Ground-cement composites are commonly used in public road foundations constructed also in forested areas. Layers of cement stabilized ground are utilized in road construction as improved basement soil or basic foundation. Compacted cementground composite layers are independently utilized as road surfaces, surfaces of fire emergency airports, manoeuvre areas,forest car parks, wood depots and peat-lands surfaces in forest road construction. A relatively low percentage of the binder brings about a fairly high permeability of the utilized cement-ground and makes it more susceptible to flaking and cracking, as well as inflitration by precipitation water. The cements contain, apart from Portland clinker, other non-clinker mineral components, mainly industrial refuse. The source of chemical pollution of the cement binders may originate from materials and substitute fuel (e.g. industrial and domestic refuse). The general objective of the project was to evaluate the influence of cementground composite road foundations on the roadside ecotone zones in the fresh mixed broadleaved forest. The carried out investigationsaimed at recognizing the process of washing out of chemical compounds from foundations depending upon the applied cement and condition of the foundation. Five types of different cements with a different share of non-clinker components (fly-ashes and blast furnace slags) were used for ...
The condition of the continuous existence of the forest ecosystem is the presence of balance of major processes of metabolisms. Each significant change in the chemical balance in the environment brings about disturbances of homeostasis, quantitative and qualitative succession of the major components of both plant and animal world, resulting in degradation of the forest environment. It is necessary to monitor forest environment to control changes in the environment. The network of forest monitoring is based on the fixed observation spots (SPO) of row I and II. Forest monitoring is a system of forest environment evaluation description and sanitary condition on the basis of continuous or periodical observations and measurements of the selected indicators in the observation spots. An additional duty is to fulfill the obligations undertaken by Poland concerning the frame of the Transborder Long Distance Migration of Pollution Convention, Biodiversity Convention, as well as the Strasburg resolution and Helsinki Paneuropean Conference of Ministers called to discuss Forest Protection in Europe, and EU directive Forest Focus Nr 2152/2003. The process of changes and adjustments of the monitoring to the EU demands began in 2004. The state forest monitoring programme introduced then the principle of two-level differentiating of the density ...
Landslides in the geological aspect can be active for many years. There is a need to keep monitoring stability of slope, especially if there are some buildings located on the landslide. Such monitoring can be done with the use of geodetic methods. In the article there are presented possible geodetic techniques which are used in practice and new one, not used up to now- ground radar interferometer technique. This technique allows for spatial measurement without the points stabi-lization on the landslide and gives the information about displacements values of the chosen area of measured landslide. ...
The main ideas of a new MHR method for hydromorphological river survey and assessment were presented. It is a combination of the substance of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 and the European standard EN 14614. It takes into account the existing polish data basis, regulations from the Minister of Environ-ment, the Inspire and Reporting directives and the existing experience completed in the Central European countries by the monotoring and assessment of hydro-morphological elements in the last 25 years. The method is strength on the works done in Poland for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive.The hydromorphological river assessment uses a hierarchic system which allows for the calculation of the ecological quality index. The system's basis is built by four elements: hydrological regime, river continuity, river morphology and the valley. Every element is described by some parameters and these by selected attributes. The separately calculated ecological quality index of elements and parameters allows to discover why the good ecological status was not obtained. The average index for all elements is the index of the water body. The investigations are based on existing topographical and orthophoto maps, data basis of the Institute for Meteorology and Water Management and the river ...
Since the Polish accession to European Union we are to obliged to carry out the river quality assessment by biological monitoring. The part of the assessment is a macrophyte-based methods used in the evaluation of the ecological status of rivers in respect of biodiversity. Macrophyte Method for River Assessment has been used since 2007 and provide us information about ecological state of rivers.The assessment was made at small, lowland Cetynia River (35,6 km total length), which is a left bank tributary of Bug River. At the chosen, examinated section of the river (100 m) was described the composition of water plants (ma-crophytes), morphological and abiotic conditions of the River. The paper presents resolute of preliminary assessment of ecological state of Cetynia River and oxygen indicators (BOD, COD-Cr and dissolved oxygen).
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The aim of the study was the monitoring the mineral composition of the water used for fertigation in soilless culture. The study was conducted in the years 2010-2012 and analyzed a total of 360 samples of water from different water intakes of the major areas of vegetable production in greenhouses. The water samples were determined pH, conductivity (EC), the content of minerals and ballast ions. In each sample of water collected, the contents of bicarbonates were determined. During two years of research, an increase in the average content of bicarbonates average 80 mg.dm-3 and pH by 0.17 units on average. The content of total dissolved salts in the course of the observation period decreased. The average value of EC decreased by 0.14 mS.cm-1. The nitrate content according to the water intakes varied over a wide range from 0.05 to 128 mg.dm-3. During follow-up, two-year downward trend ballast ion content such as Cl-and SO42-, and sodium (Na +), there was no change and remained at an average level of 21.0 mg.dm-3. ...
River monitoring for the status and species composition of ichthyofauna is one of the forms of open water fisheries management. Research conducted on 10 selected for maintenance works of small rivers was to determine the composition and density of native and invasive fish and estimating the European Fish Index (EFI +) to assess the ecological status of designated sites in these rivers located in the Vistula and Oder basin. A total of 1405 fish, belonging to 24 species, were captured. Native species predominated, however, 19% of the fish caught were invasive species. The most common species was roach (Rutilus rutilus), but the most numerous was the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). At the researched stations, the maximum value of the EFI+ amounted to 0.868. After division into classes according to the value of the EFI + index, the majority of investigated sites where fish were found (24 of 28 sites), the EFI + value was between 0.00 to 0.40. This relatively small value indicated a poor condition of fish habitats, which was confirmed by low classes of ecological status at individual sites. Only in the case of the 1st position in the Tywa river and the 3rd position in the Czarna-Cedron ...
