The paper presents very important, both from practical and theoretical reasons, problem of forming the river bed-forms within the gravel-bed mountainous riverbed and the influence of those bed forms on the discharge value. In natural rivers, due to the complicated nature of the discharge and changes in the water level, the bed forms are quite complicated structures. Those forms are changing in length and height and when present they change hydraulics conditions of the discharge. They could be both 2-dimentional and 3-dimentional, situated in all pars of the cross section. Up to now there are only a few notes and papers about the gravel bed forms which can be found in rivers. Most of scientific papers focus on sand riverbed forms. The present paper shows and concentrates on the field measurements of gravel bed forms found in the estuarial part of the mountain river - the Raba River - in Polish Carpathians. Such research was carried out first time in Poland. The research focuses here mostly on geometrical parameters of these bed forms such as height, length, stoss and trough angle as well as granulometric characteristics of gravel built those forms. Basing on in-site measurements many different hydraulics ...
In order to protect the areas against the floods and droughts effect, we need to slow down the outflow in the scale of the whole catchment. The streams and rivers training are one of many possibilities of floods and droughts mitiga-tion. However, these activities often were done without any respect on the basic principle on keeping the ecological continuity of river corridor. In the paper, we propose improving the activities in the rivers and streams channels, in order to al-leviate effects of the technical training. ...
