of controlled landfill sites and points of stockpiling wastes in this area. For the last few years only sack and container system near cemeteries have worked. It is estimated that by the year 2014, population growth in the Trzciana commune will result in increasing quantity of total wastes up to about 6298,4 Mg (177,7% of present wastes production) and municipial wastes up to ca. 2268,2 Mg. Subsequently, recovery and recycling technology will cut municipal wastes production by about 1139,5 ...
Waste management is one of the main priorities of the state ecological policy. Therefore the law on wastes which came into force in 2001 estabishes the terms of waste management to guarantee protection of human life and health, but also to ensure protection of the natural environment according to the rule of sustainable development. Pursuant to the act, plans of waste management were developed at each level of public administration. According to these plans wastes were divided into two main groups: wastes generated in the municipal sector and in the economic sector. A quantitative analysis of municipal wastes was conducted in the paper by comparing the amounts estimated on the basis of indices of generating waste streams with real waste quantity collected in 5 rural districts of the malopolskie province. The analysis revealed that estimated amounts of wastes fluctuated between 812.5 and 1614.3 Mg∙year-1, whereas the quantities of collected wastes ranged between 180.5 and 580.8 Mg∙year-1.The difference between the estimated and real amount in these districts was on average 986.2 Mg ∙year-1. Similar divergences were observed while analyzing unit amounts of wastes per one inhabitant. The value computed on the basis of indices was 223.59 kg∙M-1∙year-1, which in comparison with ...
Amount of generated municipal wastes depends on many factors, witch themost important are: life standard, population's rate and goods' consumption scaleand intensity.The kind of produced wastes depends on the area where the wastes aregenerated, population denisity, buldings' types, objects of public utility, trade outpostmagnitude and intensity of industry and services.In this paper there was verified dependence between municipal wasteproduction and one of the social-economic factor which is structure of economicactivity (by Polish Classification of Activity - PKD).The researches were conducted in communes of Malopolska Region. Theaverage amounts of produced wastes in different business communes's type andsignificance of differences among average were defined in the analysis.There was indicated that the biggest waste production (per capita) havecommunes, where the dominant business activities are financed (or insurance),transport or tourism. The least wastes are generating with construction, energeticand agriculture as the main economic activity. ...
Municipal waste management according to EU Directives means the gath-ering, collection, recovery, disposal and monitoring of their creation. The most important linking element in this system is a transport of wastes, mainly carried out through a specialized companies. In Poland, more than 70% costs of waste management system is generated by collection and waste transport from customer to disposal places [Tyc-Szmil 2003]. The effect of rising fuel prices, increased wages of drivers and loaders, is an increasing cost of waste management. A lot of eco-company have to optimize their transport logistics system to minimalizing of costs. To rationalize the transport system are used publicly available computer programs to optimize travel routes or the state fleet.In this paper authors formulation logistic problem of optimization the exist-ing waste transport system. The problem was solved using the developed model of decision-making structure. Authors conduct a spatial analysis of waste transport system for determine optimal collection sectors in the city, based on data collected about the waste transport logistics system in the company MIKI. The main aim of the optimization was to minimize the value of the garbage truck's courses [km] at a determining volume of solid waste collected.
...
A new act on maintaining the cleanliness and order in communes of 1 July, 2011, will become effective in Poland on 1 January, 2012. The act will come fully into force on 1 July, 2013. According to this act regulations, commune self-governments take over the obligations of the property owners concerning waste management, moreover, they become responsible for construction and maintenance of the infrastructure supporting recycling and waste disposal processes. The self-governments were granted a 1.5 year transition period to implement the act regulations.The introduced changes are an adjustment of Polish regulation to the Euro-pean law. Only in Poland and Hungary local self-governments have not yet been responsible for management of waste generated in their areas.The article presents an analysis of the basic changes introduced by the act to the Polish system of municipal waste management. Presented are also the estimates of the mass of wastes collected on the territory of Poland with particular regard to the Małopolskie voivodeship. Calculations and forecasts were made on the basis of information collected by the Main Statistical Office (GUS) and commune offices, where systems similar to the one introduced by the act have been operating for several years. The act assumes that all ...
